scholarly journals Multiparasitism among Schoolchildren of Akonolinga, Nyong et Mfoumou Division, Centre Region of Cameroon

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin G. Oyono ◽  
Leopold G. Lehman ◽  
Samuel Fosso ◽  
C. F. Bilong Bilong
Keyword(s):  
Ascaris Lumbricoides ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
School Age ◽  
Centre Region ◽  
Sub Saharan

AbstractIn Sub-Saharan Africa, school-age children are the most vulnerable to parasitic infections and are particularly exposed to multi-parasitism and its potential consequences. This study aimed at determining the intensity of multi-parasitism in Nyong et Mfoumou Division and identifying its determinants. A cross-sectional study took place from September 2017 to July 2018 among pupils of five (05) government schools from the Nyong et Mfoumou Division. Stool samples were collected from each child and examined for protozoan cysts, helminth eggs and larva while blood samples were collected for detection of Plasmodium spp and filarial blood stages. In addition, socio-demographic and school environment related information were documented. In total, 416 schoolchildren were recruited; out of which 309 (74.28%) were infected by at least one parasite species. 13 parasite species were found: 03 hemoparasites and 10 intestinal parasites. Plasmodium falciparum was the main hemoparasite (37.26%). Amongst intestinal parasites, Entamoeba coli were the most common among protozoa (29.33%) and Ascaris lumbricoides among helminths (21.39%). The frequency of multi-parasitism was 44.47% and the average species reach was 1.43 ± 0.01 per individual. Four types of multi-parasitism were found (bi-parasitism, tri-parasitism, quadri-parasitism and penta-parasitism); the bi-parasitism (26.68%) was the most common. Significantly statistic associations were found between parasite species such as: Entamoeba coli, Entamoeba histolytica/dispar, Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichirus trichiura and Mansonella perstans and can generally be explained by the same means of transmission. We conclude that the intensity of multiparasitism among schoolchildren in Nyong et Mfoumou Division is high with predominance in rural areas.Author SummaryEverywhere in Sub-Saharan Africa, school-age children are most vulnerable to parasitic infections, and in higher risk of multiparasitism and its potential consequences. Here, we report results obtained from pupils aged from 4 to 15 years from the Nyong et Mfoumou Division in the Centre Region of Cameroon. Amongst these pupils, 74.28% were infected with one parasite specie at least and 13 parasite species were found in the study area. The highest frequency, 37.26%, was found for Plasmodium falciparum. Entamoeba coli (29.33%) and Ascaris lumbricoides (21.39%) were the most common intestinal protozoa and helminth respectively. The frequency of multiparasitism was 44.47%; 26.68% participants harbored two parasites species concurrently and the maximum number of parasites harbored by one host individual was 5. The risk of multiparasitism was significantly higher for females, schoolchildren aged from 8 to 11 years and those living in rural areas. We conclude that the frequency of multiparasitism is higher in the Nyong et Mfoumou Division. These findings could be helpful in defining and implementing more effective parasitic diseases control strategies.

scholarly journals Multiparasitism among Schoolchildren of Akonolinga, Nyong et Mfoumou Division, Centre Region of Cameroon

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
Martin Gael Oyono ◽  
Leopold Gustave Lehman ◽  
Samuel Fosso ◽  
Charles Félix Bilong Bilong
Keyword(s):  
Ascaris Lumbricoides ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Blood Parasites ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
General School

In general, school-age children are the most vulnerable to parasitic infections and are particularly exposed to multi-parasitism and its potential consequences. This study aimed at determining the intensity of multi-parasitism in Nyong et Mfoumou Division. A cross-sectional study took place from September 2017 to July 2018 among pupils of five (05) government schools from the Nyong et Mfoumou Division. Stool samples were collected from each child and examined for protozoan cysts, helminth eggs and larva while blood samples were collected for detection of Plasmodium sp. and filarial blood stages. In addition, socio-demographic information were documented. In total, 416 schoolchildren were recruited; out of which 309 (74.28%) were infected by at least one parasite species. 13 parasite species were found: 03 blood parasites and 10 intestinal parasites. Plasmodium falciparum was the main blood parasite (37.26%). Amongst intestinal parasites, Entamoeba coli were the most common among protozoa (29.33%) and Ascaris lumbricoides among helminths (21.39%). The frequency of multi-parasitism was 44.47% and the average species reach was 1.43 ± 0.01 per individual. Four types of multi-parasitism were found (bi-parasitism, tri-parasitism, quadri-parasitism and penta-parasitism); the bi-parasitism (26.68%) was the most common. Significantly statistic associations were found between parasite species such as: Entamoeba coli, Entamoeba histolytica/dispar, Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura can be explained by the same means of transmission. Association between Ascaris lumbricoides and Mansonella perstans could be a synergic interaction between these parasites. We conclude that the intensity of multiparasitism among schoolchildren in Nyong et Mfoumou Division is high with predominance in rural areas.

