scholarly journals Parasite Contamination of Freshly Harvested Vegetables from Selected Markets Located within Kano Metropolis

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rabiu I ◽  
Jamilu ZA ◽  
Adamu HI ◽  
Muhammad U
Keyword(s):  
Ascaris Lumbricoides ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Giardia Intestinalis ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Vegetable Samples ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Eggs And Larvae ◽  
Different Water Sources ◽  
Root Vegetables

Nigeria is among the countries with the highest population cases of infections with intestinal parasites in sub-Saharan Africa. The increase in consumption of leafy and root vegetables by population in Kano metropolis necessitated the need for a study to assess the types and scope of these parasitic organisms in vegetables consume in urban Kano. Vegetables produce obtained from most markets within Kano metropolis are mostly sourced from nearby irrigation farms that used relatively contaminated waters which provides suitable growth condition for disease causing organisms. This research study determines the presence of parasites of health importance and their level of contamination in selected vegetables (cabbage, lettuce Cucumber, carrot and onions) sold at various markets in Kano metropolis. Vegetable samples were purchased randomly under normal purchased conditions and about 200g each was weighed and washed according to the generally used method for washing vegetables. The samples were eluted followed by sonication in an already prepared buffered solution, filtered and examined for the presence of cysts, oocysts, and helminthes eggs and larvae. The eggs/cysts of Ascaris lumbricoides, Entamoeba species, Giardia intestinalis and Trichuiris species were observed. Among all the four markets involved in the study, “GanaKwari market recorded the highest number of eggs/cysts, been present in all the samples, followed by Kwa-kwaci Market with the presence of eggs/cysts in all the samples excluding cabbage. These are followed by Kofar Naisa market with all the samples contaminated but with less number of eggs/cysts. However, Sharada market recorded the lowest level of contaminants with only three of the samples containing eggs/cysts. However, among all the (5) samples collected, onions recorded the highest contamination, followed by cabbage and lettuce having the same, then cucumber and lastly carrots. The variation in the level of contamination among these markets may be attributed to the market type and the different water sources and means of display of these vegetables.

scholarly journals Multiparasitism among Schoolchildren of Akonolinga, Nyong et Mfoumou Division, Centre Region of Cameroon

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin G. Oyono ◽  
Leopold G. Lehman ◽  
Samuel Fosso ◽  
C. F. Bilong Bilong
Keyword(s):  
Ascaris Lumbricoides ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
School Age ◽  
Centre Region ◽  
Sub Saharan

AbstractIn Sub-Saharan Africa, school-age children are the most vulnerable to parasitic infections and are particularly exposed to multi-parasitism and its potential consequences. This study aimed at determining the intensity of multi-parasitism in Nyong et Mfoumou Division and identifying its determinants. A cross-sectional study took place from September 2017 to July 2018 among pupils of five (05) government schools from the Nyong et Mfoumou Division. Stool samples were collected from each child and examined for protozoan cysts, helminth eggs and larva while blood samples were collected for detection of Plasmodium spp and filarial blood stages. In addition, socio-demographic and school environment related information were documented. In total, 416 schoolchildren were recruited; out of which 309 (74.28%) were infected by at least one parasite species. 13 parasite species were found: 03 hemoparasites and 10 intestinal parasites. Plasmodium falciparum was the main hemoparasite (37.26%). Amongst intestinal parasites, Entamoeba coli were the most common among protozoa (29.33%) and Ascaris lumbricoides among helminths (21.39%). The frequency of multi-parasitism was 44.47% and the average species reach was 1.43 ± 0.01 per individual. Four types of multi-parasitism were found (bi-parasitism, tri-parasitism, quadri-parasitism and penta-parasitism); the bi-parasitism (26.68%) was the most common. Significantly statistic associations were found between parasite species such as: Entamoeba coli, Entamoeba histolytica/dispar, Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichirus trichiura and Mansonella perstans and can generally be explained by the same means of transmission. We conclude that the intensity of multiparasitism among schoolchildren in Nyong et Mfoumou Division is high with predominance in rural areas.Author SummaryEverywhere in Sub-Saharan Africa, school-age children are most vulnerable to parasitic infections, and in higher risk of multiparasitism and its potential consequences. Here, we report results obtained from pupils aged from 4 to 15 years from the Nyong et Mfoumou Division in the Centre Region of Cameroon. Amongst these pupils, 74.28% were infected with one parasite specie at least and 13 parasite species were found in the study area. The highest frequency, 37.26%, was found for Plasmodium falciparum. Entamoeba coli (29.33%) and Ascaris lumbricoides (21.39%) were the most common intestinal protozoa and helminth respectively. The frequency of multiparasitism was 44.47%; 26.68% participants harbored two parasites species concurrently and the maximum number of parasites harbored by one host individual was 5. The risk of multiparasitism was significantly higher for females, schoolchildren aged from 8 to 11 years and those living in rural areas. We conclude that the frequency of multiparasitism is higher in the Nyong et Mfoumou Division. These findings could be helpful in defining and implementing more effective parasitic diseases control strategies.

