scholarly journals Hippocampal morphometry in sudden and unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alyma Somani ◽  
Anita-Beatrix Zborovschi ◽  
Yan Liu ◽  
Smriti Patodia ◽  
Zuzanna Michalak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Granule Cell ◽  
Hippocampal Sclerosis ◽  
Qualitative Evaluation ◽  
Granule Cell Layer ◽  
Parahippocampal Gyrus ◽  
Unexpected Death ◽  
Cell Dispersion ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Right

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo determine hippocampal morphometric parameters, including granule cell dispersion and features of malrotation, as potential biomarkers for SUDEP from an archival post-mortem series.MethodsIn a retrospective study of 187 archival post-mortems from three groups, SUDEP (68; 14 with hippocampal sclerosis (HS)), non-SUDEP epilepsy controls (EP-C =66; 25 with HS) and non-epilepsy controls (NEC= 53), Nissl/H&E stained sections from left and right hippocampus from five coronal levels were digitised. Image analysis was carried out for granule cell layer (GCL) thickness and measurements of hippocampal dimensions (HD) for shape [width (HD1), height (HD2)] and medial hippocampal positioning in relation to the parahippocampal gyrus (PHG) length (HD3). A qualitative evaluation of hippocampal malrotational (HMAL) features, dentate gyrus invaginations (DGI) and subicular/CA1 folds (SCF) was also made.ResultsGCL thickness was increased in HS more than those without (p<0.001). In non-HS cases increased GCL thickness was noted in EP-C compared to NEC (p<0.05) but not between SUDEP and NEC. There was no significant difference in the frequency of DGI, SCF, measurements of hippocampal shape (HD1, HD2 or ratio) or medial positioning between SUDEP, EP-C and NEC groups, when factoring in HS, coronal level and age at death. Comparison between left and right sides within cases showed significantly greater PHG lengths (HD3) on the right side in the SUDEP group only (p=0.018)ConclusionsNo hippocampal morphometric features were identified in support of either excessive granule cell dispersion or features of HMAL as biomarkers for SUDEP. Asymmetries in PHG measurements in SUDEP warrant further investigation as they may indicate abnormal central autonomic networks.

scholarly journals Hippocampal morphometry in sudden and unexpected death in epilepsy

Neurology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 93 (8) ◽  
pp. e804-e814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alyma Somani ◽  
Anita-Beatrix Zborovschi ◽  
Yan Liu ◽  
Smriti Patodia ◽  
Zuzanna Michalak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Granule Cell ◽  
Hippocampal Sclerosis ◽  
Qualitative Evaluation ◽  
Granule Cell Layer ◽  
Parahippocampal Gyrus ◽  
Unexpected Death ◽  
Cell Dispersion ◽  
Autonomic Networks ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Right

ObjectiveTo determine hippocampal morphometric measures, including granule cell dispersion and features of malrotation, as potential biomarkers for sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) from an archival postmortem series.MethodsIn a retrospective study of 187 archival postmortems from 3 groups, SUDEP (68; 14 with hippocampal sclerosis [HS]), non-SUDEP epilepsy controls (EP-C = 66; 25 with HS), and nonepilepsy controls (NEC = 53), Nissl/hematoxylin & eosin–stained sections from left and right hippocampus from 5 coronal levels were digitized. Image analysis was carried out for granule cell layer (GCL) thickness and measurements of hippocampal dimensions (HD) for shape (width [HD1], height [HD2]) and medial hippocampal positioning in relation to the parahippocampal gyrus (PHG) length (HD3). A qualitative evaluation of hippocampal malrotational (HMAL) features, dentate gyrus invaginations (DGI), and subicular/CA1 folds (SCF) was also made.ResultsGCL thickness was increased in HS more than those without (p < 0.001). In non-HS cases, increased GCL thickness was noted in EP-C compared to NEC (p < 0.05) but not between SUDEP and NEC. There was no difference in the frequency of DGI, SCF, measurements of hippocampal shape (HD1, HD2, or ratio), or medial positioning among SUDEP, EP-C, and NEC groups, when factoring in HS, coronal level, and age at death. Comparison between left and right sides within cases showed greater PHG lengths (HD3) on the right side in the SUDEP group only (p = 0.018).ConclusionsNo hippocampal morphometric features were identified in support of either excessive granule cell dispersion or features of HMAL as definitive biomarkers for SUDEP. Asymmetries in PHG measurements in SUDEP warrant further investigation as they may indicate abnormal central autonomic networks.

