scholarly journals Aging-related inflammation driven by cellular senescence enhances NAD consumption via activation of CD38+pro-inflammatory macrophages

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony J. Covarrubias ◽  
Abhijit Kale ◽  
Rosalba Perrone ◽  
Jose Alberto Lopez-Dominguez ◽  
Angela Oliveira Pisco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Cellular Senescence ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Causal Link ◽  
Secretory Proteins ◽  
M2 Macrophages ◽  
Therapeutic Opportunity ◽  
Inflammatory Macrophages ◽  
Novel Therapeutic

SummaryDecline in tissue NAD levels during aging is linked to aging and its associated diseases. However, the mechanism for aging-associated NAD decline remains unclear. Here we report that pro-inflammatory M1-like macrophages, but not naïve or M2 macrophages, accumulate in metabolic tissues including visceral white adipose tissue and the liver during aging. Remarkably, these M1-like macrophages highly express the NAD consuming enzyme CD38 and have enhanced CD38-dependent NADase activity. We also find that senescent cells progressively accumulate in visceral white adipose tissue during aging and that inflammatory cytokines found in the supernatant from senescent cells (Senescence associated secretory proteins, SASP) induce macrophages to proliferate and to express CD38. These results highlight a new causal link between visceral tissue senescence and tissue NAD decline during aging and represent a novel therapeutic opportunity targeting maintenance of NAD levels during aging.

scholarly journals Adipokines: inflammation and the pleiotropic role of white adipose tissue

2004 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Trayhurn ◽  
I. Stuart Wood
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Endocrine Function ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Circulating Levels

White adipose tissue is now recognised to be a multifunctional organ; in addition to the central role of lipid storage, it has a major endocrine function secreting several hormones, notably leptin and adiponectin, and a diverse range of other protein factors. These various protein signals have been given the collective name ‘adipocytokines’ or ‘adipokines’. However, since most are neither ‘cytokines’ nor ‘cytokine-like’, it is recommended that the term ‘adipokine’ be universally adopted to describe a protein that is secreted from (and synthesised by) adipocytes. It is suggested that the term is restricted to proteins secreted from adipocytes, excluding signals released only by the other cell types (such as macrophages) in adipose tissue. Theadipokinome(which together with lipid moieties released, such as fatty acids and prostaglandins, constitute thesecretomeof fat cells) includes proteins involved in lipid metabolism, insulin sensitivity, the alternative complement system, vascular haemostasis, blood pressure regulation and angiogenesis, as well as the regulation of energy balance. In addition, there is a growing list of adipokines involved in inflammation (TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, transforming growth factor-β, nerve growth factor) and the acute-phase response (plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, haptoglobin, serum amyloid A). Production of these proteins by adipose tissue is increased in obesity, and raised circulating levels of several acute-phase proteins and inflammatory cytokines has led to the view that the obese are characterised by a state of chronic low-grade inflammation, and that this links causally to insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome. It is, however, unclear as to the extent to which adipose tissue contributes quantitatively to the elevated circulating levels of these factors in obesity and whether there is a generalised or local state of inflammation. The parsimonious view is that the increased production of inflammatory cytokines and acute-phase proteins by adipose tissue in obesity relates primarily to localised events within the expanding fat depots. It is suggested that these events reflect hypoxia in parts of the growing adipose tissue mass in advance of angiogenesis, and involve the key controller of the cellular response to hypoxia, the transcription factor hypoxia inducible factor-1.

scholarly journals HMGA2 expression in white adipose tissue linking cellular senescence with diabetes

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 449-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominique Nadine Markowski ◽  
Helge Wilhelm Thies ◽  
Andrea Gottlieb ◽  
Heiner Wenk ◽  
Manfred Wischnewsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cellular Senescence ◽  
White Adipose Tissue

Abstract 1123: Critical Role Of Adipose Senescence In Insulin Resistance And Vascular Dysfunction

Circulation ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 116 (suppl_16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Masayuki Orimo ◽  
Tohru Minamino ◽  
Hideyuki Miyauchi ◽  
Kaoru Tateno ◽  
Sho Okada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Cellular Senescence ◽  
Vascular Dysfunction ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
P53 Expression ◽  
Deficient Mice ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Cellular senescence is originally described as the finite replicative lifespan of human somatic cells in culture. As a consequence of semi-conservative DNA replication, the extreme terminals of the chromosomes are not duplicated completely, resulting in successive shortening of telomeres with each cell division. Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein that adds telomeres to the ends of chromosomes. Critically short telomeres are thought to trigger DNA damage response, thereby inducing cellular senescence. Accumulating evidence has suggested that senescent cells promote aging phenotypes or age-related pathologies. Here we show that adipose senescence is critically involved in the regulation of insulin resistance that underlies age-associated cardiovascular disease. The later generation of telomerase-deficient mice with short telomeres exhibited insulin resistance and vascular dysfunction when fed on a high-calorie diet. Adipose tissue of these mice revealed senescence-like phenotypes such as an increase in neutral β galactosidase activity and upregulation of p53 and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines were markedly elevated in telomerase-deficient mice and treatment of these mice with a neutralizing antibody against TNF-α significantly improved insulin and glucose intolerance. Removal of senescent adipose tissue reduced serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and thereby improved insulin resistance in telomerase-deficient mice. Conversely, implantation of senescent adipose tissue to wild-type mice impaired insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance in recipients. Introduction of telomere dysfunction to young adipose tissue markedly upregulated p53 expression and increased the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Inhibition of p53 activity significantly improved senescence-like phenotypes of adipose tissue, insulin resistance, and vascular dysfunction in telomerase-deficient mice. These results disclose a novel mechanism of insulin resistance and suggest that adipose senescence is a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of diabetes and diabetic vasculopathy.