scholarly journals Personal hygiene practices and socio-economic conditions as influential factors for intestinal parasitic infection in Dhaka city dwellers

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-136
Author(s):  
Md Aminul Islam Bhuiyan ◽  
Zannatun Nahar Jhinu ◽  
Jaliluzzaman ◽  
Mandira Mukutmoni
Keyword(s):  
Entamoeba Histolytica ◽  
Ascaris Lumbricoides ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Trichuris Trichiura ◽  
Giardia Intestinalis ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Variable Degree ◽  
Hygiene Practices

A total of 200 stool samples were examined and five species of intestinal parasites were identified. Two of them were protozoans (Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia intestinalis) and the rest of which three species were nematode parasites (Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura and Strongyloids stercoralis). The overall prevalence of parasitic infection was 50%. Individually the prevalence of Ascaris lumbricoides, Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia intestinalis, Trichuris trichiura and Strongyloids stercoralis was 25%, 13%, 6%, 3.5% and 2.5%, respectively. Patients of different age and sex had a variable degree of infection. Children aged under ten years showed the highest prevalence (73.97%) compared to other groups. Accordingly, male patients were found slightly more susceptible to the infection (50.38%) compared to the female (49.29%). People belonging to different occupation and educational qualification had various degree of infection. As expected patients who had no education and poor monthly income, showed the highest prevalence of infection, 77.77% and 90%, respectively. Personal hygiene practices of the patients had much influence on the parasitic prevalence and rate of infection. Respectively 58.82%, 91.42%, 80% and 63.55% prevalence were found among the patients who used to drink unsafe water, wash hands without soap, stay barefooted most of the time and do not trim their nails regularly. The present study supposed to reveal that socioeconomic conditions and behavioral factors may influence the prevalence of parasitic infections. Bangladesh J. Zool. 47(1): 129-136, 2019

scholarly journals Occurrence of intestinal parasites among the teachers, students and staffs of Dhaka University

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamida Khanum ◽  
Farzana Rahman ◽  
Rimi Farhana Zaman
Keyword(s):  
Entamoeba Histolytica ◽  
Ascaris Lumbricoides ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Trichuris Trichiura ◽  
Giardia Intestinalis ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Intestinal Protozoa

The present study was conducted to find out the incidence of the intestinal parasites and their prevalence among the teachers, students and staffs of University of Dhaka, Bangladesh. The study revealed that the prevalence of intestinal protozoa and helminth parasites are common among the outdoor patients of University of Dhaka. A total of 350 stool samples was examined in the Pathology department of Medical Center of University of Dhaka from June 2009 to May 2010, four species of intestinal parasites were identified of which two species were protozoa (Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia intestinalis) and two species were nematodes (Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura). The overall prevalence of infestation was 23.14% where Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia intestinalis, Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura were found as 4.86%, 3.71%, 11.14% and 3.43% respectively. Highest prevalence was recorded in Ascaris lumbricoides (11.14%) and the seasonal pattern showed that highest (30%) prevalence occurred in rainy season and lowest (17.19%) in winter season. The prevalence of intestinal parasites was higher in female (30.56%) than in male (22.29%). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jasbs.v39i2.17863 J. Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 39(2): 239-246, December 2013

