scholarly journals Effect of Plastic Mulch Color and Insecticides on Thrips Populations and Damage to Tomato

1992 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 208-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve L. Brown ◽  
James E. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Western Flower Thrips ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Disease Epidemiology ◽  
Flower Thrips ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Thrips Species ◽  
Tobacco Thrips ◽  
Black Plastic

In each of 3 years, the average number of thrips in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L. cv. Mountain Pride) blooms was greater on tomatoes grown on white plastic mulch than on tomatoes grown on black plastic mulch, aluminum plastic mulch, or bare ground. Early season differences, however, diminished with time as plants grew and shaded a larger portion of plastic mulch. Weekly applications of 12 insecticide treatments failed to reduce thrips populations below that found in the control. No significant differences were found among treatments in the quantity, quality, or earliness of tomato yields. Incidence of tomato spotted wilt (vectored by some thrips species) was too low to detect statistical differences or determine the importance of thrips population in disease epidemiology. Western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) was the most common species found, followed by eastern flower thrips (F. tritici) and tobacco thrips (F. fusca). Thrips control, in the absence of tomato spotted wilt, is not justified for the thrips populations encountered in this study.

A Survey of Thrips (Thysanoptera) Species Infesting Cotton Seedlings in Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Tennessee

2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 669-681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald R. Cook ◽  
Charles T. Allen ◽  
Eugene Burris ◽  
Barry L. Freeman ◽  
Gary A. Herzog ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Western Flower Thrips ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Thrips Tabaci ◽  
Flower Thrips ◽  
Thrips Species ◽  
Tobacco Thrips ◽  
Plant Emergence ◽  
Neohydatothrips Variabilis ◽  
Soybean Thrips

The common species of thrips that are considered pests of cotton, Gossypium hirsutum (L.), include flower thrips, Frankliniella tritici (Fitch); tobacco thrips, Frankliniella fusca (Hinds); western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande); onion thrips, Thrips tabaci (Lindeman); and soybean thrips, Neohydatothrips variabilis (Beach). Thrips feeding on cotton seedlings can inhibit plant growth, reduce plant stand, delay crop maturity, and reduce seed-cotton yield. Surveys were conducted in Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Tennessee to determine the thrips species infesting cotton seedlings during 1996 to 1999. Cotton seedlings were sampled weekly between 7 and 48 days after plant emergence at one to four field sites in each state. Over 12,000 thrips adults were collected using plant washing procedures with 9,005 individuals mounted on slides, and identified to species. The tobacco thrips was the most common species collected in all states, except Georgia, and comprised at least 63% of the thrips adults in all instances, except four. The occurrence of flower thrips and soybean thrips was variable; however, neither species accounted for more than 21% of thrips identified in each state. Western flower thrips accounted for less than 15% of adults collected in all instances except two (28% and 30%) in Louisiana. Also, individual specimens of Thrips nigropilosus Uzel and Anophothrips obscurus Müller were collected in Alabama, and several specimens of Microcephalothrips abdominalis (Crawford) were collected in Arkansas and Louisiana.

scholarly journals Host Plant Resistance to Tomato spotted wilt virus (Bunyaviridae: Tospovirus) in Tomato

HortScience ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (12) ◽  
pp. 1626-1633 ◽  
Author(s):  
David G. Riley ◽  
Shimat V. Joseph ◽  
W. Terry Kelley ◽  
Steve Olson ◽  
John Scott
Keyword(s):  
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Western Flower Thrips ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Flower Thrips ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Tomato Cultivars ◽  
Black Plastic ◽  
Wilt Virus

Commercially available cultivars of tomato Solanum lycopersicum L. were field-tested for resistance to Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) over a 5-year period (from 2006 to 2010) at the Coastal Plain Experiment Station at Tifton, GA. Selected cultivars were transplanted each year into staked, black plastic mulch beds on drip irrigation in the spring of each year when the incidence of Tomato spotted wilt (TSW) tended to be highest. The presence of TSWV was confirmed by double antibody sandwich (DAS) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Also, the presence of thrips vectors was monitored using beat-cup sampling of foliage and flower samples. Tomato cultivars with the Sw-5 resistance gene provided high levels of control of TSW expression over all 5 years. However, these genotypes had no apparent effect on the thrips vectors, western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), and tobacco thrips, Frankliniella fusca (Hinds), that transmit TSWV. Overall, the top 15 commercial tomato cultivars based on consistent TSW resistance and ranked from highest marketable fruit yield were: ‘Tycoon’, ‘Tous 91’, ‘Talladega’, ‘Red Defender’, ‘BHN 444’, ‘Nico’, ‘Carson’, ‘BHN 685 (Roma type)’, ‘Picus’, ‘Redline’, ‘Tribute’, ‘Quincy’, ‘BHN 640’, ‘BHN 602’, and ‘Top Gun’.