Cellular senescence and its role in white adipose tissue

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulf Smith ◽  
Qian Li ◽  
Mikael Rydén ◽  
Kirsty L. Spalding
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cellular Senescence ◽  
White Adipose Tissue

scholarly journals Physiological role of adipose tissue: white adipose tissue as an endocrine and secretory organ

2001 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Trayhurn ◽  
John H. Beattie
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Retinol Binding Protein ◽  
Endocrine Function ◽  
Specific Factor ◽  
Secretory Proteins ◽  
Metabolic Role ◽  
White Fat

The traditional role attributed to white adipose tissue is energy storage, fatty acids being released when fuel is required. The metabolic role of white fat is, however, complex. For example, the tissue is needed for normal glucose homeostasis and a role in inflammatory processes has been proposed. A radical change in perspective followed the discovery of leptin; this critical hormone in energy balance is produced principally by white fat, giving the tissue an endocrine function. Leptin is one of a number of proteins secreted from white adipocytes, which include angiotensinogen, adipsin, acylation-stimulating protein, adiponectin, retinol-binding protein, tumour neorosis factor a, interleukin 6, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and tissue factor. Some of these proteins are inflammatory cytokines, some play a role in lipid metabolism, while others are involved in vascular haemostasis or the complement system. The effects of specific proteins may be autocrine or paracrine, or the site of action may be distant from adipose tissue. The most recently described adipocyte secretory proteins are fasting-induced adipose factor, a fibrinogen–angiopoietin-related protein, metallothionein and resistin. Resistin is an adipose tissue-specific factor which is reported to induce insulin resistance, linking diabetes to obesity. Metallothionein is a metal-binding and stress-response protein which may have an antioxidant role. The key challenges in establishing the secretory functions of white fat are to identify the complement of secreted proteins, to establish the role of each secreted protein, and to assess the pathophysiological consequences of changes in adipocyte protein production with alterations in adiposity (obesity, fasting, cachexia). There is already considerable evidence of links between increased production of some adipocyte factors and the metabolic and cardiovascular complications of obesity. In essence, white adipose tissue is a major secretory and endocrine organ involved in a range of functions beyond simple fat storage.

scholarly journals Adrenomedullin 2 Enhances Beiging in White Adipose Tissue Directly in an Adipocyte-autonomous Manner and Indirectly through Activation of M2 Macrophages

2016 ◽  
Vol 291 (45) ◽  
pp. 23390-23402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Lv ◽  
Song-Yang Zhang ◽  
Xianyi Liang ◽  
Heng Zhang ◽  
Zhi Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
M2 Macrophages

scholarly journals Growth Hormone Receptor Antagonist Transgenic Mice Have Increased Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Mass, Altered Glucose Homeostasis and No Change in White Adipose Tissue Cellular Senescence

Gerontology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross Comisford ◽  
Ellen R. Lubbers ◽  
Lara A. Householder ◽  
Ozan Suer ◽  
Tamara Tchkonia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Transgenic Mice ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Cellular Senescence ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Deficient Mice

Background: Growth hormone (GH)-resistant/deficient mice experience improved glucose homeostasis and substantially increased lifespan. Recent evidence suggests that long-lived GH-resistant/deficient mice are protected from white adipose tissue (WAT) dysfunction, including WAT cellular senescence, impaired adipogenesis and loss of subcutaneous WAT in old age. This preservation of WAT function has been suggested to be a potential mechanism for the extended lifespan of these mice. Objective: The objective of this study was to examine WAT senescence, WAT distribution and glucose homeostasis in dwarf GH receptor antagonist (GHA) transgenic mice, a unique mouse strain having decreased GH action but normal longevity. Methods: 18-month-old female GHA mice and wild-type (WT) littermate controls were used. Prior to dissection, body composition, fasting blood glucose as well as glucose and insulin tolerance tests were performed. WAT distribution was determined by weighing four distinct WAT depots at the time of dissection. Cellular senescence in four WAT depots was assessed using senescence-associated β-galactosidase staining to quantify the senescent cell burden, and real-time qPCR to quantify gene expression of senescence markers p16 and IL-6. Results: GHA mice had a 22% reduction in total body weight, a 33% reduction in lean mass and a 10% increase in body fat percentage compared to WT controls. GHA mice had normal fasting blood glucose and improved insulin sensitivity; however, they exhibited impaired glucose tolerance. Moreover, GHA mice displayed enhanced lipid storage in the inguinal subcutaneous WAT depot (p < 0.05) and a 1.7-fold increase in extra-/intraperitoneal WAT ratio compared to controls (p < 0.05). Measurements of WAT cellular senescence showed no difference between GHA mice and WT controls. Conclusions: Similar to other mice with decreased GH action, female GHA mice display reduced age-related lipid redistribution and improved insulin sensitivity, but no change in cellular senescence. The similar abundance of WAT senescent cells in GHA and control mice suggests that any protection against generation of senescent cells afforded by decreased GH action, low insulin-like growth factor 1 and/or improved insulin sensitivity in the GHA mice may be offset by their severe adiposity, since obesity is known to increase senescence.

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