Statistical Mechanical Interpretation of Black Hole Entropy

1994 ◽  
Vol 49 (11) ◽  
pp. 1023-1030
Author(s):  
F. Winterberg
Keyword(s):  
Black Hole ◽  
Gravitational Field ◽  
Gravitational Collapse ◽  
Black Hole Entropy ◽  
Field Energy ◽  
Planck Mass ◽  
Statistical Mechanical ◽  
Mechanical Interpretation ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Matter Energy

Abstract It is shown that the Bekenstein-Hawking formula for the entropy of a black hole can be given a statistical mechanical interpretation in terms of Planck mass particles. It is furthermore shown that the previously proposed Planck aether model (assuming that space is densely filled with an equal number of positive and negative Planck masses) gives an expression for the black hole entropy, different from the Bekenstein-Hawking formula, with the entropy proportional to the 3/4 power of the black hole surface rather than proportional to its surface. The Planck aether model also gives an expression for the entropy of the gravitational field, which for a black hole is the entropy of negative Planck masses. To be consistent with Nernst's theorem, it is conjectured that this gravitational field entropy is negative. For a universe in which the sum of the positive matter energy and the negative gravitational field energy is zero, the sum of the matter and gravitational field entropy would therefore vanish as well. Because the positive and negative Planck masses are separated from each other, a cancellation of their entropy appears to be only possible in the event of a gravitational collapse of the universe as a whole.

scholarly journals Entropic gravity from noncommutative black holes

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (01) ◽  
pp. 1850004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael C. Nunes ◽  
Hooman Moradpour ◽  
Edésio M. Barboza ◽  
Everton M. C. Abreu ◽  
Jorge Ananias Neto
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Black Hole ◽  
Gravitational Field ◽  
Cosmological Constant ◽  
Black Hole Entropy ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Isotropic Universe ◽  
Entropic Gravity ◽  
The Universe

In this paper, we investigated the effects of a noncommutative (NC) space-time on the dynamics of the Universe. We generalize the black hole entropy for a NC black hole. Then, using the entropic gravity formalism, we will show that the noncommutativity changes the strength of the gravitational field. By applying this result to a homogeneous and isotropic Universe containing nonrelativistic matter and a cosmological constant, we show that the modified scenario by the noncommutativity of the space-time is a better fit to the obtained data than the standard one at 68% CL.

scholarly journals Applications of light speed expansion and gravitational self-energy density in black hole cosmology

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 123
Author(s):  
Satya Seshavatharam UV ◽  
Terry Tatum E ◽  
Lakshminarayana S
Keyword(s):  
Black Hole ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Planck Scale ◽  
Cosmic Inflation ◽  
Self Energy ◽  
Light Speed ◽  
Cosmological Observations ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Matter Energy

<p>From the beginning of Planck scale to the scale of the current Hubble radius: 1) Considering the relation, subjects of black holes and cosmology, both can be integrated into evolving black hole cosmology and cosmic horizon problem can be relinquished. 2) Considering ‘continuous light speed expansion’ of the cosmic black hole horizon, attributed results of cosmic inflation can be re-addressed completely. If ‘nature’ of the universe is to expand with light speed, then there is no need to think about the existence of currently believed ‘Lambda term’. In addition, ‘light speed expanding cosmic space’ can be called as ‘flat space’. 3) Considering the ratio of gravitational self-energy density and thermal energy density to be  (where  is the Planck scale temperature, and is cosmic temperature at any time). Quantum gravity can be implemented in low energy scale current cosmological observations. Considering the above concepts, currently believed dark matter energy density and visible matter energy density both can be accurately fitted with the ratio of current gravitational self-energy density and current thermal energy density. To proceed further, the authors would like to highlight the following three points: 1) Deep-space red shift non-linearity can be expected to be connected with cosmological gravitational and relativistic effects and cannot be considered as a major criterion of cosmic evolution. 2) Until one finds solid applications of super luminal speeds and super luminal expansions in other areas of physics like astrophysics and nuclear astrophysics, currently believed ‘cosmic inflation’ cannot be considered as a real physical model and alternative proposals of inflation can be given a chance in exploring the evolving history of the universe. 3) Implementing Planck scale in current paradigm of cosmological observations and standard cosmology is very challenging and is inevitable.</p>

