scholarly journals Gravitational Force is a Type of Physical Interaction between Gluon Fields: Molecular Motions of Gases

2021 ◽  
pp. 64-70
Author(s):  
C. G. Sim
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Field ◽  
Quantum Chromodynamics ◽  
Gravity Model ◽  
Gravitational Force ◽  
Field Energy ◽  
Physical Interaction ◽  
Molecular Motions ◽  
Universal Gravitation ◽  
Strong Force ◽  
Color Field

This study presents a Gluon Gravity Model, to explain the mechanism of gravity. With the development of quantum chromodynamics since 1970, Newton's law of universal gravitation and Einstein's theory of general relativity need to be reinterpreted. Like an electric charge causes an electric field, the color charges in quantum chromodynamics were introduced into the gravitational field. The gluons mediating strong force can bring about a new color field around the strong force field owing to their color charges. This new color field of charges becomes a gravitational field in Gluon Gravity Model. This model is supported by the facts that most of the atomic mass is composed of the gluon field energy and the similarity between the two formulas of Coulomb's law and Newton's laws of universal gravitation. Additionally, it is possible to explain the gas molecular motions by applying the Gluon Gravity Model to the gluon fields within a proton.

scholarly journals Continuum dynamics and the electromagnetic field in the scalar ether theory of gravitation

Open Physics ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 395-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayeul Arminjon
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Field ◽  
Lorentz Force ◽  
Maxwell Equations ◽  
Gravitational Force ◽  
Continuous Medium ◽  
Pressure Force ◽  
Local Charge ◽  
Theory Of Gravitation ◽  
External Forces ◽  
Continuum Dynamics

AbstractAn alternative, scalar theory of gravitation has been proposed, based on a mechanism/interpretation of gravity as being a pressure force: Archimedes’ thrust. In it, the gravitational field affects the physical standards of space and time, but motion is governed by an extension of the relativistic form of Newton’s second law. This implies Einstein’s geodesic motion for free particles only in a constant gravitational field. In this work, equations governing the dynamics of a continuous medium subjected to gravitational and non-gravitational forces are derived. Then, the case where the non-gravitational force is the Lorentz force is investigated. The gravitational modification of Maxwell’s equations is obtained under the requirement that a charged continuous medium, subjected to the Lorentz force, obeys the equation derived for continuum dynamics under external forces. These Maxwell equations are shown to be consistent with the dynamics of a “free” photon, and thus with the geometrical optics of this theory. However, these equations do not imply local charge conservation, except for a constant gravitational field.

scholarly journals Gravitational Fields and Gravitational Waves

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tony Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Field ◽  
Gravitational Wave ◽  
Gravitational Waves ◽  
Doppler Effect ◽  
Gravitational Force ◽  
Laser Interferometer ◽  
Speed Of Light ◽  
Gravitational Fields ◽  
Light Waves ◽  
Research Questions

The relative velocity between objects with finite velocity affects the reaction between them. This effect is known as general Doppler effect. The Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) discovered gravitational waves and found their speed to be equal to the speed of light c. Gravitational waves are generated following a disturbance in the gravitational field; they affect the gravitational force on an object. Just as light waves are subject to the Doppler effect, so are gravitational waves. This article explores the following research questions concerning gravitational waves: What is the spatial distribution of gravitational waves? Can the speed of a gravitational wave represent the speed of the gravitational field (the speed of the action of the gravitational field upon the object)? What is the speed of the gravitational field? Do gravitational waves caused by the revolution of the Sun affect planetary precession? Can we modify Newton’s gravitational equation through the influence of gravitational waves?

scholarly journals Estimating A Residence-Employment Distribution: An Application Of The Double-Constrained Gravity Model

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Enrique R. Venta
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Gravity Model ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Spatial Location ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
Economic Planning ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Physical Interaction ◽  
Southwestern Part ◽  
Economic Forces

A complex problem in socio-economic planning deals with the measurement of the interaction between zones or activity regions. This problem has received considerable attention in transportation, planning, economics and geography, and several types of analytical models have been developed. Several models are inspired by the assumption that the socio-economic forces governing the urban spatial location process behave in analogous ways to the physical interaction of bodies as described by Newtons gravitational law.In this work, a double constrained gravity model was used to estimate the interaction between geo-political zones due to resident labor population and employment opportunities. The work is part of a larger project which attempts to evaluate different industrial development strategies for the southwestern part of Puerto Rico.

scholarly journals Integration Development of Urban Agglomeration in Central Liaoning, China, by Trajectory Gravity Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 698
Author(s):  
Ruren Li ◽  
Shoujia Li ◽  
Zhiwei Xie
Keyword(s):  
Gravity Model ◽  
Gravitational Force ◽  
Main Idea ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Urban Agglomeration ◽  
Economic Research ◽  
The Core ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Two Indices ◽  
Spatial Trajectory

Integration development of urban agglomeration is important for regional economic research and management. In this paper, a method was proposed to study the integration development of urban agglomeration by trajectory gravity model. It can analyze the gravitational strength of the core city to other cities and characterize the spatial trajectory of its gravitational direction, expansion, etc. quantitatively. The main idea is to do the fitting analysis between the urban axes and the gravitational lines. The correlation coefficients retrieved from the fitting analysis can reflect the correlation of two indices. For the different cities in the same year, a higher value means a stronger relationship. There is a clear gravitational force between the cities when the value above 0.75. For the most cities in different years, the gravitational force between the core city with itself is increasing by years. At the same time, the direction of growth of the urban axes tends to increase in the direction of the gravitational force between cities. There is a clear tendency for the trajectories of the cities to move closer together. The proposed model was applied to the integration development of China Liaoning central urban agglomeration from 2008 to 2016. The results show that cities are constantly attracted to each other through urban gravity.

