scholarly journals Soil transmitted helminth infections and schistosomiasis in school age children in sub-Saharan Africa: Efficacy of chemotherapeutic intervention since World Health Assembly Resolution 2001

2010 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Uneke
Keyword(s):  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
World Health ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
World Health Assembly ◽  
Helminth Infections ◽  
World Health Assembly Resolution ◽  
Sub Saharan

scholarly journals Supplying Basic Education and Learning to Sub-Saharan Africa in the Twenty-First Century

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 181
Author(s):  
Idowu Biao
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Basic Education ◽  
First Century ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
School Students ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Primary School Age

This article posits that schooling in Sub-Saharan Africa has so far failed to yield the results expected of it on twogrounds. First, the population of persons accessing both basic education and other levels of education is negligible incomparison with those who ought to access them (1 out of every 4 primary school age children; less than half of thequalified secondary school students; about 7% gross enrolment within higher education). Second, schooling hasfailed to deliver the kind of socio-economic development expected in the case of Sub-Saharan Africa as a highprevalence of poverty still exists and incongruity continues to exist between the education provided and thelivelihoods of Sub-Saharan Africans. Using this poor educational and development performance as justification, amore utilitarian, relevant and sustainable approach to basic education and learning is recommended for Africa goingforward. This recommended approach combines both the current school system with a special non-formal educationsystem for the purpose of delivering basic education and learning in Sub-Saharan Africa in the twenty-first century.

scholarly journals Landscape analysis – assessing countries' readiness to scale up nutrition actions in the WHO African region

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (52) ◽  
pp. 6260-6273
Author(s):  
U Trübswasser ◽  
◽  
C Nishida ◽  
K Engesveen ◽  
F Coulibaly-Zerbo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Child Nutrition ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Landscape Analysis ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
World Health ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
African Region ◽  
Human Resource Capacity ◽  
World Health Assembly Resolution ◽  
Sub Saharan

The purpose of this paper is to describe the use of the Landscape Analysis to assess strengths and weaknesses in combating malnutrition in Sub-Saharan Africa. The Landscape Analysis is an inter-agency initiative to assess gaps and constraints and to identify opportunities for effective nutrition actions in order to accelerate intersectoral action for improving nutrition. In-depth Country Assessments to evaluate countries' "readiness" to scale up nutrition action have been conducted since 2008 in Sub-Saharan Africa. "Readiness" was assessed in terms of the commitment and capacity of each country and the focus was high stunting burden countries. The main focus was countries with heavy burden of undernutrition. From 2008 to September 2011, a total of 14 countries had undertaken the Landscape Analysis Country Assessment. Nine of them were in Africa: Burkina Faso, Comoros, Cote d’Ivoire, Ethiopia, Ghana, Madagascar, Mali, Mozambique, and South Africa. Three additional countries (Guinea, Namibia and Tanzania) were also planning to complete the Landscape Analysis Country Assessment in early 2012. From the findings in the nine countries, the following recommendations have been made: • Existing nutrition architectures and coordination mechanisms should be strengthened and better utilized; • Nutrition needs to be mainstreamed and integrated in relevant sector policies; • Advocacy at high levels is needed to highlight the importance of the lifecourse perspective, focusing particularly on nutrition interventions from preconception until the first two years of life; • National nutrition policies need to be translated into programmatic actions; • Human resource capacity for public health nutrition needs to be built with high quality in-service trainings in the short-term and long-term strategies to provide pre-service trainings; • Community-based outreach should be strengthened by using existing channels; • National nutrition surveillance systems need to be strengthened to ensure adequate use of data for monitoring, evaluation, and planning purposes. As part of the implementation of the 2010 World Health Assembly resolution on Infant and Young Child Nutrition (WHA 63.23) WHO has proposed a process to help countries in developing scale-up plans, which incorporates the Landscape Analysis Country Assessment as a tool to help countries in undertaking the initial context mapping. The countries that have already undertaken an in-depth Country Assessment, such as the Landscape Analysis Country Assessment, are ready to move forward in implementing the next steps in developing scaling-up plans to accelerate action in nutrition. At the same time, WHO will support additional countries that have expressed interest in conducting the Country Assessment.

