scholarly journals Synchrotron Radiation Sources – Present Capabilities and Future Directions

1998 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 168-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herman Winick
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Storage Rings ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Beam Emittance ◽  
High Brightness ◽  
Performance Levels ◽  
Electron Sources ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Pass Through

Many of the more than 40 operational light sources around the world have achieved performance levels that exceed initial design goals. These accomplishments are reviewed, along with concepts and proposals for sources with performance levels exceeding those of present sources. These include storage rings with lower electron-beam emittance than present third-generation rings and free-electron lasers (FELs). It now appears that the highest performance sources will be based on linacs rather than storage rings. This is because emittance originates differently and scales differently with electron energy for rings and linacs, so that the lowest electron-beam emittance can be achieved in high-energy linacs equipped with high-brightness electron sources. Such electron beams can be used to provide X-ray beams with very high brightness and coherence in sub-picosecond pulses in a single pass through a small-gap short-period undulator by spontaneous emission, and with even higher beam brightness and coherence by stimulated coherent emission in an FEL. Designs for such FEL sources, and associated research and development, are underway at several laboratories.

Elliptical plasma-filled waveguide as a new standard short-period undulator

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mansour Hadad ◽  
Sirous Yousefnejad ◽  
Farhad Saeidi ◽  
Javad Rahighi ◽  
Babak Shokri
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Synchrotron Radiation ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Microwave Frequency ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Elliptical Cross Section ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Elliptical Cross ◽  
Short Period

Undulators as the sources of high-brilliance synchrotron radiation are of widespread interest in new generations of light sources and free-electron lasers. Microwave propagation in a plasma-filled elliptical waveguide can be studied as a standard short-period undulator. This structure as a lucrative insertion device can be installed in the storage ring of third- and fourth-generation light sources to produce high-energy and high-brilliance synchrotron radiation. In this article, the propagation of the transverse electric modes in a plasma-filled waveguide with an elliptical cross-section is investigated, and the field components, the cut-off frequencies and the electron beam trajectory are calculated. With due consideration of the electron beam dynamics and in order to achieve a standard short-period undulator, parameters such as the dimensions of the waveguide elliptical cross-section, the microwave frequency and the plasma density are calculated.

Compact IR synchrotron beamline design

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 386-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thierry Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Mechanical Deformation ◽  
Storage Rings ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Beam Emittance ◽  
Technical Ability ◽  
Optical Layout ◽  
And Control

Third-generation storage rings are massively evolving due to the very compact nature of the multi-bend achromat (MBA) lattice which allows amazing decreases of the horizontal electron beam emittance, but leaves very little place for infrared (IR) extraction mirrors to be placed, thus prohibiting traditional IR beamlines. In order to circumvent this apparent restriction, an optimized optical layout directly integrated inside a SOLEIL synchrotron dipole chamber that delivers intense and almost aberration-free beams in the near- to mid-IR domain (1–30 µm) is proposed and analyzed, and which can be integrated into space-restricted MBA rings. Since the optics and chamber are interdependent, the feasibility of this approach depends on a large part on the technical ability to assemble mechanically the optics inside the dipole chamber and control their resulting stability and thermo-mechanical deformation. Acquiring this expertise should allow dipole chambers to provide almost aberration-free IR synchrotron sources on current and `ultimate' MBA storage rings.

Heat Transfer Modeling for Vaporizing in Vacuum Electron Beam Welding on Magnesium Alloy

2013 ◽  
Vol 681 ◽  
pp. 314-318
Author(s):  
Yi Luo
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Magnesium Alloy ◽  
Electron Beam Welding ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Deep Penetration ◽  
Transfer Model ◽  
Metal Elements ◽  
Short Period

A heat transfer model for vaporizing in vacuum electron beam welding on magnesium alloy is developed based on the laws of heat conduction and energy conservation. The vaporizing time of the main metal elements in AZ series magnesium alloy is calculated using the model. The results show that the vaporization of Mg element will precede the Zn element under the affecting of high energy density electron beam. The vaporizing times of alloying elements are not entirely dependent on the level of the boiling point, to a certain extent, also dependent on the thermal diffusivity and are closely related to the latent heat of vaporizing and melting of the materials. The change of beam spot diameter of electron beam also greatly alters the heat transfer characteristics of electron beam heat source beam. As the strong vaporizing effect of Mg element will occur within several milliseconds, the keyhole induced by the metal elements vaporizing is formed only within several milliseconds, but also the deep penetration welding effect of vacuum electron beam welding of magnesium alloys will be obtained in a very short period of time.

