scholarly journals Effect of Some Substituted Benzoic Acids and Related Compounds on the Distribution of Callus Growth in Tobacco Stem Explants.

1959 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
George W. Keitt ◽  
Folke Skoog
Keyword(s):  
Callus Growth ◽  
Stem Explants ◽  
Benzoic Acids ◽  
Tobacco Stem ◽  
Substituted Benzoic Acids ◽  
Related Compounds

Chlorosis induced by substituted benzoic acids and related compounds

1967 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 368-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Dimmock
Keyword(s):  
Benzoic Acids ◽  
Substituted Benzoic Acids ◽  
Related Compounds

Plant Hormone Activity of Substituted Benzoic Acids and Related Compounds

Weeds ◽  
1952 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold J. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Plant Hormone ◽  
Benzoic Acids ◽  
Hormone Activity ◽  
Substituted Benzoic Acids ◽  
Related Compounds

Acid strengths of some substituted picric acids

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Pearce ◽  
R. J. J. Simkins
Keyword(s):  
Dissociation Constants ◽  
Potential Method ◽  
Acid Strength ◽  
Large Series ◽  
Benzoic Acids ◽  
Convenient Means ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
Substituted Benzoic Acids ◽  
Related Compounds ◽  
Good Agreement

The aqueous dissociation constants for a number of substituted picric acids and related compounds have been determined spectrophotometrically, and the values obtained correlated with the mid-equivalence potentials obtained by half-neutralization in acetone solution. Analysis of these results together with those obtained similarly for substituted benzoic acids shows that while the mid-equivalence potential method affords a rapid and convenient means of making a good estimate of the acid strength of a compound, it has its limitations and is only strictly applicable within the confines of a series of closely similar compounds. The observed pKa values of a large series of polysubstituted phenols were correlated with the predicted values obtained from the Hammett relation, and good agreement obtained, even with substituted picric acids; styphnic acids appear to behave anomalously.

Kinetics and Mechanism of Decomposition of 1,3-Bis(4-methylphenyl)triazene Catalyzed with Substituted Benzoic Acids in 25% Aqueous Methanol-General or Specific Catalysis?

1994 ◽  
Vol 59 (9) ◽  
pp. 2029-2041
Author(s):  
Oldřich Pytela ◽  
Taťjana Nevěčná
Keyword(s):  
Benzoic Acids ◽  
Hammett Equation ◽  
Aqueous Methanol ◽  
Mechanism Of Decomposition ◽  
Kinetics Of Decomposition ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Amino Derivatives ◽  
Substituted Benzoic Acids ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Kinetics Of

The kinetics of decomposition of 1,3-bis(4-methylphenyl)triazene catalyzed with 13 substituted benzoic acids of various concentrations have been measured in 25 vol.% aqueous methanol at 25.0 °C. The rate constants observed (297 data) have be used as values of independent variable in a series of models of the catalyzed decomposition. For the catalytic particles were considered the undissociated acid, its conjugated base, and the proton in both the specific and general catalyses. Some models presumed formation of reactive or nonreactive complexes of the individual reactants. The substituent effect is described by the Hammett equation. The statistically best model in which the observed rate constant is a superposition of a term describing the dependence on proton concentration and a term describing the dependence on the product of concentrations of proton and conjugated base is valid with the presumption of complete proton transfer from the catalyst acid to substrate, which has been proved. The behaviour of 4-dimethylamino, 4-amino, and 3-amino derivatives is anomalous (lower catalytic activity as compared with benzoic acid). This supports the presumed participation of conjugated base in the title process.

Kinetic study of hydrolysis of benzoates. part xxvii. ortho substituent effect in alkaline hydrolysis of phenyl esters of substituted benzoic acids in aqueous Bu4NBr

2009 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vilve Nummert ◽  
Mare Piirsalu ◽  
Signe Vahur ◽  
Oksana Travnikova ◽  
Ilmar A. Koppel
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Hydrolysis ◽  
Rate Constants ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Substituent Effects ◽  
Benzoic Acids ◽  
Resonance Effects ◽  
The Media ◽  
Substituted Benzoic Acids ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Ortho Substituent

The second-order rate constants k (in dm3 mol–1 s–1) for alkaline hydrolysis of phenyl esters of meta-, para- and ortho-substituted benzoic acids, X-C6H4CO2C6H5, have been measured spectrophotometrically in aqueous 0.5 and 2.25 M Bu4NBr at 25 °C. The substituent effects for para and meta derivatives were described using the Hammett relationship. For the ortho derivatives the Charton equation was used. For ortho-substituted esters two steric scales were involved: the EsB and the Charton steric (υ) constants. When going from pure water to aqueous 0.5 and 2.25 M Bu4NBr, the meta and para polar effects, the ortho inductive and resonance effects in alkaline hydrolysis of phenyl esters of substituted benzoic acids, became stronger nearly to the same extent as found for alkaline hydrolysis of C6H5CO2C6H4-X. The steric term of ortho-substituted esters was almost independent of the media considered. The rate constants of alkaline hydrolysis of ortho-, meta- and para-substituted phenyl benzoates (X-C6H4CO2C6H5, C6H5CO2C6H4-X) and alkyl benzoates, C6H5CO2R, in water, 0.5 and 2.25 M Bu4NBr were correlated with the corresponding IR stretching frequencies of carbonyl group, (ΔνCO)X.