scholarly journals Supplying Basic Education and Learning to Sub-Saharan Africa in the Twenty-First Century

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 181
Author(s):  
Idowu Biao
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Basic Education ◽  
First Century ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
School Students ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Primary School Age

This article posits that schooling in Sub-Saharan Africa has so far failed to yield the results expected of it on twogrounds. First, the population of persons accessing both basic education and other levels of education is negligible incomparison with those who ought to access them (1 out of every 4 primary school age children; less than half of thequalified secondary school students; about 7% gross enrolment within higher education). Second, schooling hasfailed to deliver the kind of socio-economic development expected in the case of Sub-Saharan Africa as a highprevalence of poverty still exists and incongruity continues to exist between the education provided and thelivelihoods of Sub-Saharan Africans. Using this poor educational and development performance as justification, amore utilitarian, relevant and sustainable approach to basic education and learning is recommended for Africa goingforward. This recommended approach combines both the current school system with a special non-formal educationsystem for the purpose of delivering basic education and learning in Sub-Saharan Africa in the twenty-first century.

scholarly journals Intestinal parasitic infections and determinant factors among school age children in Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Awrajaw Dessie ◽  
Tesfay Gebregzabher ◽  
Berihu Kiros ◽  
Sintayehu Daba Wami ◽  
Daniel Haile Chercos
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Northern Ethiopia ◽  
School Age ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Intestinal Parasitic Infections ◽  
Determinant Factors ◽  
Finger Nail

Abstract [EXSCINDED] Abstract Abstract Abstract Abstract Abstract Abstract Abstract Objective The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections and associated factors among school children in Sebeya primary school, Northern Ethiopia, 2017.Results The prevalence of intestinal parasites in school age children was (29.9%). E.histolytica/dispar 62 (49.21%), G.lamblia 28 (22.22%), and A. lumbricoides 23 (18.25%) were the most prevalent parasitic organisms identified. Unclean finger nail (AOR= 1.72), defecating in the open field (AOR=2.82), and being barefooted (AOR=1.72) were the determinant factors for intestinal parasitic infections. Frequently washing hands reduced the chance of infections by 68%. Furthermore, children in grade 1-4 and 5-6 had higher odds developing the infections than those in grade 7-8 (AOR=8.21 and AOR=2.50, respectively).

scholarly journals Epidemiology of intestinal parasitic infections in Ethiopian children: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeleke Mekonnen ◽  
Yonas Alemu ◽  
Daniel Emana ◽  
Legese Chelkeba
Keyword(s):  
Web Of Science ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
School Age ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Intestinal Parasitic Infections ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
Males And Females

Abstract Background : Numerous studies have been carried out on assessing the prevalence of intestinal parasites infections (IPIs) among preschool and school age children in Ethiopia, however, there was no study to gather and systematically analyze this information for policy makers. Methods : We searched Medline via PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Web of Science (ISI), and Google Scholar and local peer-reviewed journals published from inception to 2019 for studies describing prevalence of IPIs among preschool and school age children. We conducted meta-regression to understand the trend and the source of heterogeneity and pooled the prevalence using ‘metaprop’ command using STATA software (Intercooled, version 14, STATA Corp, College Station, TX). Results : Eighty three (83) studies examining 56,786 fecal specimens were included. The prevalence of IPIs was 48 %( 95%CI: 42% to 53%) and showed a gradual, but significantly decreasing trends 17% (95% CI: 2.5% to 32%) for each consecutive 6 years) and was similar in males and females. The pooled prevalence in years 1997–2002, 2003–2008, 2009–2014 and >2014 was 71% (95% CI: 57% to 86%), 42% (95% CI: 27% to 56%), 48% (95% CI: 40% to 56%) and 42% (95% CI: 34% to 49%), respectively. Poly-parasitism was observed in 16% (95% CI: 13% to 19 %,) of children while, single parasite infection was observed in 36 %( 95% CI: 30% to 41%). Conclusion: IPIs are highly prevalent and well distributed across the regional states of Ethiopia. Southern and Amhara regional states carry the highest burden. We observed a gradual, but significant decreasing trends in prevalence of IPIs among Ethiopian children over the last two decades.

scholarly journals Parasite Contamination of Freshly Harvested Vegetables from Selected Markets Located within Kano Metropolis

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rabiu I ◽  
Jamilu ZA ◽  
Adamu HI ◽  
Muhammad U
Keyword(s):  
Ascaris Lumbricoides ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Giardia Intestinalis ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Vegetable Samples ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Eggs And Larvae ◽  
Different Water Sources ◽  
Root Vegetables