scholarly journals Urban versus rural prevalence of intestinal parasites using multi-parallel qPCR in Colombia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia E Bryan ◽  
Marcela Romero ◽  
Miryan Sanchez ◽  
Giovanny Torres ◽  
Wilber Gomez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ascaris Lumbricoides ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Parasite Burden ◽  
Strongyloides Stercoralis ◽  
Urban Slum ◽  
Trichuris Trichiura ◽  
Giardia Intestinalis ◽  
Epidemiologic Surveillance ◽  
Blastocystis Spp

Stool samples from 122 children from urban slum (n = 72) and rural (n = 50) areas were analyzed using multi-parallel real-time qPCR to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasites from two communities in Colombia. Findings indicated a prevalence of 86.1% Blastocystis spp., 62.5% Giardia intestinalis, 19.4% Cryptosporidium spp., 19.4% Ascaris lumbricoides, and 5.6% Trichuris trichiura in an urban slum; and 76% Blastocystis spp., 68% Giardia intestinalis, 20% Entamoeba histolytica, 50% Ascaris lumbricoides, 46% Trichuris trichiura and 2% Strongyloides stercoralis in rural areas. Polyparasitism was higher in rural (58%) compared to urban (25%) areas (p = 0.001). Trichuris trichiura burden was higher in the rural area (p = 0.002). Over 40% of helminth infections in rural areas had a heavy parasite burden by WHO classification. Over half of urban and rural children were infected with Giardia intestinalis and Blastocystis spp. Our data provides accurate epidemiologic surveillance for public health interventions.

scholarly journals Intestinal Parasitic Infestation among the Outdoor Patients of Dhaka University Medical Centre, Bangladesh

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 45-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamida Khanum ◽  
Md Mizanur Rahman ◽  
Md Hafiz Uddin ◽  
Shahela Alam ◽  
Fatema Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Female Patient ◽  
Entamoeba Histolytica ◽  
Ascaris Lumbricoides ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Giardia Intestinalis ◽  
Medical Centre ◽  
Parasitic Infestation ◽  
Teacher Student ◽  
Stool Samples

In the present study, the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infestation was investigatedamong the outdoor patients including teacher, student and staff of the Dhaka University treated atDhaka University Medical Centre. A total of 380 stool samples were examined. Four species ofintestinal parasites were identified, two protozoans (Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia intestinalis)and two nematodes (Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura). The prevalence of parasiticinfestation was 24.73%. The prevalence of E. histolytica was 3.95%, G. intestinalis 6.31%,A. lumbricoides 11.84% and T. trichiura 2.63%. The prevalence was higher in case of staff(32.31%) and lower in case of teacher (13.16%). Highest prevalence observed during the rainyseason (29.3%) and lowest in winter (19.4%). Female patient showed higher prevalence (31.25%)compared to male (24.14%). The rate of infection was higher (28.3%) among the patients, whoused to drink unboiled water. The present study revealed that parasitic infection among the outdoorpatients of Dhaka University Medical Centre is alarmingly high.Key words: Dhaka University Medical Centre; intestinal parasites; outdoor patientsDOI: 10.3329/ujzru.v28i0.5285Univ. j. zool. Rajshahi Univ. Vol. 28, 2010 pp. 45-49

scholarly journals Risk factors of anemia among selected countries experiencing higher rate of under-5 mortality in sub-Saharan Africa: a three-way interaction model

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Olanrewaju D. Eniade ◽  
Abayomi T. Olarinmoye ◽  
Tongdiyen L. Jasper ◽  
Yusuff A. Olasunkanmi ◽  
Musibau A. Alabi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Interaction Model ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Cooking Fuel ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Sub Saharan

