scholarly journals Climate as a driver of adaptive variations in ecological strategies in Arabidopsis thaliana

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
François Vasseur ◽  
Kevin Sartori ◽  
Etienne Baron ◽  
Florian Fort ◽  
Elena Kazakou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Functional Adaptation ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Ecological Strategies ◽  
Strategy Space ◽  
Csr Strategies ◽  
Csr Strategy

AbstractBackground and aimsThe ‘CSR classification’ categorizes plant species between stress-tolerators, ruderals (R) and competitors (C). Initially proposed as a general framework to describe ecological strategies at the interspecific level, this scheme has recently been used to investigate the variation of strategies within species. For instance, ample variation along the S-R axis was found in Arabidopsis thaliana, with stress-tolerator accessions predominating in hot and dry regions.MethodsIn this study, the range of CSR strategies within A. thaliana was evaluated across 426 accessions originating from North Africa to Scandinavia. A position in the CSR strategy space was allocated for every accession based on three functional traits: leaf area, leaf dry matter content (LDMC) and specific leaf area (SLA). Results were related to climate at origin and compared to a previous study performed on the same species. Furthermore, the role of natural selection in phenotypic differentiation between lineages was investigated with Qst-Fst comparisons, using the large genetic information available for this species.Key resultsSubstantial variation in ecological strategies along the S-R axis was found in A. thaliana. By contrast with previous findings, stress-tolerator accessions predominated in cold climates, notably Scandinavia, where late flowering was associated with traits related to resource conservation such as high LDMC and low SLA. Because of trait plasticity, variations in CSR classification to growth conditions were also observed for the same genotypes.ConclusionsThere is a latitudinal gradient of ecological strategies in A. thaliana as a result of within-species adaptation to climate. Our study also underlines the importance of growth conditions and of the methodology used for trait measurement, notably age versus stage measurement, to infer the strength and direction of trait-environment relationships. Taken together, this highlights the potential and limitations of the CSR classification to explain functional adaptation to the environment.

scholarly journals Consistent Grime’s CSR Strategy of Daisy Fleabane Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers. despite Its High Morphological Variability—A Case Study from Zagreb and Medvednica Mt., Croatia

Diversity ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Damjana Levačić ◽  
Sven D. Jelaska
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Specific Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Morphological Variability ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Leaf Dry Matter Content ◽  
Csr Strategy ◽  
Erigeron Annuus

Alongside the direct destruction of natural habitats and changes in land use, invasive species are considered one of the greatest threats to global biodiversity. Daisy fleabane Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers. is among the most widespread invasive plants in Croatia. Invasions of E. annuus may be aided by morphological variability, which this study investigates. The variability of life traits (stem height, fresh and dry leaf mass, length, width and leaf area, specific leaf area, and leaf dry matter content) was examined among 18 locations throughout Zagreb and Medvednica Mt. Overall, 87 plant specimens and 435 leaves were measured and analysed using univariate and multivariate statistics. Viable populations were recorded in diverse habitat types, mostly with marked human impact. We determined Grime’s CR plant life strategies for all, except for two localities with C/CR plant strategies. Two populations with a more pronounced competitive strategy had high leaf dry matter content, with smaller leaves and medium height stems. Significant differences between the localities were found, with the specific leaf area (SLA) and plant height being the most diverse. Despite its high morphological variability, daisy fleabane had a consistent CSR strategy, which likely enables its widespread invasions across variable habitats.

scholarly journals Physiological plasticity of main tree species of lowland hornbeamoak forest as a results of forest gap regeneration

2016 ◽  
pp. 99-103
Author(s):  
Árpád Szalacsi ◽  
Gergely Király ◽  
Szilvia Veres
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Specific Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Light Condition ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Plant Life ◽  
Sun And Shade ◽  
Opening Process

Specific leaf area (SLA) of English oak (Quercus robur L.) and hornbeam (Carpinus betulus L.) as members of Querco robori-Carpinetum were investigated in two different habitat in terms of gap forest management: in the gap and in the inert forest. The artificial opening process of the forest resulted in more light for growing saplings and need for acclimatization. Photosynthesis is one of the most important ways for plant life and plant production basically influenced by altered light condition resulted in opening process. Efficient photosynthesis is important for plant life, plant production, but species-dependent plasticity of photosynthesis makes one species more tolerant, than others. The specific leaf area is acceptable parameters for characterising plant production, dry matter content and leaf structure. The dry matter content based on known leaf area is higher in oak both sun and shade leaves, than hornbeam. The different place of leaves in the canopy of trees did not influence the values of SLA.