Synthesis and Electron-Beam Modification of Zinc-Sulphide Phosphors for Solid-State Radioluminescent Light Sources (SRLS)

2021 ◽  
Vol 1040 ◽  
pp. 35-40
Author(s):  
Elena V. Zelenina ◽  
Vadim V. Bakhmetyev ◽  
Maxim М. Sychov ◽  
Mikhail A. Shvindin
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Solid State ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Zinc Sulphide ◽  
Structural Defects ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Electron Beam Treatment ◽  
Phase Content ◽  
Initial Batch ◽  
Radioluminescent Light Sources

Radioluminescence technologies are at the front line of the optic and electronic studies. Effective, self-contained and safe radioluminescent light sources can find their application in space industry, in medicine and in military technologies. The question of the performance improvement of the solid-state radioluminescent light sources (SRLS) without raising the included activity of working radionuclide can be solved by upgrading the phosphor crystalline structure. The electron-beam treatment for zinc-sulphide phosphors initial batch has been studied in a wide range of concentrations of the activating agent (Cu) for improving the radioluminescent performances of the phosphors, for creating the structural defects that form centers of luminescence. The changes of the phase composition were investigated under different synthesis conditions. It is revealed that electron-beam treatment of the initial batch leads to the growth of the wurtzite phase content in zinc-sulphide phosphors synthesized below the phase transition temperature. The changes of the phase content promote the spectral redistribution under the tritium beta-excitation. It is obviously the reflection of the fact of «green» luminescence centers rearrangement between the volume of the crystal and its surface. The correlations between structural configuration and performances of ionizing luminescence were found. Electron beam treatment gave the 20% increase of brightness of the radioluminescence. The achieved enhancement of luminescence performances allows the development of advanced tight-packed SRLS with minimal radioactivity and high energy-light conversion.

Vacuum Systems for Synchrotron Light Sources

MRS Bulletin ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 35-41
Author(s):  
J.C. Schuchman
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Storage Ring ◽  
Ultrahigh Vacuum ◽  
Storage Rings ◽  
Vacuum System ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Electron Storage ◽  
Synchrotron Light ◽  
Vacuum Systems ◽  
Synchrotron Light Sources

Synchrotron light sources are electron storage rings that produce synchrotron radiation by accelerating electrons in a circular storage ring. The synchrotron light (photon beam) is then used to irradiate various sample materials for basic and applied research in such fields as solid state physics, biology, chemistry, surface science, and technology.The electron storage ring must provide an ultrahigh vacuum environment for the electron beam to minimize electron residual gas collision which would shorten the beam-lifetime. This article will discuss the design of electron storage ring vacuum systems and materials, and how the choice of materials can affect the machine design.A typical electron storage ring is shown in Figure 1. It consists of an injector (linac and booster), transport system, storage rings, and experimental photon beam lines. These machines vary in size from a few meters in circumference for a compact light source used for x-ray lithography, to a few hundred meters in circumference for high energy physics.The vacuum system for an electron storage ring is an all-metal ultrahigh vacuum system. The operating pressure is in the low 10−9 torr range with stored electron beam, and 10−10 torr without beam.Certain unique vacuum problems must be faced in electron storage ring design: photon-stimulated gas desorption, power dissipation in the chamber walls, impedance changes due to changes in the chamber cross section, conductance limitations, accurate placement of the chamber, and all of those sundry problems associated with a large bake-able all-metal UHV system. Some of these characteristics are illustrated schematically in Figure 2. Two excellent papers that address many of these issues have been written by N. Mistry (system design) and H. Wiedemen (impedances and instabilities).

scholarly journals Coherence properties of the high-energy fourth-generation X-ray synchrotron sources

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1851-1862 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Khubbutdinov ◽  
A. P. Menushenkov ◽  
I. A. Vartanyants
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Storage Ring ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Storage Rings ◽  
Relative Energy ◽  
Diffraction Limit ◽  
Energy Spread ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Low Emittance

An analysis of the coherence properties of the fourth-generation high-energy storage rings with emittance values of 10 pm rad is performed. It is presently expected that a storage ring with these low emittance values will reach diffraction limit at hard X-rays. Simulations of coherence properties were performed with the XRT software and an analytical approach for different photon energies from 500 eV to 50 keV. It was demonstrated that a minimum photon emittance (diffraction limit) reached at such storage rings is λ/2π. Using mode decomposition it is shown that, for the parameters of the storage ring considered in this work, the diffraction limit will be reached for soft X-ray energies of 500 eV. About ten modes will contribute to the radiation field at 12 keV photon energy and even more modes give a contribution at higher photon energies. Energy spread effects of the electron beam in a low-emittance storage ring were analysed in detail. Simulations were performed at different relative energy spread values from zero to 2 × 10−3. A decrease of the degree of coherence with an increase of the relative energy spread value was observed. This analysis shows that, to reach the diffraction limit for high photon energies, electron beam emittance should go down to 1 pm rad and below.

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