scholarly journals First Report on the Multiplication of Tomato Spotted Wilt Tospovirus in Tobacco Thrips, Frankliniella fusca

Plant Disease ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 82 (11) ◽  
pp. 1282-1282 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. R. Pappu ◽  
J. W. Todd ◽  
A. K. Culbreath ◽  
M. D. Bandla ◽  
J. L. Sherwood
Keyword(s):  
Virus Replication ◽  
Virus Detection ◽  
Western Flower Thrips ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Vector Species ◽  
Flower Thrips ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Frankliniella Fusca ◽  
Tobacco Thrips ◽  
Individual Adult

In Georgia, tomato spotted wilt tospovirus (TSWV) causes significant losses in peanut, tobacco, tomato, and pepper. Transmission of TSWV in Georgia primarily is by tobacco thrips (TT), Frankliniella fusca (Hinds), and western flower thrips, F. occidentalis (Pergande), with TT being the predominant vector species in peanut (2). TSWV must be acquired at the larval stage for the adult to transmit the virus. Detection of NSs (a non-structural TSWV protein present only following virus replication) in thrips by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is a reliable indicator that the virus had multiplied in the vector and thus the vector is competent to transmit TSWV. While this has been accomplished with F. occidentalis (1), information is lacking for F. fusca, the predominant vector in Georgia and other states in the Southeast. Thus, the nature of the TSWV-TT association was investigated and the proportion of transmitters in a field population determined in 1,436 individual adult TT collected from sticky cards positioned in selected peanut fields in south Georgia. Additionally, 650 larvae collected from volunteer peanut plants were reared to adults in the laboratory and the resulting 295 adult TT were individually evaluated by ELISA. Of those collected from the sticky cards, NSs was detected in 8% of the adult insects, indicating that the virus had multiplied in TT. NSs was not detected in control TT that had no access to the virus. Of the adult TT that emerged from larvae collected from volunteer peanuts, 6.1% were positive for NSs. Our study provides the first immunological evidence that TSWV multiplies in TT. References: (1) M. D. Bandla et al. Phytopathology 84:1427, 1994. (2) J. R. Chamberlin et al. J. Econ. Entomol. 86:40, 1993.

Frankliniella occidentalis. [Distribution map].

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Western Flower Thrips ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Flower Thrips ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Soft Fruit ◽  
Wilt Virus

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) Thysanoptera: Thripidae Western flower thrips, alfalfa thrips, California thrips. Attacks flowers of many fruit trees, ornamentals, soft fruit and vegetables. Polyphagous. Transmits tomato spotted wilt virus. Information is given on the geographical distribution in EUROPE, Belgium, Crete, Cyprus, Czech, Republic Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Irish, Republic Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Sicily, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom, AFRICA, Canary Islands, Kenya, Réunion, South Africa, Zimbabwe, CIS (formerly USSR), Russia, ASIA, Israel, Japan, AUSTRALASIA and PACIFIC OCEAN ISLANDS, Australia, New South Wales, Western Australia, Hawaii, New Zealand, NORTH AMERICA, Canada, British Columbia, Ontario, USA, Arizona, California, Colorado, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, New Mexico, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Texas, Utah, CENTRAL AMERICA and CARIBBEAN, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Martinique, Mexico, SOUTH AMERICA, Colombia.

Seasonal Occurrence of Thrips (Thysanoptera) on Cowpeas in Western Arkansas and Northeast Oklahoma

1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 427-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. B. Sweeden ◽  
Paul J. McLeod
Keyword(s):  
Common Species ◽  
The Other ◽  
Seasonal Occurrence ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Flower Thrips ◽  
Thrips Species ◽  
Frankliniella Fusca ◽  
Tobacco Thrips ◽  
Soybean Thrips

Three thrips species were commonly found in western Arkansas and northeast Oklahoma cowpea fields during the 1991 and 1992 growing seasons. These were the tobacco thrips, Frankliniella fusca (Hinds), the flower thrips, Frankliniella tritici (Fitch), and the soybean thrips, Sericothrips variabilis (Beach). Earlier planted cowpea fields in each area had higher thrips numbers than later planted fields. Tobacco thrips numbers tended to be higher during the early stages of the crop when the plants were small. As plants began to produce blooms, flower thrips numbers increased considerably. Peak flower thrips numbers typically occurred around two weeks after first bloom. Soybean thrips abundance was generally lower than the other common species and had no apparent pattern. Chirothrips crassus Hinds and Chirothrips spiniceps Hood also were found, but were uncommon.

