Positive Definiteness of Gravitational Field Energy

The requirements of Lorentz and time-reversal invariance, causality, positive definiteness of the field energy, and a boundedness condition on the propagator are used to determine the possible forms of linear field equations through the determination of their Green's functions in momentum space. The classical definition of causality, no output before input, is applied to a scalar field and is shown to imply the uniqueness of the usual propagator for a spin-zero particle of discrete mass.The classical definition of causality is then replaced by one appropriate for quantum theory. An additional type of equation is possible, which represents a particle with a continuous distribution of mass.

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Gravitational Force is a Type of Physical Interaction between Gluon Fields: Molecular Motions of Gases

Physical Science International Journal ◽

10.9734/psij/2021/v25i630266 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 64-70

Author(s):

C. G. Sim

Keyword(s):

Gravitational Field ◽

Quantum Chromodynamics ◽

Gravity Model ◽

Gravitational Force ◽

Field Energy ◽

Physical Interaction ◽

Molecular Motions ◽

Universal Gravitation ◽

Strong Force ◽

Color Field

This study presents a Gluon Gravity Model, to explain the mechanism of gravity. With the development of quantum chromodynamics since 1970, Newton's law of universal gravitation and Einstein's theory of general relativity need to be reinterpreted. Like an electric charge causes an electric field, the color charges in quantum chromodynamics were introduced into the gravitational field. The gluons mediating strong force can bring about a new color field around the strong force field owing to their color charges. This new color field of charges becomes a gravitational field in Gluon Gravity Model. This model is supported by the facts that most of the atomic mass is composed of the gluon field energy and the similarity between the two formulas of Coulomb's law and Newton's laws of universal gravitation. Additionally, it is possible to explain the gas molecular motions by applying the Gluon Gravity Model to the gluon fields within a proton.

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Statistical Mechanical Interpretation of Black Hole Entropy

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A ◽

10.1515/zna-1994-1105 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 49 (11) ◽

pp. 1023-1030

Author(s):

F. Winterberg

Keyword(s):

Black Hole ◽

Gravitational Field ◽

Gravitational Collapse ◽

Black Hole Entropy ◽

Field Energy ◽

Planck Mass ◽

Statistical Mechanical ◽

Mechanical Interpretation ◽

The Universe ◽

Matter Energy

Abstract It is shown that the Bekenstein-Hawking formula for the entropy of a black hole can be given a statistical mechanical interpretation in terms of Planck mass particles. It is furthermore shown that the previously proposed Planck aether model (assuming that space is densely filled with an equal number of positive and negative Planck masses) gives an expression for the black hole entropy, different from the Bekenstein-Hawking formula, with the entropy proportional to the 3/4 power of the black hole surface rather than proportional to its surface. The Planck aether model also gives an expression for the entropy of the gravitational field, which for a black hole is the entropy of negative Planck masses. To be consistent with Nernst's theorem, it is conjectured that this gravitational field entropy is negative. For a universe in which the sum of the positive matter energy and the negative gravitational field energy is zero, the sum of the matter and gravitational field entropy would therefore vanish as well. Because the positive and negative Planck masses are separated from each other, a cancellation of their entropy appears to be only possible in the event of a gravitational collapse of the universe as a whole.

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