scholarly journals Tomato spotted wilt virusmanipulates the reproduction of its insect vector, western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis), to facilitate transmission

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanran Wan ◽  
Sabir Hussain ◽  
Baoyun Xu ◽  
Wen Xie ◽  
Shaoli Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Mating Behaviour ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Western Flower Thrips ◽  
Reproductive Behaviour ◽  
Insect Vector ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Flower Thrips ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDTomato spotted wilt virus(TSWV), one of the most devastating viruses of ornamental plants and vegetable crops worldwide, is transmitted by the western flower thrips,Frankliniella occidentalis(Pergande), in a persistent-propagative manner. How TSWV manipulates the reproduction of its vector to enhance transmission and whether infection with TSWV changes the mating behaviour of this thrips vector are not fully understood.RESULTSIn this study, we found that TSWV-exposed thrips, in general, had a significantly longer developmental time than did non-exposed individuals. Such an increase was predominantly seen in adults, a stage associated with dispersal and virus transmission. TSWV-exposedF. occidentalis produced substantially more progeny than did non-exposed thrips. Interestingly, most of the increase in progeny came from an increase in males, a sex with a greater dispersal and virus transmission capability. Specifically, the sex ratio of progeny shifted from female biased (2-7:1) to evenly split or male biased. Regarding mating behaviour, compared to virus-free controls, TSWV-exposedF. occidentalis had significantly longer copulation duration, were more active in males, and remated less often in females.CONCLUSIONThese combined results suggest that TSWV alters the reproductive behaviour of its insect vector,F. occidentalis, to promote virus transmission. Consequently, a monitoring program capable of earlier detection of the virus and a reduced economic threshold for vector (thrips) control should be in consideration for the long-term, sustainable management of TSWV.

Frankliniella occidentalis. [Distribution map].

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Western Flower Thrips ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Flower Thrips ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Soft Fruit ◽  
Wilt Virus

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) Thysanoptera: Thripidae Western flower thrips, alfalfa thrips, California thrips. Attacks flowers of many fruit trees, ornamentals, soft fruit and vegetables. Polyphagous. Transmits tomato spotted wilt virus. Information is given on the geographical distribution in EUROPE, Belgium, Crete, Cyprus, Czech, Republic Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Irish, Republic Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Sicily, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom, AFRICA, Canary Islands, Kenya, Réunion, South Africa, Zimbabwe, CIS (formerly USSR), Russia, ASIA, Israel, Japan, AUSTRALASIA and PACIFIC OCEAN ISLANDS, Australia, New South Wales, Western Australia, Hawaii, New Zealand, NORTH AMERICA, Canada, British Columbia, Ontario, USA, Arizona, California, Colorado, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, New Mexico, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Texas, Utah, CENTRAL AMERICA and CARIBBEAN, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Martinique, Mexico, SOUTH AMERICA, Colombia.

scholarly journals Virus status of western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) does not affect their response to a thrips lure or host plant volatiles in a Ytube olfactometer

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. 120-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.M. Davidson ◽  
S.M. Skill ◽  
R.C. Butler ◽  
M-C. Nielsen ◽  
S. Keenan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Volatiles ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Western Flower Thrips ◽  
Behavioural Response ◽  
Host Plant Volatiles ◽  
Flower Thrips ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Wilt Virus ◽  
The Impact

The impact of tospovirus infection on the behaviour of western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) was evaluated in a Ytube olfactometer The response of female western flower thrips with or without a tospovirus (Tomato spotted wilt virus TSWV) to a thrips lure (methyl isonicotinate MI) and chrysanthemum buds was recorded Compared to the blank arm significantly more thrips chose the odourladen arm of the Ytube when it contained MI (65 P016) increase the percentage of thrips that chose the odourladen arm over and above the cleanair arm but thrips (virusfree and infected) moved more quickly to the end of either arm when a bud was present The virus status of thrips was confirmed with RTPCR The presence of the virus in the vector did not substantially affect the behavioural response of the vector to a lure or hostplant material (P>04)

scholarly journals Western Flower Thrips Can Transmit Tomato spotted wilt virus From Virus-infected Tomato Fruits

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie A. Szostek ◽  
Priscila Rodriguez ◽  
Jasmin Sanchez ◽  
Scott Adkins ◽  
Rayapati A. Naidu
Keyword(s):  
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Western Flower Thrips ◽  
Grocery Stores ◽  
Tomato Fruits ◽  
Nucleocapsid Gene ◽  
Flower Thrips ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Infected Tomato ◽  
Wilt Virus

In this study, we demonstrate that western flower thrips (WFT, Frankliniella occidentalis) can acquire and transmit Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) from symptomatic tomato fruits. TSWV and other thrips-transmitted tospoviruses have long been known to spread via plant propagation material such as transplants. Global dissemination of tospoviruses has also been linked, in part, to transport and trade of thrips-infested and virus-infected horticultural products. However, the role of tomato fruits transported across state and national borders has not previously been examined as a means of virus spread or as a source for thrips acquisition of virus. Tomato fruits displaying typical tospovirus symptoms were purchased from several Washington State grocery stores. Many of these symptomatic fruits tested positive for TSWV and some for Pepino mosaic virus (PepMV). First instar larvae of WFT successfully acquired TSWV from these infected tomato fruits and transmitted the virus as adults to Emilia sonchifolia plants. Symptomatic E. sonchifolia plants were confirmed positive for TSWV by lateral flow immunoassays and sequence analysis of a portion of the nucleocapsid gene. These results suggest the dissemination of TSWV (and likely other tospoviruses) and PepMV to new geographic areas by human-assisted transport of infected tomato fruits.