Background: Over 1.8 million under-five mortality could be avoided each year if anemia is dealt with. No adequate information on the determinants of anemia among the sub-Saharan countries experiencing a higher after prevalence under-5 mortality. This study identified the risk factors of anemia among three sub-Saharan countries (Benin, Guinea and Nigeria).Methods: A total of 24137 records from the 2018 demographic and health survey. The outcome variable was anemia status (Anemic=1, not anemic=0). Measures of effects (AOR) were assessed using binary logistic regression and random-effect generalized linear model. Stata MP 16 was used for the data analysis.Results: Anemia was found to be common among children in Nigeria (ENREF 59.4%), Benin (58.2%), and Guinea (46.0%). Children (<6 months) had higher risk of anemia (AOR: 1.20, 95% CI: 1.05-1.37). Intake of drugs for the treatment of intestinal parasites during pregnancy was found to be protective against anemia in Nigeria (AOR: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.89-0.97) and Guinea (AOR: 0.76, 95% CI: 0.63-0.91). Main cooking fuel: Kerosene (AOR: 1.32, 95% CI: 1.05-1.65) and firewood (AOR: 1.46, 95% CI: 1.17-1.81) were associated with a higher risk of anemia.Conclusions: Children of younger age (<6 months) deserve priority attention in the battle against anemia. Intake of drugs for intestinal parasites during pregnancy presents a potentially impactful strategy for anemia prevention among under-5 children in addition to routine deworming and treatments. Also, rural residents, users of kerosene and firewood as main cooking fuel, and users of unprotected well as main source of drinking water needs attention in the awareness and campaigns against under-5 anemia.

GraphoGame

2022 ◽  
pp. 431-454
Author(s):  
Pamela Jennifer February
Keyword(s):  
Reading Skills ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Poor Reading ◽  
International Assessments ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Initial Reading

This chapter investigates the effectiveness of a digital reading tool, called GraphoGame, that could be employed as one of the solutions to the poor reading results of learners that have been revealed in both national and international assessments in Namibia, specifically, and Sub-Saharan Africa in general. Following a research study, this chapter sets out to demonstrate that, through pre-and post-tests, GraphoGame Afrikaans improved the initial reading skills of Grade 1 learners. The results have implications for the utilization of computer-assisted tools to support reading acquisition in the lower grades. As GraphoGame employs a scaffolded approach by presenting learners with letters and words, it can be utilized to support learners individually in classes with large numbers, as is typical in Africa.

scholarly journals Iron-rich food consumption and associated factors among children aged 6–23 months in sub-Saharan Africa: A multilevel analysis of Demographic and Health Surveys

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0253221
Author(s):  
Yonas Akalu ◽  
Yigizie Yeshaw ◽  
Getayeneh Antehunegn Tesema ◽  
Getu Debalkie Demissie ◽  
Meseret Derbew Molla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Associated Factors ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Rich Food ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Ssa Countries

Introduction Anemia remains a major public health problem for children in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Iron-rich foods consumption has a determinant role on the anemia status. Hence, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of good consumption of iron-rich foods and its associated factors among children aged 6–23 months in SSA. Materials and methods The recent Demographic and Health Survey data sets of thirty-five SSA countries were used. Data were analyzed using STATA/MP version 16.0 and all statistical analyses were done after weighting the data. A generalized linear mixed model using Poisson regression with robust error variance was used to determine factors associated with good consumption of iron-rich food. Association of variables was declared at a p-value of ≤0.05 and adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR) ratio with its 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated for each variable. Results The total weighted samples of 77,001 children aged 6–23 months were included. The prevalence of consumption of iron rich foods was 42.1% (95% CI: 41.78–42.48). Children with age of 12–17 (adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR) = 1.96, 95% CI: 1.89–2.04) and 18–23 months (aPR = 2.05, 95% CI: 1.97–2.14), who took drugs for intestinal parasites (aPR = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.26–1.34), with postnatal check within 2 months (aPR = 1.09, 95% CI: 1.06–1.13), and children from women with ANC visit of 1–3 (aPR = 1.31, 95% CI: 1.24–1.37) and ≥4 (aPR = 1.41, 95% CI: 1.34–1.48) had higher prevalence of good consumption of iron rich foods. Moreover, the prevalence of consumptions of iron rich foods was higher among children from; family with rich (aPR = 1.36, 95%CI: 1.30–1.42) and middle (aPR = 1.14 95% CI: 1.09–1.19) wealth index, and mother with media exposure (aPR = 1.26, 95%CI: 1.22–1.31). Conclusion The prevalence of good consumption of iron-rich foods among children aged 6–23 months in SSA countries is low. Child factors, family factors, and community-level factors were significantly associated with consumption of iron rich foods. Strategies to increase the consumption of iron-rich foods during this critical stage of growth and development should be designed in SSA.

