scholarly journals Cell-type specific patterned stimulus-independent neuronal activity in the Drosophila visual system during synapse formation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orkun Akin ◽  
Bryce T. Bajar ◽  
Mehmet F. Keles ◽  
Mark A. Frye ◽  
S. Lawrence Zipursky
Keyword(s):  
Visual System ◽  
Synapse Formation ◽  
Neural Circuit ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
System Development ◽  
Nervous System Development ◽  
Adult Brain ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Cell Type Specific

SummaryStereotyped synaptic connections define the neural circuits of the brain. In vertebrates, stimulus-independent activity contributes to neural circuit formation. It is unknown whether this type of activity is a general feature of nervous system development. Here, we report patterned, stimulus-independent neural activity in the Drosophila visual system during synaptogenesis. Using in vivo calcium, voltage, and glutamate imaging, we found that all neurons participate in this spontaneous activity, which is characterized by brain-wide periodic active and silent phases. Glia are active in a complementary pattern. Each of the 15 examined of the over 100 specific neuron types in the fly visual system exhibited a unique activity signature. The activity of neurons that are synaptic partners in the adult was highly correlated during development. We propose that this cell type-specific activity coordinates the development of the functional circuitry of the adult brain.

scholarly journals Synaptic Hyaluronan Synthesis and CD44-Mediated Signaling Coordinate Neural Circuit Development

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2574
Author(s):  
Emily S. Wilson ◽  
Karen Litwa
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Brain ◽  
Synapse Formation ◽  
Neural Circuits ◽  
Neural Circuit ◽  
System Development ◽  
Synaptic Cleft ◽  
Nervous System Development ◽  
Inhibitory Synapses ◽  
Perineuronal Nets ◽  
Potential Formation

The hyaluronan-based extracellular matrix is expressed throughout nervous system development and is well-known for the formation of perineuronal nets around inhibitory interneurons. Since perineuronal nets form postnatally, the role of hyaluronan in the initial formation of neural circuits remains unclear. Neural circuits emerge from the coordinated electrochemical signaling of excitatory and inhibitory synapses. Hyaluronan localizes to the synaptic cleft of developing excitatory synapses in both human cortical spheroids and the neonatal mouse brain and is diminished in the adult mouse brain. Given this developmental-specific synaptic localization, we sought to determine the mechanisms that regulate hyaluronan synthesis and signaling during synapse formation. We demonstrate that hyaluronan synthase-2, HAS2, is sufficient to increase hyaluronan levels in developing neural circuits of human cortical spheroids. This increased hyaluronan production reduces excitatory synaptogenesis, promotes inhibitory synaptogenesis, and suppresses action potential formation. The hyaluronan receptor, CD44, promotes hyaluronan retention and suppresses excitatory synaptogenesis through regulation of RhoGTPase signaling. Our results reveal mechanisms of hyaluronan synthesis, retention, and signaling in developing neural circuits, shedding light on how disease-associated hyaluronan alterations can contribute to synaptic defects.

scholarly journals Simultaneous electrophysiological recording and fiber photometry in freely behaving mice

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amisha A Patel ◽  
Niall McAlinden ◽  
Keith Mathieson ◽  
Shuzo Sakata
Keyword(s):  
Neural Circuit ◽  
Electrophysiological Recording ◽  
Field Potentials ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Specific Population ◽  
Population Activity ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
Cell Type Specific ◽  
Freely Behaving

AbstractIn vivo electrophysiology is the gold standard technique used to investigate sub-second neural dynamics in freely behaving animals. However, monitoring cell-type-specific population activity is not a trivial task. Over the last decade, fiber photometry based on genetically encoded calcium indicators has been widely adopted as a versatile tool to monitor cell-type-specific population activity in vivo. However, this approach suffers from low temporal resolution. Here, we combine these two approaches to monitor both sub-second field potentials and cell-type-specific population activity in freely behaving mice. By developing an economical custom-made system, and constructing a hybrid implant of an electrode and a fiber optic cannula, we simultaneously monitor artifact-free pontine field potentials and calcium transients in cholinergic neurons across the sleep-wake cycle. We find that pontine cholinergic activity co-occurs with sub-second pontine waves, called P-waves, during rapid eye movement sleep. Given the simplicity of our approach, simultaneous electrophysiological recording and cell-type-specific imaging provides a novel and valuable tool for interrogating state-dependent neural circuit dynamics in vivo.