scholarly journals TOWARDS A THEORY OF QUANTUM BLACK HOLES

2002 ◽  
Vol 17 (06n07) ◽  
pp. 979-988 ◽  
Author(s):  
VICTOR BEREZIN
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Black Hole ◽  
Mass Spectrum ◽  
Gravitational Collapse ◽  
Black Hole Entropy ◽  
Black Hole Mass ◽  
Quantum Black Hole ◽  
Classical Analog ◽  
Hole Model ◽  
Specific Quantum

We describe some specific quantum black hole model. It is pointed out that the origin of a black hole entropy is the very process of quantum gravitational collapse. The quantum black hole mass spectrum is extracted from the mass spectrum of the gravitating source. The classical analog of quantum black hole is constructed.

scholarly journals THERMODYNAMICAL LAWS IN HOŘAVA–LIFSHITZ GRAVITY

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (07) ◽  
pp. 1191-1204 ◽  
Author(s):  
SAMARPITA BHATTACHARYA ◽  
UJJAL DEBNATH
Keyword(s):  
Black Hole ◽  
Dark Energy ◽  
Black Hole Entropy ◽  
Gravity Theory ◽  
Robust Approach ◽  
Barotropic Fluid ◽  
Extra Information ◽  
Thermodynamical Laws ◽  
The Universe

In this work, we investigate the validity of the GSL of thermodynamics in the universe (open, closed and flat) governed by Hořava–Lifshitz (HL) gravity. If the universe contains barotropic fluid, we obtain the corresponding solutions. The validity of the GSL is examined by two approaches: (i) the robust approach and (ii) the effective approach. In the robust approach, we consider that the universe contains only matter fluid. Also, the effect of the gravitational sector of HL gravity is incorporated through the modified black hole entropy on the horizon. The effective approach is that all extra information of HL gravity is cast into an effective dark energy fluid, and so we consider that the universe contains matter fluid plus this effective fluid. This approach is essentially the same as Einstein's gravity theory. The general prescription for the validity of the GSL is discussed. Graphically, we show that the GSL may be satisfied for the open, closed and flat universes on the different horizons with different conditions.

Wormholes, Time Travel, and Other Exotic Theories

2020 ◽  
pp. 72-87
Author(s):  
John W. Moffat
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Black Hole ◽  
Gravitational Waves ◽  
Black Hole Entropy ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Superstring Theory ◽  
Quantum Radiation ◽  
Higher Dimensional ◽  
Mathematical Equations ◽  
The Universe

In 1935, Einstein and Rosen described what is now called the Einstein-Rosen bridge. Wheeler called this a wormhole, which could connect two distant parts of the universe. Thorne and Morris showed the wormhole cannot be traversable unless exotic matter with negative energy props it up. Using the Penrose mechanism of superradiance, one can produce rotational energy from a black hole, which could be used to detect dark matter particles. Higher dimensional objects such as branes in superstring theory have been considered as sources of gravitational waves. Black holes have even been proposed to be giant atoms, related to Hawking radiation and black hole entropy. Bekenstein and Mukhanov postulated that black holes radiated quantum radiation. Many such speculative ideas have been put forth that could potentially be verified by detecting gravitational waves. Yet, many physicists work with mathematical equations, unconcerned with whether their ideas can be verified or falsified by experiments.

scholarly journals THE QUANTUM GRAVITATIONAL BLACK HOLE IS NEITHER BLACK NOR WHITE

2004 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 2369-2373 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. P. SINGH ◽  
CENALO VAZ
Keyword(s):  
Black Hole ◽  
Gravitational Collapse ◽  
Black Hole Entropy ◽  
Accurate Estimate ◽  
Information Loss ◽  
Mass Energy ◽  
Central Black Hole ◽  
Information Loss Paradox ◽  
Lattice Regularization ◽  
Microscopic Origin

