scholarly journals Cognitive capacity limits are remediated by practice-induced plasticity between the Putamen and Pre-Supplementary Motor Area

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.G. Garner ◽  
M.I. Garrido ◽  
P.E. Dux
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Information Processing ◽  
Information Sharing ◽  
Information Transfer ◽  
Supplementary Motor Area ◽  
Cortical Network ◽  
Motor Area ◽  
Cognitive Capacity ◽  
Capacity Limits ◽  
Stimulus Response

AbstractHumans show striking limitations in information processing when multitasking, yet can modify these limits with practice. Such limitations have been linked to a frontal-parietal network, but recent models of decision-making implicate a striatal-cortical network. We adjudicated these accounts by investigating the circuitry underpinning multitasking in 100 individuals and the plasticity caused by practice. We observed that multitasking costs, and their practice induced remediation, are best explained by modulations in information transfer between the striatum and the cortical areas that represent stimulus-response mappings. Specifically, our results support the view that multitasking stems at least in part from taxation in information sharing between the putamen and pre-supplementary motor area (pre-SMA). Moreover, we propose that modulations to information transfer between these two regions leads to practice-induced improvements in multitasking.Significance statementHumans show striking limitations in information processing when multitasking, yet can modify these limits with practice. Such limitations have been linked to a frontal-parietal network, but recent models of decision-making implicate a striatal-cortical network. We adjudicated these accounts by investigating the circuitry underpinning multitasking in 100 individuals and the plasticity caused by practice. Our results support the view that multitasking stems at least in part from taxation in information sharing between the putamen and pre-supplementary motor area (pre-SMA). We therefore show that models of cognitive capacity limits must consider how subcortical and cortical structures interface to produce cognitive behaviours, and we propose a novel neurophysiological substrate of multitasking limitations.

scholarly journals Disruption of information processing in the supplementary motor area of the MPTP-treated monkey: A clue to the pathophysiology of akinesia?

Brain ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 126 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Escola ◽  
Th. Michelet ◽  
F. Macia ◽  
D. Guehl ◽  
B. Bioulac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Supplementary Motor Area ◽  
Motor Area

Abstract WP216: Cortical Network Dynamics in Acute Ischemic Stroke

Stroke ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginia Liu ◽  
William Winter ◽  
Kate Xie ◽  
Shrey Kanjiya ◽  
George Tran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
Motor System ◽  
Supplementary Motor Area ◽  
Spectral Power ◽  
Network Dynamics ◽  
Cortical Network ◽  
Motor Area ◽  
Eeg Coherence

INTRODUCTION: Measures of brain function are a unique source of insight into stroke effects, but the most commonly used methods (fMRI, PET) are difficult to implement in acutely ill patients, and so little is known about changes in brain function in the days after stroke. Advances in dense-array electroencephalography (dEEG) make possible the study of cortical network dynamics at the bedside. The current study addressed the hypothesis that changes in the motor network are measurable in first days post-stroke, and that these network changes are related to behavioral deficits. METHODS: Nine patients with acute (<120 hours) ischemic stroke underwent dEEG and behavioral testing that included Box & Blocks score (1 min). The dEEG signals from 256 scalp leads were recorded at 1000Hz, along with bilateral forearm EMG, during cued 0.14 Hz wrist flexions. Nine age-matched healthy controls underwent the same assessments. Cortical network dynamics were assessed in the motor system using EEG coherence between leads, focusing on β range (20-30 Hz) signals. Spectral power in this range was also obtained. RESULTS: Patients were 62±13 years old, with median NIHSS score=3 (range 1-12), and could move 26±18 blocks (range 0-50) on the Box & Blocks test, fewer than controls (59±7 blocks, p<0.0001). In patients, as compared to controls, the region overlying ipsilesional hand motor cortex showed increased coherence with [A] contralesional hand motor cortex (0.13±0.06 vs 0.07±0.05, p=0.03) and [B] supplementary motor area (0.27±0.12 vs 0.15±0.07, p=0.02) during flexion of the affected wrist. Spectral power did not differ between groups in these regions. Across all subjects, the magnitude of coherence between hand motor cortex and supplementary motor area was inversely related to Box & Blocks score (r=-0.61, p=0.008). CONCLUSIONS: Assessment of cortical dynamics in the motor system is feasible in the acute stroke setting, with hemiparetic patients demonstrating significantly increased β coherence. Increased EEG coherence between two motor cortex regions after stroke might reflect increased functional connectivity due to the reduced cortical inhibition that is seen early after stroke, effects of deafferentation, or increased input from a common area such as the thalamus.