scholarly journals In vivo exploration of synaptic projections in frontotemporal dementia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Salmon ◽  
Mohamed Ali Bahri ◽  
Alain Plenevaux ◽  
Guillaume Becker ◽  
Alain Seret ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Frontotemporal Dementia ◽  
Input Function ◽  
Parahippocampal Gyrus ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Social Brain ◽  
Synaptic Density ◽  
Clinical Disorder ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Right

AbstractThe purpose of this exploratory research is to provide data on synaptopathy in the behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD). Twelve patients with probable bvFTD were compared to 12 control participants and 12 patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Loss of synaptic projections was assessed with [18F]UCBH-PET. Total distribution volume was obtained with Logan method using carotid artery derived input function. Neuroimages were analyzed with SPM12. Verbal fluency, episodic memory and awareness of cognitive impairment were equally impaired in patients groups. Compared to controls, [18F]UCBH uptake tended to decrease in the right anterior parahippocampal gyrus of bvFTD patients. Loss of synaptic projections was observed in the right hippocampus of AD participants, but there was no significant difference in [18F]UCBH brain uptake between patients groups. Anosognosia for clinical disorder was correlated with synaptic density in the caudate nucleus and the anteromedial prefrontal cortex. This study suggests that synaptopathy in bvFTD targets the temporal social brain and self-referential processes.

scholarly journals Cell Proliferation and Granule Cell Dispersion in Human Hippocampal Sclerosis

2005 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 194-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Thom ◽  
Lillian Martinian ◽  
Gareth Williams ◽  
Kai Stoeber ◽  
Sanjay M. Sisodiya
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Granule Cell ◽  
Hippocampal Sclerosis ◽  
Cell Dispersion

Endoscopic Transcortical Selective Amygdalohippocampectomy for Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: 2-Dimensional Operative Video

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takehiro Uda ◽  
Toshiyuki Kawashima ◽  
Masato Hattori ◽  
Yuichiro Kojima ◽  
Yuki Mito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hippocampal Sclerosis ◽  
Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy ◽  
Skin Incision ◽  
Cognitive Outcomes ◽  
Parahippocampal Gyrus ◽  
Middle Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Surgical Video ◽  
Selective Amygdalohippocampectomy ◽  
Depth Electrodes ◽  
The Right

Abstract This surgical video shows a 19-yr-old woman with focal impaired awareness seizures. Seizure semiology showed no lateralizing signs. Ictal electroencephalography (EEG) failed to determine the seizure origin. Interictal EEG showed bilateral spike-and-waves at the temporal electrodes. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed suspected hippocampal sclerosis on the right side. To determine the side of the focus, depth electrodes were implanted in both hippocampi. Invasive video EEG identified the seizure origin on the right. The decision was made to perform selective amygdalohippocampectomy (SelAH) via the middle temporal gyrus (MTG). An endoscope was used to minimize the craniotomy and shorten the skin incision.  A 5-cm linear skin incision and 2.5-cm craniotomy were made. A thin tube was inserted to the inferior horn of the lateral ventricle (Inf-H) under neuronavigation to guide the route to the Inf-H. The endoscope was introduced. A 1.5-cm corticotomy was made at the MTG, and white matter was aspirated until opening the Inf-H. The hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus were removed with the usual steps in microsurgical SelAH. The surgical time was 4 h 20 min. The patient was discharged without complications and has remained seizure free.  In addition to the preoperative objectives, using an endoscope widens the surgical view in the Inf-H compared with microsurgical procedures. Although seizure and cognitive outcomes are expected to be comparable to those from other methods of SelAH, invasiveness might be reduced. This appears to represent the first video report of endoscopic SelAH. The patient consented to the procedure and publication of her images and surgical video.

scholarly journals A radiological evaluation of alveolar bone regeneration between the left and right mandibles and maxillae of the Chacma baboon

2016 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marthinus J. Kotze ◽  
Kurt-W. Bütow ◽  
Steve A. Olorunju ◽  
Harry F. Kotze
Keyword(s):  
Healing Rate ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Sufficient Information ◽  
Digital Radiology ◽  
Grey Scale ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Maxilla And Mandible ◽  
The Right