Population Distribution of Flower Thrips and the Western Flower Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in Nectarines and their Relative Association with Injury to Fruit in the Southeastern United States2

1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 427-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. Yonce ◽  
R. J. Beshear ◽  
J. A. Payne ◽  
D. L. Horton
Keyword(s):  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Population Distribution ◽  
Western Flower Thrips ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Flower Thrips ◽  
Thrips Species ◽  
Neohydatothrips Variabilis ◽  
Soybean Thrips

Thrips populations and injury attributed to thrips feeding on fruit surfaces was monitored in unsprayed middle Georgia nectarines during 1986 – 1988. The flower thrips, Frankliniella tritici (Fitch), the western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), and the soybean thrips, Neohydatothrips variabilis (Beach), were the most abundant thrips species recovered from the orchard. Their relative abundance changed each year. The western flower thrips particularly appears to be most damaging in causing russeting on fruit surfaces. Silvering injury was caused by either or both of the flower thrips and coincided with peak populations of adults at or near final fruit swell. Soybean thrips caused little or no injury to fruit. None of the above mentioned flower thrips species were recovered from various weed and grass species in and near the nectarine orchard during two years of overwintering studies.

scholarly journals Complexity and local specificity of the virome associated with tospovirus-transmitting thrips species.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Chiapello ◽  
Lara Bosco ◽  
M. Ciuffo ◽  
S. Ottati ◽  
N. Salem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Western Flower Thrips ◽  
Thrips Tabaci ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Flower Thrips ◽  
Thrips Species ◽  
Repeated Sampling ◽  
Neohydatothrips Variabilis

Frankliniella occidentalis (western flower thrips=WFT) and Thrips tabaci (onion thrips=OT) are insect species that greatly impact horticultural crops through direct damage and their efficient vectoring of tomato spotted wilt virus and iris yellow spot virus. In this study we collected thrips of these species from 12 field populations in various regions in Italy. We also included one field population of Neohydatothrips variabilis (soybean thrips=ST) from the U.S.A. Total RNAseq from high-throughput sequencing (HTS) was used to assemble the virome and then we assigned putative viral contigs to each thrips sample by qRT-PCR. Excluding plant and fungal viruses, we were able to identify 61 viral segments, corresponding to 41 viruses: 14 were assigned to WFT, 17 to OT, one from ST and 9 viruses could not be assigned to any species based on our stringent criteria. All these viruses are putative representative of new species (with only the exception of a sobemo-like virus that is 100% identical to a virus recently characterized in ST) and some belong to new higher-ranking taxa. These additions to the viral phylogeny suggest previously undescribed evolutionary niches. Most of the Baltimore’s classes of RNA viruses were present (positive- and minus- strand and dsRNA viruses), but only one DNA virus was identified in our collection. Repeated sampling in a subset of locations in 2019 and 2020 and further virus characterization in a subset of four thrips populations maintained in laboratory allowed us to provide evidence of a locally persistent thrips core virome that characterizes each population. IMPORTANCE Harnessing the insect microbiome can result in new approaches to contain their populations or the damage they cause vectoring viruses of medical, veterinary, or agricultural importance. Persistent insect viruses are a neglected component of their microbiota. Here for the first time, we characterize the virome associated with the two model systems for tospovirus-transmitting thrips species, of utmost importance for the direct and indirect damage they cause to a number of different crops. The thrips virome here characterized includes several novel viruses, that in some cases reveal previously undescribed clades. More importantly, some of the viruses we describe are part of a core virome that is specific and consistently present in distinct geographical locations monitored over the years, hinting at a possible mutualistic symbiotic relationship with their host.

scholarly journals Virus status of western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) does not affect their response to a thrips lure or host plant volatiles in a Ytube olfactometer