scholarly journals Effect of Plastic Mulch Color and Insecticides on Thrips Populations and Damage to Tomato

1992 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 208-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve L. Brown ◽  
James E. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Western Flower Thrips ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Disease Epidemiology ◽  
Flower Thrips ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Thrips Species ◽  
Tobacco Thrips ◽  
Black Plastic

In each of 3 years, the average number of thrips in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L. cv. Mountain Pride) blooms was greater on tomatoes grown on white plastic mulch than on tomatoes grown on black plastic mulch, aluminum plastic mulch, or bare ground. Early season differences, however, diminished with time as plants grew and shaded a larger portion of plastic mulch. Weekly applications of 12 insecticide treatments failed to reduce thrips populations below that found in the control. No significant differences were found among treatments in the quantity, quality, or earliness of tomato yields. Incidence of tomato spotted wilt (vectored by some thrips species) was too low to detect statistical differences or determine the importance of thrips population in disease epidemiology. Western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) was the most common species found, followed by eastern flower thrips (F. tritici) and tobacco thrips (F. fusca). Thrips control, in the absence of tomato spotted wilt, is not justified for the thrips populations encountered in this study.

scholarly journals Variation in tospovirus transmission between populations of Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)

1999 ◽  
Vol 89 (6) ◽  
pp. 579-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. van de Wetering ◽  
M. van der Hoek ◽  
R. Goldbach ◽  
C. Mollema ◽  
D. Peters
Keyword(s):  
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Western Flower Thrips ◽  
Impatiens Necrotic Spot Virus ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Flower Thrips ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Tospovirus Species ◽  
Wilt Virus

AbstractFourteen populations of the western flower thrips Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande, originating from different hosts and countries in Asia, Europe, North America and New Zealand, were analysed for their competency and efficiency to transmit tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV). All populations acquired and subsequently transmitted the virus, and were thus competent to transmit. They show marked differences in their efficiency, expressed as the percentage of transmitting adults. Efficiencies varied from 18% for a F. occidentalis population from the USA (US2) to 75% for a population from Israel (IS2). The differences between populations were not affected by the amount of virus ingested or by the host plant used. However, the tospovirus species studied and age at which the larvae acquired the virus affected the efficiency to transmit. First instar larvae of the NL3 population from The Netherlands were able to acquire tomato spotted wilt virus, whereas second instar larvae failed to do so. However, both instars of this population acquired impatiens necrotic spot virus (INSV), another tospovirus. This and tomato spotted wilt virus were both acquired by both larval stages of the populations IS2 and US2, although their ability to acquire virus decreased with their age. Hence, it is likely that, in general, both instar larvae of most F. occidentalis populations are competent to acquire both tospoviruses. These results show that large differences exist in the efficiency by which tomato spotted wilt is transmitted by the various F. occidentalis populations and that the ability to acquire tospovirus decreases with the age of the larvae

scholarly journals Frankliniella Occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) Population Dynamics on

2012 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ion OLTEAN ◽  
Anca Dafina COVACI ◽  
Teodora FLORIAN ◽  
Cristina MATEI
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Western Flower Thrips ◽  
Flower Thrips ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
The One ◽  
Wilt Virus ◽  
Treatment Application

Western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) is an important crop pest and a vector of tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) in many areas of the world. Its feeding can cause scarring and deformations on leaves and fruit, with seedlings and soft tissue particularly prone to feeding damage. Cucumbers and other vegetable are susceptible to fruit scarring. Population dynamics of western flower thrips was monitored both in field and protected spaces throughout different methods and on different ornamental and vegetables hosts. In this paper results regarding population dynamic on cucumber greenhouse crop are presented. Studies were conducted throughout five weeks. Shaken method was used. Ten leaves from the bottom of the plant, ten from the middle, ten from the tip of the plant and ten flowers were weekly sampled. Mean temperature and treatments applications were recorded. The fallen larvae and adults were counted. Females and males were separately noted. Sex ratio influence and spatial distribution was also followed. Data analysis demonstrated that thrips preferred to feed on younger leaves situated on tip of the plant. There was a very low difference between sex ratio in leaves as compared with the one in flowers. Regarding population dynamics of thrips on whole study period the trend was of increasing, thus treatment application were less efficient and proves its high pesticide resistance character.

scholarly journals Tomato spotted wilt virus Infection Improves Host Suitability for Its Vector Frankliniella occidentalis

2004 ◽  
Vol 94 (7) ◽  
pp. 706-711 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. C. Maris ◽  
N. N. Joosten ◽  
R. W. Goldbach ◽  
D. Peters
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Western Flower Thrips ◽  
Datura Stramonium ◽  
Host Suitability ◽  
Flower Thrips ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Mutualistic Relationship ◽  
Wilt Virus

The effect of Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) infection on plant attractiveness for the western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) was studied. Significantly more thrips were recovered on infected than were recovered on noninfected pepper (Capsicum annuum) plants in different preference tests. In addition, more offspring were produced on the virus-infected pepper plants, and this effect also was found for TSWV-infected Datura stramonium. Thrips behavior was minimally influenced by TSWV-infection of host plants with only a slight preference for feeding on infected plants. Offspring development was positively affected since larvae hatched earlier from eggs and subsequently pupated faster on TSWV-infected plants. These results show a mutualistic relationship between F. occidentalis and TSWV.

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