The growth of maize

1978 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 569-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. O. Iremiren ◽  
G. M. Milbourn
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Net Assimilation Rate ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Assimilation Rate ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Net Assimilation

SummaryTotal dry-matter yield of maize silage rose asymptotically as density was increased up to 17 plants/m2. Over the range 11–17 plants/m2, which is generally higher than is used in the U.K., the increase in yield was 1–1·6 t dry matter/ha which can justify the higher seed cost and although there was no adverse affect on time of maturity the risk of lodging increased at the highest density. During the harvest period whilst whole crop dry-matter percentage was rising from 23 to 28%, the ear dry-matter content rose steadily from 29 to 35%, whereas the leaf and stem dry-matter content remained essentially constant and only dried out at a later stage after a frost.Caldera 535 had a higher leaf area index and net assimilation rate than the earlier variety Julia which it outyielded by 15%. The additional yield was mainly stem tissue and the greater vegetative production caused an 11-day delay in reaching the silage stage of maturity (25% crop D.M.). NO differences occurred between density treatments and varieties in the forage quality components considered, namely percentage drymatter digestibility, modified acid-detergent fibre, crude protein and ash. Thus in U.K. conditions, total dry-matter yield exerts an overriding influence on the yields per unit area of these quality constituents. This contrasts with reports from the U.S.A. in which a reduced grain/stover ratio adversely influences silage quality.Removal of the whole ear (including husk and rachis) at an early stage in ear development resulted in a 50% reduction in the final dry-matter yield. In the earless plants, leaf area and net assimilation rate was lower, but the dry-matter content of the leaves and stem was considerably higher, and a marked purple coloration developed indicative of excess starch concentration. These results emphasize the need in maize silage not only for an adequate leaf canopy, best obtained early in the growing season by using high planting density and subsequently by using late maturing varieties, but also for sufficient sink capacity in the ear as well as in the stem fraction.

Reliability of leaf functional traits after delayed measurements

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
Dinesh Thakur ◽  
Lakhbeer Singh ◽  
Amit Chawla
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Western Himalaya ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Leaf Dry Matter Content ◽  
Leaf Functional Traits ◽  
Temporary Storage ◽  
Delayed Measurements ◽  
Stable Leaf

In this study, the effect of temporary storage (at 4°C) on measurement of leaf traits was tested. We collected leaf samples from 25 species, which represented different functional types in the high altitude vegetation of western Himalaya, to measure leaf area (LA), leaf rehydration, specific leaf area (SLA) and leaf dry matter content (LDMC). Repeated trait measurements were performed for up to 7 days. We found that in all the species, LA increased in initial 24 h of rehydration and thereafter remained stable. Leaf rehydration was found to be sensitive to delayed measurements and changed significantly for up to 7 days. For SLA and LDMC, the effect of storage time was significant only for a few species. On the basis of our findings, we recommend that, for samples stored in dark at 4°C, LA, SLA and LDMC can reliably be estimated after a delay of up to 7 days. Further, these key leaf traits should be estimated only after 24 h of rehydration. Also, trait measurements after prolonged rehydration of leaves should be avoided. Outcomes of this study will be beneficial when a large number of samples are collected from locations far away from laboratory and temporary storage is necessitated before trait measurements.

scholarly journals Effect of drought stress and mycorrhizal inoculation on the growth, photosynthetic activity and water use efficiency of leek (Allium porrum L. ‘Gigante Suizo’)

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (8) ◽  
pp. 101-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleš Jezdinský ◽  
Kristína Petříková ◽  
Katalin Slezák ◽  
Robert Pokluda
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Transpiration Rate ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Total Fresh Weight

During the experiments it was examined two irrigation levels: 1. optimal water supply – the irrigation activation by available water capacity (AWC) < 65 %; 2. drought stress – irrigation activation by AWC < 45 %) and inoculation of plants by the vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungusGlomusin leek culture. The effect of treatments on the photosynthetic rate (A), transpiration rate (E), water use efficiency (WUE), biomass production (weight, dry matter content of different plant part), size of pseudostem, leaf area and specific leaf area (SLA) was observed. The drought stress had effect on all observed parameters: it decreased the photosynthetic and transpiration rate (A: from 5.04–5.37 to 3.33–3.43 µmol CO2.m−2. s−1, E: from 1.78–1.91 to 0.99–1.03 mmol H2O. m−2. s−1in the average of 5 measuring date), the weight total fresh weight of plants: from 355–453 g to 152–255 g), and the leaf area, the length and diameter of pseudostem, too. The WUE, the dry matter content and the thickness of leaves increased under stress. In the most parameters, the water supply had stronger effect than the inoculation. The inoculation had positive effect mainly under drought stress: it improved the WUE at 3 measuring time (from 3.45 to 3.50 μmol CO2.mmol H2O−1, in the average of 5 measuring date), increased the weight (total fresh weight of plants: from 152 g to 255 g) and the leaf area (from 0.16 to 0.12 m2).

scholarly journals Leaf dry matter content is better at predicting above‐ground net primary production than specific leaf area

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 1336-1344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Mark Smart ◽  
Helen Catherine Glanville ◽  
Maria del Carmen Blanes ◽  
Lina Maria Mercado ◽  
Bridget Anne Emmett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Specific Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Leaf Dry Matter Content
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