scholarly journals Striatal role in everyday life and laboratory developed habits

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pasqualina Guida ◽  
Mario Michiels ◽  
Peter Redgrave ◽  
David Luque ◽  
Ignacio Obeso
Keyword(s):  
Nucleus Accumbens ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Neural Circuits ◽  
Supplementary Motor Area ◽  
Motor Area ◽  
Stimulus Response ◽  
Neural Representations ◽  
Significant Stimulus ◽  
Experimental Laboratory ◽  
Life Habits

The dorsolateral striatum plays a major role in stimulus-response habits that are learned in the experimental laboratory. Here, we use meta-analytic procedures to identify the neural circuits activated during the execution of stimulus-response behaviours acquired in everyday-life and those activated by habits acquired in the laboratory. In the case of everyday-life habits we dissociated motor and associative components. We found that motor-dominant stimulus-response associations developed outside the laboratory engaged posterior dorsal putamen, supplementary motor area (SMA) and cerebellum. Associative components were also represented in the posterior putamen. Meanwhile, newly learned habits relied more on the anterior putamen with activation expanding to caudate and nucleus accumbens. Importantly, common neural representations for both naturalistic and laboratory based habits were found in posterior left and anterior right putamen. Our findings suggest a common striatal substrate for behaviours with significant stimulus-response associations, independently of whether they were acquired in the laboratory or everyday-life.

scholarly journals Auditory Decisions in the Supplementary Motor Area

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isaac Morán ◽  
Javier Perez-Orive ◽  
Jonathan Melchor ◽  
Tonatiuh Figueroa ◽  
Luis Lemus
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Supplementary Motor Area ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Motor Area ◽  
Neural Population ◽  
Auditory Stimuli ◽  
Motor Programs ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractIn human speech and communication across various species, recognizing and categorizing sounds is fundamental for the selection of appropriate behaviors. But how does the brain decide which action to perform based on sounds? We explored whether the premotor supplementary motor area (SMA), responsible for linking sensory information to motor programs, also accounts for auditory-driven decision making. To this end, we trained two rhesus monkeys to discriminate between numerous naturalistic sounds and words learned as target (T) or non-target (nT) categories. We demonstrated that the neural population is organized differently during the auditory and the movement periods of the task, implying that it is performing different computations in each period. We found that SMA neurons perform acoustic-decision-related computations that transition from auditory to movement representations in this task. Our results suggest that the SMA integrates sensory information while listening to auditory stimuli in order to form categorical signals that drive behavior.

scholarly journals Neurons in human pre-supplementary motor area encode key computations for value-based choice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomas G Aquino ◽  
Jeffrey Cockburn ◽  
Adam N Mamelak ◽  
Ueli Rutishauser ◽  
John P O'Doherty
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Supplementary Motor Area ◽  
Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
The Other ◽  
Motor Area ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Several Variables ◽  
Decision Variables ◽  
Value Estimation ◽  
Choice Option

Adaptive behavior in real-world environments demands that choices integrate over several variables, including the novelty of the options under consideration, their expected value, and uncertainty in value estimation. We recorded neurons from the human pre-supplementary motor area (preSMA), ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and dorsal anterior cingulate to probe how integration over decision variables occurs during decision-making. In contrast to the other areas, preSMA neurons not only represented separate pre-decision variables for each choice option, but also encoded an integrated utility signal and, subsequently, the decision itself. Conversely, post-decision related encoding of variables for the chosen option was more widely distributed and especially prominent in vmPFC. Our findings position the human preSMA as central to the implementation of value-based decisions.

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