Nigeria is among the countries with the highest population cases of infections with intestinal parasites in sub-Saharan Africa. The increase in consumption of leafy and root vegetables by population in Kano metropolis necessitated the need for a study to assess the types and scope of these parasitic organisms in vegetables consume in urban Kano. Vegetables produce obtained from most markets within Kano metropolis are mostly sourced from nearby irrigation farms that used relatively contaminated waters which provides suitable growth condition for disease causing organisms. This research study determines the presence of parasites of health importance and their level of contamination in selected vegetables (cabbage, lettuce Cucumber, carrot and onions) sold at various markets in Kano metropolis. Vegetable samples were purchased randomly under normal purchased conditions and about 200g each was weighed and washed according to the generally used method for washing vegetables. The samples were eluted followed by sonication in an already prepared buffered solution, filtered and examined for the presence of cysts, oocysts, and helminthes eggs and larvae. The eggs/cysts of Ascaris lumbricoides, Entamoeba species, Giardia intestinalis and Trichuiris species were observed. Among all the four markets involved in the study, “GanaKwari market recorded the highest number of eggs/cysts, been present in all the samples, followed by Kwa-kwaci Market with the presence of eggs/cysts in all the samples excluding cabbage. These are followed by Kofar Naisa market with all the samples contaminated but with less number of eggs/cysts. However, Sharada market recorded the lowest level of contaminants with only three of the samples containing eggs/cysts. However, among all the (5) samples collected, onions recorded the highest contamination, followed by cabbage and lettuce having the same, then cucumber and lastly carrots. The variation in the level of contamination among these markets may be attributed to the market type and the different water sources and means of display of these vegetables.

scholarly journals Intestinal parasitic infections and determinant factors among school age children in Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Awrajaw Dessie ◽  
Tesfay Gebregzabher ◽  
Berihu Kiros ◽  
Sintayehu Daba Wami ◽  
Daniel Haile Chercos
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Northern Ethiopia ◽  
School Age ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Intestinal Parasitic Infections ◽  
Determinant Factors ◽  
Finger Nail

Abstract [EXSCINDED] Objective The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections and associated factors among school children in Sobeya primary school, Northern Ethiopia, 2017.Results The prevalence of intestinal parasites in school age children was (29.9%). E.histolytica/dispar 62 (49.21%), G.lamblia 28 (22.22%), and A. lumbricoides 23 (18.25%) were the most prevalent parasitic organisms identified. Unclean finger nail (AOR= 1.72), defecating in the open field (AOR=2.82), and being barefooted (AOR=1.72) were the determinant factors for intestinal parasitic infections. Frequently washing hands reduced the chance of infections by 68%. Furthermore, children in grade 1-4 and 5-6 had higher odds developing the infections than those in grade 7-8 (AOR=8.21 and AOR=2.50, respectively).

scholarly journals Epidemiology of intestinal parasitic infections in Ethiopian children: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Legese Chelkeba ◽  
Zeleke Mekonnen ◽  
Yonas Alemu ◽  
Daniel Emana
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
School Age ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
Parasite Infections ◽  
Risk Areas

Abstract Background : Numerous studies have been carried out on assessing the prevalence of intestinal parasites infections (IPIs) among preschool and school-age children in Ethiopia, but there is lack of study systematically gathered and analyzedinformation for policymakers. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to provide a summary on prevalence, geographical distribution and trends of IPIs among preschool and school-age childrenin Ethiopia. Methods :The search were carried out in Medline via PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Web of Science, and Google Scholar from 1996to July2019 for studies describing prevalence of IPIs among preschooland school-age children. We conducted meta-regression to understand the trends and the source of heterogeneity and pooled the prevalence using ‘metaprop’ command using STATA software version 14. Results : Eighty-three(83) studies examining 56,786 fecal specimens were included. The prevalence of IPIs was 48 %( 95%CI: 42% to 53%) and showedsignificantly decreasing trends 17% (95% CI: 2.5% to 32%) for each consecutive 6 years) and was similar in males and females. The pooled prevalence in years 1997–2002, 2003–2008, 2009–2014 and >2014 was 71% (95% CI: 57% to 86%), 42% (95% CI: 27% to 56%), 48% (95% CI: 40% to 56%) and 42% (95% CI: 34% to 49%), respectively. Poly-parasitism was observed in 16% (95% CI: 13% to 19 %,) of the cases. Conclusion: Intestinal parasite infections are highly prevalent among preschool and school-age children and well distributed across the regional states of Ethiopia. Southern and Amhara regional states carry the highest burden.We observed significant decreasing trends in prevalence of IPIs among preschool and school-age Ethiopian children over the last two decades.Therefore, this study is important to locate the geographical distribution and identified high risk areas that should be prioritized further interventions, which complement global efforts towards elimination of IPIs infections by 2020

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