Investigating Factors Influencing the Adoption of IT Cloud Computing Platforms in Higher Education

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 21-36
Author(s):  
Kamal Kant Hiran
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Diffusion Of Innovation ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Sociocultural Factors ◽  
Cloud Computing Adoption ◽  
Computing Platforms ◽  
Sub Saharan

Cloud computing has become an emerging IT platform for productive services and efficient use of innovation in higher education. The purpose of this research study is to investigate the factors that influence the adoption of cloud computing in Sub-Saharan Africa under Ethiopian higher education. These factors professed to influence the adoption of cloud computing built on the integrated framework of technology-organization-environment (TOE) framework, diffusion of innovation (DoI) theory, and sociocultural theory. In-depth interviews have been taken with the University of Gondar key professionals in Ethiopia to accomplish this research study. The results show that the organisational factors are more influential factors than the technological, environmental, and sociocultural factors to the adoption of cloud computing (CC) in the Ethiopian higher education (EHE) sector. This qualitative study aids researchers and practitioners in the field of IT technology cloud to employ these key factors suggestive to cloud computing adoption in the higher educational institutions.

scholarly journals OCCURRENCE OF Blastocystis spp. IN UBERABA, MINAS GERAIS, BRAZIL

2015 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlene CABRINE-SANTOS ◽  
Eduardo do Nascimento CINTRA ◽  
Rafaela Andrade do CARMO ◽  
Gabriel Antônio Nogueira NASCENTES ◽  
André Luiz PEDROSA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Entamoeba Histolytica ◽  
Ascaris Lumbricoides ◽  
Intestinal Parasite ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Giardia Intestinalis ◽  
High Agreement ◽  
Direct Microscopy ◽  
The World ◽  
Blastocystis Spp

Intestinal parasites are a problem for public health all over the world. The infection with Blastocystis, a protozoan of controversial pathogenicity, is one of the most common among them all. In this study, the occurrence of intestinal parasites, with emphasis on Blastocystis, in patients at the Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro was investigated in Uberaba (MG) through microscopy of direct smears and fecal concentrates using Ritchie’s method. Feces of 1,323 patients were examined from April 2011 to May 2012. In 28.7% of them at least one intestinal parasite was identified, and the most frequent organisms were Blastocystis spp. (17.8%) and Giardia intestinalis (7.4%). The occurrence of parasitism was higher in children aged 6 -10 years old, and the infection with Blastocystis spp. was higher above the age of six (p < 0.001). The exclusive presence of G. intestinalis and of Blastocystis spp. was observed in 5.4% and 12.2% of the patients, respectively. Regarding patients with diarrheic feces, 8% revealed unique parasitism of Blastocystis spp. Other intestinal parasites observed in children were Ascaris lumbricoides (0.3%) and Entamoeba histolytica/dispar/moshkovskii (1.4%). The Ritchie’s method was more sensitive (92.8%) when compared to direct microscopy (89.8%), with high agreement between them (97.7%, kappa = 0.92). In conclusion, the occurrence of Blastocystis spp. in Uberaba is high and the presence of diarrheic feces with exclusive presence of the parasite of Blastocystis spp. was observed.

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