scholarly journals Grativation origin

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Physicist Zheng shengming
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Force ◽  
Interaction Force ◽  
Elementary Particles ◽  
Universal Gravitation ◽  
Classification Approach ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
World Point ◽  
Origin Mechanism

<div>In the process of humanity searching for beauty and secret of nature; people have been gradually getting familiar with many interactions in nature. Today, the whole diversity of naturally occurring forces can be reduced to four fundamental types of interaction: gravitational, weak, electromagnetic, and strong. Obviously, this kind of classification approach is based on their interaction characteristics rather than based on the mechanism of what how give rise to these four types of force. Until today, people still have no notion of their origin mechanism. Namely humanity does not know what is responsible for the origin of these forces. In order to answer their origin, I did some experiments and discovered that moving photons generate gravitation. This discovery come to light the origin of gravitation. In a word, these experiments indicate that moving of elementary particles bring on interaction force what appearing behavior of gravitation, and this interaction lead to gravitational force in the macro world. Meanwhile these discoveries application in the macro world point out the meaning of law of Universal gravitation, and solve some enigmas which law of Universal gravitation have not solved until today. These works reveal the origin of gravitation.</div><div><br></div>

scholarly journals A fast quadrature-based gravity model for the homogeneous polyhedron

2019 ◽  
Vol 492 (1) ◽  
pp. 420-430
Author(s):  
Jason M Pearl ◽  
Darren L Hitt
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Field ◽  
Gravity Model ◽  
Approximate Model ◽  
Edge Length ◽  
Gravity Models ◽  
Surface Topology ◽  
Constant Density ◽  
Bulk Properties ◽  
Average Edge Length ◽  
Computationally Expensive

ABSTRACT To date several probes have been sent to explore the Solar system’s asteroids and comets. These bodies are often irregular in shape and to safely navigate probes in their vicinity accurate gravity models are required. For an arbitrarily shaped constant-density body, the gravitational field can be determined from the surface topology and bulk properties. This is achieved by replacing the body’s true geometry with a polyhedron that closely resembles it and for which analytic equations for the gravitational field exist. For some applications however, these equations are too computationally expensive and it can be beneficial to replace them with numerically amenable approximations. In this work, a numerical-quadrature-based model for the gravitational field of a polyhedron consisting of triangular facets is derived. The proposed approximate model is found to be faster than its analytic counterpart. The error of the approximation is found to be negligible for the potential and Laplacian calculations. The approximate model introduces singularities to the surface of the acceleration calculation degrading the solution at altitudes less than the average edge length of the polyhedron.

scholarly journals A Novel Hierarchical Clustering Approach Based on Universal Gravitation

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Peng Zhang ◽  
Kun She
Keyword(s):  
Hierarchical Clustering ◽  
Clustering Analysis ◽  
Gravitational Force ◽  
Clustering Algorithms ◽  
Influence Coefficient ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Universal Gravitation ◽  
Real World Data ◽  
Gravitational Influence ◽  
Clustering Approach

The target of the clustering analysis is to group a set of data points into several clusters based on the similarity or distance. The similarity or distance is usually a scalar used in numerous traditional clustering algorithms. Nevertheless, a vector, such as data gravitational force, contains more information than a scalar and can be applied in clustering analysis to promote clustering performance. Therefore, this paper proposes a three-stage hierarchical clustering approach called GHC, which takes advantage of the vector characteristic of data gravitational force inspired by the law of universal gravitation. In the first stage, a sparse gravitational graph is constructed based on the top k data gravitations between each data point and its neighbors in the local region. Then the sparse graph is partitioned into many subgraphs by the gravitational influence coefficient. In the last stage, the satisfactory clustering result is obtained by merging these subgraphs iteratively by using a new linkage criterion. To demonstrate the performance of GHC algorithm, the experiments on synthetic and real-world data sets are conducted, and the results show that the GHC algorithm achieves better performance than the other existing clustering algorithms.

scholarly journals A simple explanation of the nonappearance of physical gluons and quarks

2002 ◽  
Vol 80 (9) ◽  
pp. 1093-1097 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Hansson
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Quantum Chromodynamics ◽  
Approximation Method ◽  
Perturbative Expansion ◽  
Simple Explanation ◽  
Yang Mills ◽  
Quark Field ◽  
Physical Particle ◽  
Color Field ◽  
Particle Interpretation

We show that the nonappearance of gluons and quarks as physical particles is a rigorous and automatic result of the full, i.e., nonperturbative, nonabelian nature of the color interaction in quantum chromodynamics (QCD). This makes it, in general, impossible to describe the color field as a collection of elementary quanta (gluons). Neither can a quark be an elementary quantum of the quark field, as the color field of which it is the source is itself a source, making isolated noninteracting quarks, crucial for a physical particle interpretation, impossible. In geometrical language, the impossibility of quarks and gluons as physical elementary particles arises due to the fact that the color Yang–Mills space does not have a constant trivial curvature. In QCD, the particles "gluons" and "quarks" are merely artifacts of an approximation method (the perturbative expansion) and are simply absent in the exact theory. This also coincides with the empirical, experimental evidence. PACS Nos.: 12.38Aw, 03.70+k, 11.15-q

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