scholarly journals Schistosoma and Other Relevant Helminth Infections in HIV-Positive Individuals—an Overview

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amrei von Braun ◽  
Henning Trawinski ◽  
Sebastian Wendt ◽  
Christoph Lübbert
Keyword(s):  
Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Helminth Infections ◽  
Helminthic Infections ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Hiv Acquisition

For many years, researchers have postulated that helminthic infections may increase susceptibility to HIV, and that immune activation may have contributed to the extensive spread of HIV in sub-Saharan Africa. In the meantime, immunological studies have provided some evidence in support of this hypothesis, while cross-sectional clinical studies were able to further support the assumed association between HIV infection and selected helminthic co-infections. However, as many of the helminthic infections relevant to HIV-infected patients belong to the group of “neglected tropical diseases”, as defined by the World Health Organization, a certain lack of attention has inhibited progress in fully scaling up treatment and prevention efforts. In addition, despite the fact that the challenges of co-infections have preoccupied clinicians for over two decades, relevant research questions remain unanswered. The following review aims to provide a concise overview of associations between HIV and selected helminthic co-infections concerning aspects of HIV acquisition and transmission, clinical and immunological findings in co-infected individuals, as well as treatment and prevention efforts.

scholarly journals A review of the control of schistosomiasis in South Africa

2015 ◽  
Vol Volume 111 (Number 11/12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kundai Magaisa ◽  
Myra Taylor ◽  
Eyrun F. Kjetland ◽  
Panjasaram J. Naidoo ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Control Programme ◽  
World Health ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
School Age ◽  
World Health Assembly Resolution ◽  
The World ◽  
Female Genital

Abstract Schistosomiasis is the second most important tropical disease in the world in terms of public health impact. In South Africa, more than 4 million people are estimated to be infected with schistosomiasis. School-age children usually have the highest prevalence and intensity of infection. Schistosoma haematobium may result in female genital schistosomiasis which presents as inflammation and ulceration of the genital mucosa and pathological blood vessels. These effects may increase the susceptibility of women with female genital schistosomiasis to HIV. Praziquantel is the drug used to treat schistosomiasis and it is best to treat people during the early stages of infection, before female genital schistosomiasis presents as lesions and sandy patches, as there currently is no treatment for these symptoms. Schistosomiasis is not regarded as a serious public health issue in South Africa despite evidence revealing the seriousness of the disease. In areas endemic for schistosomiasis, the World Health Organization recommends regular mass treatment of all school-age children. In 2001, South Africa became a signatory to the World Health Assembly resolution 54.19 which urged all member states to achieve the minimum goal of 75% treatment coverage in school-age children at risk by 2010. This goal was not achieved in South Africa, despite efforts made by the Department of Health, such as the first statutory school-based geohelminth control programme in the province of KwaZulu-Natal. However, this programme has not been continued. Therefore, there is still much work to be done in order to control and decrease the prevalence of schistosomiasis in endemic areas.

scholarly journals Multiparasitism among Schoolchildren of Akonolinga, Nyong et Mfoumou Division, Centre Region of Cameroon

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin G. Oyono ◽  
Leopold G. Lehman ◽  
Samuel Fosso ◽  
C. F. Bilong Bilong
Keyword(s):  
Ascaris Lumbricoides ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
School Age ◽  
Centre Region ◽  
Sub Saharan