scholarly journals XVIII.—Diortho-substituted benzoic acids. Part III. Hydrolysis of substituted benzamides

1897 ◽  
Vol 71 (0) ◽  
pp. 229-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
John J. Sudborough ◽  
Percy G. Jackson ◽  
Lorenzo L. Lloyd
Keyword(s):  
Benzoic Acids ◽  
Substituted Benzamides ◽  
Substituted Benzoic Acids ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Solvational Behavior of Some Substituted Benzoic Acids in Ethanol–Water Mixtures at 298.15 K

1993 ◽  
Vol 66 (10) ◽  
pp. 2785-2789 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. K. Biswas ◽  
S. C. Lahiri ◽  
B. P. Dey
Keyword(s):  
Benzoic Acids ◽  
Substituted Benzoic Acids

SOME SULFONYL DERIVATIVES OF CAMPHOR, N-PHENYLSUCCINIMIDE, 2-AMINOPHENOL AND SUBSTITUTED BENZOIC ACIDS

1982 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Cremlyn ◽  
Keith Burrell ◽  
Kenneth Fish ◽  
Ian Hough ◽  
Donovan Mason
Keyword(s):  
Benzoic Acids ◽  
Substituted Benzoic Acids ◽  
Derivatives Of

Kinetic Study of Hydrolysis of Benzoates. Part XXV. Ortho Substituent Effect in Alkaline Hydrolysis of Phenyl Esters of Substituted Benzoic Acids in Water

2006 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vilve Nummert ◽  
Mare Piirsalu ◽  
Vahur Mäemets ◽  
Ilmar Koppel
Keyword(s):  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Alkaline Hydrolysis ◽  
Substituent Effect ◽  
Ethyl Esters ◽  
Benzoic Acids ◽  
Neat Water ◽  
Substituted Benzoic Acids ◽  
Hydrolysis Of Esters ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

The second-order rate constants k2 for alkaline hydrolysis of phenyl esters of meta-, para- and ortho-substituted benzoic acids, X-C6H4CO2C6H5 (X = H, 3-Cl, 3-NO2, 3-CH3, 4-NO2, 4-Cl, 4-F, 4-CH3, 4-OCH3, 4-NH2, 2-NO2, 2-CN, 2-F, 2-Cl, 2-Br, 2-I, 2-CH3, 2-OCH3, 2-CF3, 2-NH2), and of substituted phenyl esters of benzoic acid, C6H5CO2C6H4-X (X = 2-I, 2-CF3, 2-C(CH3)3, 4-Cl, 4-CH3, 4-OCH3, 4-NH2), have been measured spectrophotometrically in water at 25 °C. The substituent effect in alkaline hydrolysis of phenyl esters of para-substituted benzoic acids, similar to that for ethyl esters of para-substituted benzoic acids, was found to be precisely described by the Hammett relationship (ρ = 1.7 in water). The log k value for alkaline hydrolysis of phenyl and ethyl esters of meta-, para- and ortho-substituted benzoic acids, X-C6H4CO2R, was nicely correlated with log km,p,ortho = log ko + (ρ)m,pσ + (ρI)orthoσI + (ρ°R)orthoσ°R + δorthoEsB where σ, σI, σ°R are the Hammett polar, Taft inductive and Taft resonance (σ°R = σ° - σI) substituent constants, respectively. EsB is the steric scale for ortho substituents calculated on the basis of the log k values for the acid hydrolysis of ortho- substituted phenyl benzoates in water owing to the ortho substituent in the phenyl of phenyl benzoates. In water, the main factors responsible for changes in the ortho substituent effect in alkaline hydrolysis of phenyl and ethyl esters of ortho-substituted benzoic acids, X-C6H4CO2R, were found to be the inductive and steric factors while the role of the resonance term was negligible ((ρ°R)ortho ca. 0.3). In alkaline hydrolysis of substituted benzoates in neat water, the ortho inductive effect appeared to be 1.5 times and steric influence 2.7 times higher than the corresponding influences from the ortho position in the phenyl of phenyl benzoates. The contributions of the steric effects in alkaline hydrolysis of esters of ortho-substituted benzoic acids was found to be approximately the same as in acid hydrolysis of esters of ortho-substituted benzoic and acid esterification of ortho-substituted benzoic acids.

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