Understanding the end state of black hole evaporation, the microscopic origin of black hole entropy, the information loss paradox, and the nature of the singularity arising in gravitational collapse — these are outstanding challenges for any candidate quantum theory of gravity. Recently, a midisuperspace model of quantum gravitational collapse has been solved using a lattice regularization scheme. It is shown that the mass of an eternal black hole follows the Bekenstein spectrum, and a related argument provides a fairly accurate estimate of the entropy. The solution also describes a quantized mass–energy distribution around a central black hole, which in the WKB approximation, is precisely Hawking radiation. The leading quantum gravitational correction makes the spectrum non-thermal, thus providing a plausible resolution of the information loss problem.

scholarly journals Solutions to the Puzzles of Quantum Gravity and General Theory of Quantum Gravity and Quantum Gravity of the Universe and General Black Hole

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Huang ◽  
Yong-Chang Huang ◽  
Xinfei Li
Keyword(s):  
Black Hole ◽  
Gravitational Field ◽  
General Theory ◽  
Quantum Gravity ◽  
Lagrange Equation ◽  
Field Theories ◽  
Canonical Momentum ◽  
Gravitational Fields ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
The Universe

This paper gives both the solutions to the puzzles of quantum gravity and a general theory of quantum gravity, further shows quantum gravity of the Universe and general black hole, and discovers their relations reflecting symmetric propertis of the standard nonlinear gravitational Lagrangian, which are not relevant to any concrete metric models. This paper concretely shows the general commutation relations of the general gravitational field operators and their zeroth, first, second and third style, respectively, of high order canonical momentum operators for the general nonlinear system of the standard gravitational Lagrangian, and then has finished all the four styles of the quantization of the standard gravity. No needing, as usual, to solve the Euler-Lagrange equation to complete the whole process of the quantization of the standard gravitational fields, namely, this paper novelly simplifies all the current quantization theories of the standard gravitational fields. So lots of the complex calculations of quantum gravitational field theories up to now can be omitted to make the physical picture clearer, simpler and more easily understanding. Therefore, the solutions to puzzles of quantum gravity are given. Consequently, this paper opens a door to study and give a general theory of the quantum gravitational field don't depending on any concrete metric models.

scholarly journals Thermodynamics of a Black Hole

2015 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 123-137
Author(s):  
K.A.I.L. Wijewardena Gamalath ◽  
N.S. Rajapakse
Keyword(s):  
Black Hole ◽  
Visible Region ◽  
Black Hole Entropy ◽  
Mass Variation ◽  
Schwarzschild Black Hole ◽  
Black Hole Evaporation ◽  
Time Variations ◽  
The Given ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Over Time

A simple model was setup to find the mass variation over time for a Schwarzschild black hole. The temperature and entropy of a black hole was obtained from the numerically solved mass variation and the time variations of the black hole thermodynamic parameters were simulated. The mass of a given black hole reduces rapidly. The time taken for a black hole to vanish increases in an increasing rate with the given initial mass of the black hole. The temperature of a black hole drastically increases at the final stage of the black hole evaporation. The colour attributed to that temperature was found to be in the visible region for a significant amount of time. The black hole entropy also drastically reduces with its mass and through Hawking radiation it is added to the rest of the universe.

scholarly journals SYMMETRIES, HORIZONS AND BLACK HOLE ENTROPY

2008 ◽  
Vol 17 (03n04) ◽  
pp. 659-664 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. CARLIP
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Black Hole ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Conformal Symmetry ◽  
Goldstone Boson ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Black Hole Entropy ◽  
Conformal Anomaly ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Statistical Mechanical

Black holes behave as thermodynamic systems, and a central task of any quantum theory of gravity is to explain these thermal properties. A statistical-mechanical description of black hole entropy once seemed remote, but today we suffer an embarrassment of riches: despite counting very different states, many inequivalent approaches to quantum gravity obtain identical results. Such "universality" may reflect an underlying two-dimensional conformal symmetry near the horizon, which can be powerful enough to control the thermal characteristics independent of other details of the theory. This picture suggests an elegant description of the relevant degrees of freedom as Goldstone-boson-like excitations arising from symmetry breaking by the conformal anomaly.

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