AbstractIn Sub-Saharan Africa, school-age children are the most vulnerable to parasitic infections and are particularly exposed to multi-parasitism and its potential consequences. This study aimed at determining the intensity of multi-parasitism in Nyong et Mfoumou Division and identifying its determinants. A cross-sectional study took place from September 2017 to July 2018 among pupils of five (05) government schools from the Nyong et Mfoumou Division. Stool samples were collected from each child and examined for protozoan cysts, helminth eggs and larva while blood samples were collected for detection of Plasmodium spp and filarial blood stages. In addition, socio-demographic and school environment related information were documented. In total, 416 schoolchildren were recruited; out of which 309 (74.28%) were infected by at least one parasite species. 13 parasite species were found: 03 hemoparasites and 10 intestinal parasites. Plasmodium falciparum was the main hemoparasite (37.26%). Amongst intestinal parasites, Entamoeba coli were the most common among protozoa (29.33%) and Ascaris lumbricoides among helminths (21.39%). The frequency of multi-parasitism was 44.47% and the average species reach was 1.43 ± 0.01 per individual. Four types of multi-parasitism were found (bi-parasitism, tri-parasitism, quadri-parasitism and penta-parasitism); the bi-parasitism (26.68%) was the most common. Significantly statistic associations were found between parasite species such as: Entamoeba coli, Entamoeba histolytica/dispar, Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichirus trichiura and Mansonella perstans and can generally be explained by the same means of transmission. We conclude that the intensity of multiparasitism among schoolchildren in Nyong et Mfoumou Division is high with predominance in rural areas.Author SummaryEverywhere in Sub-Saharan Africa, school-age children are most vulnerable to parasitic infections, and in higher risk of multiparasitism and its potential consequences. Here, we report results obtained from pupils aged from 4 to 15 years from the Nyong et Mfoumou Division in the Centre Region of Cameroon. Amongst these pupils, 74.28% were infected with one parasite specie at least and 13 parasite species were found in the study area. The highest frequency, 37.26%, was found for Plasmodium falciparum. Entamoeba coli (29.33%) and Ascaris lumbricoides (21.39%) were the most common intestinal protozoa and helminth respectively. The frequency of multiparasitism was 44.47%; 26.68% participants harbored two parasites species concurrently and the maximum number of parasites harbored by one host individual was 5. The risk of multiparasitism was significantly higher for females, schoolchildren aged from 8 to 11 years and those living in rural areas. We conclude that the frequency of multiparasitism is higher in the Nyong et Mfoumou Division. These findings could be helpful in defining and implementing more effective parasitic diseases control strategies.

scholarly journals Helminth infections and micronutrients in school-age children: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 99 (6) ◽  
pp. 1499-1509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brechje de Gier ◽  
Maiza Campos Ponce ◽  
Margot van de Bor ◽  
Colleen M Doak ◽  
Katja Polman
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Helminth Infections

scholarly journals Elimination ofOnchocerca volvulusTransmission in the Huehuetenango Focus of Guatemala

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Cruz-Ortiz ◽  
Rodrigo J. Gonzalez ◽  
Kim A. Lindblade ◽  
Frank O. Richards ◽  
Mauricio Sauerbrey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Segment ◽  
Onchocerca Volvulus ◽  
World Health ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Mass Treatment ◽  
Eligible Population ◽  
Transmission Interruption ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Transmission Status

In Latin America, onchocerciasis is targeted for elimination by 2012 through twice-yearly mass treatment of the eligible population with ivermectin. In Guatemala, two of the four historical endemic foci have demonstrated elimination of transmission, following World Health Organization guidelines. Using established guidelines ophthalmological, serological, and entomological evaluations were conducted in 2007-8 to determine the transmission status of onchocerciasis in the Huehuetenango focus. The prevalence ofOnchocerca volvulusmicrofilariae in the anterior segment of the eye in 365 residents was 0% (95% confidence interval [CI] 0–0.8%), the prevalence of infection ofO. volvulusinSimulium ochraceumamong 8252 flies collected between November 2007 and April 2008 was 0% (95% CI 0–0.02%), and the prevalence of antibodies to a recombinantO. volvulusantigen in 3118 school age children was 0% (95% CI 0–0.1%). These results showed transmission interruption; thus, in 2009 mass treatment was halted and posttreatment surveillance began. To verify for potential recrudescence an entomological evaluation (from December 2010 to April 2011) was conducted during the 2nd and 3rd year of posttreatment surveillance. A total of 4587S. ochraceumwere collected, and the prevalence of infection ofO. volvuluswas 0% (95% CI 0–0.04%). Transmission of onchocerciasis in the Huehuetenango focus has been eliminated.

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