scholarly journals Cell-type-Specific Patterned Stimulus-Independent Neuronal Activity in the Drosophila Visual System during Synapse Formation

Neuron ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 101 (5) ◽  
pp. 894-904.e5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orkun Akin ◽  
Bryce T. Bajar ◽  
Mehmet F. Keles ◽  
Mark A. Frye ◽  
S. Lawrence Zipursky
Keyword(s):  
Visual System ◽  
Neuronal Activity ◽  
Synapse Formation ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Cell Type Specific

scholarly journals A gene expression atlas of embryonic neurogenesis in Drosophila reveals complex spatiotemporal regulation of lncRNAs

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra L. McCorkindale ◽  
Philipp Wahle ◽  
Sascha Werner ◽  
Irwin Jungreis ◽  
Peter Menzel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
System Development ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Nervous System Development ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Gene Expression Atlas ◽  
Expression Atlas ◽  
Gene Expression Dynamics ◽  
Cell Type Specific

Summary statementWe present a spatiotemporal transcriptome during early Drosophila embryonic nervous system development, revealing a complex cell type-specific network of mRNAs and lncRNAs.AbstractCell type specification during early nervous system development in Drosophila melanogaster requires precise regulation of gene expression in time and space. Resolving the programs driving neurogenesis has been a major challenge owing to the complexity and rapidity with which distinct cell populations arise. To resolve the cell type-specific gene expression dynamics in early nervous system development, we have sequenced the transcriptomes of purified neurogenic cell types across consecutive time points covering critical events in neurogenesis. The resulting gene expression atlas comprises a detailed resource of global transcriptome dynamics that permits systematic analysis of how cells in the nervous system acquire distinct fates. We resolve known gene expression dynamics and uncover novel expression signatures for hundreds of genes among diverse neurogenic cell types, most of which remain unstudied. We also identified a set of conserved and tissue-specifically regulated long-noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) that exhibit spatiotemporal expression during neurogenesis with exquisite specificity. LncRNA expression is highly dynamic and demarcates specific subpopulations within neurogenic cell types. Our spatiotemporal transcriptome atlas provides a comprehensive resource to investigate the function of coding genes and noncoding RNAs during critical stages of early neurogenesis.

scholarly journals CD60b: Enriching Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells from Rat Development into Adulthood

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Fernanda Gubert ◽  
Camila Zaverucha-do-Valle ◽  
Michelle Furtado ◽  
Pedro M. Pimentel-Coelho ◽  
Nicoli Mortari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
System Development ◽  
Nervous System Development ◽  
Adult Brain ◽  
Neurogenic Niche ◽  
Neural Stem Progenitor Cells

CD60b antigens are highly expressed during development in the rat nervous system, while in the adult their expression is restricted to a few regions, including the subventricular zone (SVZ) around the lateral ventricles—a neurogenic niche in the adult brain. For this reason, we investigated whether the expression of C60b is associated with neural stem/progenitor cells in the SVZ, from development into adulthood. We performedin vitroandin vivoanalyses of CD60b expression at different stages and identified the presence of these antigens in neural stem/progenitor cells. We also observed that CD60b could be used to purify and enrich a population of neurosphere-forming cells from the developing and adult brain. We showed that CD60b antigens (mainly corresponding to ganglioside 9-O-acetyl GD3, a well-known molecule expressed during central nervous system development and mainly associated with neuronal migration) are also present in less mature cells and could be used to identify and isolate neural stem/progenitor cells during development and in the adult brain. A better understanding of molecules associated with neurogenesis may contribute not only to improve the knowledge about the physiology of the mammalian central nervous system, but also to find new treatments for regenerating tissue after disease or brain injury.

ITag-RNA Allows in Vivo Cell-Type Specific Transcriptional Characterization and Tracking of Circulating Transcripts

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Darr ◽  
M. Lassi ◽  
R. Gerlini ◽  
F. Scheid ◽  
M. Hrabě de Angelis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Type ◽  
Cell Type Specific
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