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. 120-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.M. Davidson ◽  
S.M. Skill ◽  
R.C. Butler ◽  
M-C. Nielsen ◽  
S. Keenan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Volatiles ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Western Flower Thrips ◽  
Behavioural Response ◽  
Host Plant Volatiles ◽  
Flower Thrips ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Wilt Virus ◽  
The Impact

The impact of tospovirus infection on the behaviour of western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) was evaluated in a Ytube olfactometer The response of female western flower thrips with or without a tospovirus (Tomato spotted wilt virus TSWV) to a thrips lure (methyl isonicotinate MI) and chrysanthemum buds was recorded Compared to the blank arm significantly more thrips chose the odourladen arm of the Ytube when it contained MI (65 P016) increase the percentage of thrips that chose the odourladen arm over and above the cleanair arm but thrips (virusfree and infected) moved more quickly to the end of either arm when a bud was present The virus status of thrips was confirmed with RTPCR The presence of the virus in the vector did not substantially affect the behavioural response of the vector to a lure or hostplant material (P>04)

scholarly journals Tomato spotted wilt virusmanipulates the reproduction of its insect vector, western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis), to facilitate transmission

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanran Wan ◽  
Sabir Hussain ◽  
Baoyun Xu ◽  
Wen Xie ◽  
Shaoli Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Mating Behaviour ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Western Flower Thrips ◽  
Reproductive Behaviour ◽  
Insect Vector ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Flower Thrips ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDTomato spotted wilt virus(TSWV), one of the most devastating viruses of ornamental plants and vegetable crops worldwide, is transmitted by the western flower thrips,Frankliniella occidentalis(Pergande), in a persistent-propagative manner. How TSWV manipulates the reproduction of its vector to enhance transmission and whether infection with TSWV changes the mating behaviour of this thrips vector are not fully understood.RESULTSIn this study, we found that TSWV-exposed thrips, in general, had a significantly longer developmental time than did non-exposed individuals. Such an increase was predominantly seen in adults, a stage associated with dispersal and virus transmission. TSWV-exposedF. occidentalis produced substantially more progeny than did non-exposed thrips. Interestingly, most of the increase in progeny came from an increase in males, a sex with a greater dispersal and virus transmission capability. Specifically, the sex ratio of progeny shifted from female biased (2-7:1) to evenly split or male biased. Regarding mating behaviour, compared to virus-free controls, TSWV-exposedF. occidentalis had significantly longer copulation duration, were more active in males, and remated less often in females.CONCLUSIONThese combined results suggest that TSWV alters the reproductive behaviour of its insect vector,F. occidentalis, to promote virus transmission. Consequently, a monitoring program capable of earlier detection of the virus and a reduced economic threshold for vector (thrips) control should be in consideration for the long-term, sustainable management of TSWV.

scholarly journals Western Flower Thrips Can Transmit Tomato spotted wilt virus From Virus-infected Tomato Fruits

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie A. Szostek ◽  
Priscila Rodriguez ◽  
Jasmin Sanchez ◽  
Scott Adkins ◽  
Rayapati A. Naidu
Keyword(s):  
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Western Flower Thrips ◽  
Grocery Stores ◽  
Tomato Fruits ◽  
Nucleocapsid Gene ◽  
Flower Thrips ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Infected Tomato ◽  
Wilt Virus

In this study, we demonstrate that western flower thrips (WFT, Frankliniella occidentalis) can acquire and transmit Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) from symptomatic tomato fruits. TSWV and other thrips-transmitted tospoviruses have long been known to spread via plant propagation material such as transplants. Global dissemination of tospoviruses has also been linked, in part, to transport and trade of thrips-infested and virus-infected horticultural products. However, the role of tomato fruits transported across state and national borders has not previously been examined as a means of virus spread or as a source for thrips acquisition of virus. Tomato fruits displaying typical tospovirus symptoms were purchased from several Washington State grocery stores. Many of these symptomatic fruits tested positive for TSWV and some for Pepino mosaic virus (PepMV). First instar larvae of WFT successfully acquired TSWV from these infected tomato fruits and transmitted the virus as adults to Emilia sonchifolia plants. Symptomatic E. sonchifolia plants were confirmed positive for TSWV by lateral flow immunoassays and sequence analysis of a portion of the nucleocapsid gene. These results suggest the dissemination of TSWV (and likely other tospoviruses) and PepMV to new geographic areas by human-assisted transport of infected tomato fruits.

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