There is a lack of information in comparing the healing rate between the left and right sides of the maxilla and mandible. Osteogenesis of alveolar bone was evaluated with digital radiology by comparing differences in bone density (BD) at different time points within the left and right maxilla and mandible. Alveolar bone defects were created in five healthy Chacma baboons. Standardised x-ray images were acquired over time and the densities of the selected trauma areas were measured pre-operatively, post-operatively and at 3 and 6 weeks post-operatively. Differences in densities were statistically tested. There was no significant difference when the grey scale averages of the combined first and fourth quadrants (right side) and combined second and third quadrants (left side) were compared pre-operatively (t = 0.70), immediately post-operatively (t = 0.34), 3 weeks post-operatively (t = 0.40) and 6 weeks post-operatively (t = 0.66). There was also no significant difference between the values for the first and second quadrants (maxilla) pre-operatively (t = 0.37), immediately post-operatively (t = 0.30), 3 weeks post-operatively (t = 0.30) and 6 weeks post-operatively (t = 0.38); the third and fourth quadrants (mandible) were also not significantly different pre-operatively (t = 0.29), immediately post-operatively (t = 0.69), 3 weeks post-operatively (t = 0.07) and 6 weeks postoperatively (t = 0.06). However, the results showed an increased predisposition of the right side to regenerate faster than the left side and indicated sufficient information to investigate the effect of laterality and preferred side of mastication on the rate of healing and alveolar BD in the maxilla and mandible.

scholarly journals A Study on the Optimization of High School Buildings for Evacuation Safety: Classroom Layout and Ramps in Korea

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 358-368
Author(s):  
Chang-Jun Choi, Ha-Sung Kong
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Grade Level ◽  
School Buildings ◽  
Layout Analysis ◽  
The Third ◽  
School Year ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Evacuation Safety ◽  
The Right

This study used the Pathfinder program to evaluate evacuation safety by assuming evacuation training in high school buildings and changing classroom layout. Analysis of the final evacuation requirements for Scenario 2, which currently has a concentration of classrooms on the third floor of the building, showed that Scenario 2 reduced 29.6 seconds to 173.9 seconds compared to Scenario 1's 203.5 seconds. However, the analysis of Scenario 3, in which 10 classrooms and personnel of three grades were placed equally on the left and right sides of the building, showed that the final evacuation requirements were reduced 3.9 seconds to 170.0 seconds compared to Scenario 2, but there was no significant difference. Scenario 3, which has more the efficiency of school year operation by placing classroom layout on the same floor by grade level than Scenario 2, in which more classrooms and students were placed downstairs. In each scenario, an analysis of the final evacuation requirements showed that the evacuation exit T1 on the left side of the building was 28 seconds or more shorter than T3 on the right side of the building. Therefore, it was analyzed that proper classroom layout and ramp facilities in high school buildings ensure evacuation safety

scholarly journals Changes in the Stiffness of Thigh Muscles in the Left and Right Limbs During Six Weeks of Plyometric Training in Volleyball Players

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 20-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dariusz Mroczek ◽  
Edward Superlak ◽  
Marek Konefał ◽  
Krzysztof Maćkała ◽  
Paweł Chmura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Good Method ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Muscle Stiffness ◽  
Plyometric Training ◽  
Thigh Muscles ◽  
Left Limb ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Volleyball Players ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Right

Abstract Introduction. Monitoring muscle stiffness in athletes can be a good method of assessing fatigue caused by high training loads, and the early detection of fatigue can help prevent the occurrence of micro-trauma in the muscles that can cause contusions. The research carried out by Wilson et al. [1] confirmed that an optimal level of muscle stiffness is significantly correlated with high muscle loads. The aim of the current study was to determine changes in muscle stiffness of the left and right thighs during six weeks of plyometric training (PT) in volleyball players. Material and methods. The study involved 16 volleyball players from the second-league Opole University of Technology Club (age = 21.12 ± 1.66 years, height = 191.62 ± 5.73 cm, and weight = 86.25 ± 6.66 kg) with at least five years of competitive experience (7.5 ± 2.44 years). Muscle stiffness was measured during three stages of the plyometric training using a MYOTON PRO device (Estonia). Results. An RM-ANOVA analysis showed a significant difference in the resting stiffness of the semitendinosus (posterior thigh) muscles of the left and right limbs before the plyometric training began, but no significant differences were found in the stiffness of these muscles in the fourth or sixth weeks of training. The results of the measurement performed for the anterior muscles of the thigh did not reveal a significant difference in the stiffness of the left limb compared to that of the right limb in subsequent weeks of training. Conclusion. The loads used in plyometric training in volleyball players caused a decrease in the differences in muscle stiffness between the left and right limbs, and in both limbs, adaptation trended towards an increase or a decrease in stiffness.

Pulmonary clearance of 99mTc-DTPA: influence of background activity

1988 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 1045-1049 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. Barrowcliffe ◽  
C. Otto ◽  
J. G. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Background Activity ◽  
Left Lung ◽  
Scintillation Detectors ◽  
Half Time ◽  
Left Chest ◽  
Tissue Accumulation ◽  
Pulmonary Clearance ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Right

We examined the effect of intravascular and tissue accumulation of tracer when measuring pulmonary clearance of sodium pertechnetate-labeled diethylenetriamine pentaacetate (99mTc-DTPA). Pigs were intubated with endobronchial tubes, permitting deposition of an aerosol of 99mTc-DTPA only into the left lung. Scintillation detectors recorded radioactivity separately from one thigh and from the lung and chest wall on the left and right side. 99mTc-DTPA was given intravenously after 30 min, so that the chest counts from the left lung could be corrected for background activity in either the right lung or the thigh. The uncorrected clearance half time (t1/2) mean± SE from the left chest was 118.5 ± 14.4 min. When corrected for background activity in the right chest, the t1/2 was 82.1 ± 10.5 min, and when corrected for background activity in the thigh, the t1/2 was 80.9 ± 10.6 min. There was no significant difference between t1/2 corrected by the measurements from the right chest or the thigh, and in four of five animals the corrected t1/2 by either method was significantly different from the uncorrected t1/2 (P less than 0.05). There was no correlation between the uncorrected t1/2 and the magnitude of the required correction. We conclude that correction for intravascular and tissue accumulation of tracer is an important refinement of the technique and can easily be accomplished by measuring accumulation of tracer in the thigh.

Balloon cells associated with granule cell dispersion in the dentate gyrus in hippocampal sclerosis

2008 ◽  
Vol 115 (6) ◽  
pp. 697-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Thom ◽  
L. Martinian ◽  
L. O. Caboclo ◽  
A. W. McEvoy ◽  
S. M. Sisodiya
Keyword(s):  
Dentate Gyrus ◽  
Granule Cell ◽  
Hippocampal Sclerosis ◽  
Balloon Cells ◽  
Cell Dispersion

scholarly journals Lateral comparisons using Fishman's skeletal maturation assessment

2014 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 408-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abraham N. Safer ◽  
Peter Homel ◽  
David D. Chung
Keyword(s):  
Bone Development ◽  
Surgical Patients ◽  
Skeletal Maturation ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Right Hand ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Right

ABSTRACT Objective:  To assess lateral differences between ossification events and stages of bone development in the hands and wrists utilizing Fishman's skeletal maturation indicators (SMIs). Materials and Methods:  The skeletal ages of 125 subjects, aged 8 to 20 years, were determined with left and right hand-wrist radiographs using Fishman's SMI assessment. Each subject was also given the Edinburgh Handedness Questionnaire to assess handedness. The skeletal ages of both hand-wrist radiographs were analyzed against each other, handedness, chronologic age, and gender. Results:  There were no significant differences overall in right and left SMI scores (P  =  .70); 79% of all patients showed no difference in right and left SMI scores, regardless of handedness, gender, or age. However, when patients were categorized based on clinical levels of SMI score for the right hand-wrist, there was a significant difference (P  =  .01) between the SMI 1-3 group and the SMI 11 group. Subjects in the SMI 1-3 group were more likely to show a left &gt; right SMI score, while subjects in the SMI 11 group were likely to show a right &gt; left SMI score. Conclusion:  Although no significant overall lateral differences in SMI scores were noted, it may be advisable to obtain a left hand-wrist radiograph and/or additional diagnostic information to estimate completion of growth in young surgical patients.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document