scholarly journals Defendants with autism spectrum disorders: what is the role of court liaison and diversion?

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 220-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eddie Chaplin ◽  
Jane McCarthy ◽  
Andrew Forrester
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Current Practice ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Lower Courts ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Court Liaison ◽  
Individual Human

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of liaison and diversion services working in the lower courts (also known as Magistrates’ courts) with regard to autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) and their assessment, in particular, the role of pre-sentence and psychiatric reports and interviews. Design/methodology/approach Current practice is described in the lower courts in the context of current legislation and procedures. Findings When writing reports, there is a need for expertise to offer an opinion on future risk, disposal and what needs to be in place to support people with ASDs. No assumptions should be made when reporting on the basis of an ASD diagnosis alone and each case must be assessed on its individual merits while ensuring that individual human rights are protected. Originality/value There is currently a sparse literature examining ASD in court settings. This paper seeks to clarify the current practice.

scholarly journals The importance of considering trauma in individuals with autism spectrum disorder: considerations and clinical recommendations

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
Clare Sarah Allely ◽  
Lino Faccini
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Clinical Recommendations ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The area of trauma in autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) is an important area given the substantial rates of abuse endured by these individuals. However, there are issues with the identification of trauma, understanding how it is perceived, and manifested. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach The limited research regarding trauma in ASD is reviewed and gaps are identified. Findings The key findings from the relevant literature are discussed. Practical implications Practical suggestions are outlined for more effective identification of trauma in individuals with ASD. Originality/value To date, there has been relatively little research on trauma and ASD. This paper emphasises the urgent need for attention in this area.

Screening tools for autism spectrum disorders

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanja Sappok ◽  
Manuel Heinrich ◽  
Lisa Underwood
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Diagnostic Validity ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Many Instruments ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

Purpose – Diagnosing autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is important over the whole life span. Standardized instruments may support the assessment process. The purpose of this paper is to describe English- and German-screening tools for ASD. Design/methodology/approach – PubMed was used to search for published tools and evidence on their diagnostic validity. Findings – Searches identified 46 screening tools for ASD. Most are designed for children, while only few measures are available for adults, especially those with additional intellectual disabilities. Many instruments are under-researched, although a small number such as the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers and the SCQ have been widely examined in a variety of populations. Originality/value – The study identified and described a number of ASD screeners that can support clinicians or researchers when deciding whether to carry out a more comprehensive ASD assessment.

Autism, intellectual disabilities and additional psychosis, and affiliation to groups with violent ideology: short communication

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Ann Magritt Solheim Inderberg ◽  
Kristin Horndalsveen ◽  
Arne-Henrik Elvehaug ◽  
Yugbadal Mehmi ◽  
Ingvild Jørstad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Impulse Control ◽  
Inpatient Care ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Behaviour Problems ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

Purpose People with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have been associated with criminal acts and affiliation with groups and organisations with violent ideology and practice. The purpose of this paper is to present patients in mental health services with both ASD and psychosis, who are affiliated with such groups. Design/methodology/approach Three vignettes are used as examples. Some of the information is combined for the three participants for presentation. They were scored for mental health symptoms and behaviour problems on admission and discharge from inpatient care. Findings The combination of ASD and psychosis aggravates the problems of both conditions, which may elicit a collapse of both cognitive functioning and especially impulse control, and of the ability to judge whether situations are dangerous or offensive or not. Originality/value The present paper may contribute to a better understanding of the combination of ASD, psychosis and affiliation with groups and organisations as described, especially regarding the importance of identifying psychosis.

scholarly journals Autism spectrum disorder and hate crime

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eddie Chaplin ◽  
Samyukta Mukhopadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Hate Crime ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Hate Crimes ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to offer an overview of hate crime relating to people with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Design/methodology/approach This is a discussion outlining some of the key evidence relating to ASD and hate crime. Findings For too long the issue of hate crime and autism has been neglected in spite of significant numbers of people with ASDs experiencing hate crime and/or harassment on a regular basis. Originality/value Although people with ASD are thought to be subject to high rates of hate crimes the literature is sparse when compared to other strands of hate crime such as race or religion.

Autism spectrum disorders and offending

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 308-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santhana Gunasekaran ◽  
Eddie Chaplin
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Current Evidence Base ◽  
Media Portrayal ◽  
The Media ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

PurposeThis paper seeks to offer a general review of offending and autism spectrum disorders from both the authors' perception of the media portrayal and the current evidence based research.Design/methodology/approachThe authors undertook a review of the current literature relating to autism spectrum disorders and offending and commented on current media reporting to try and offer a balance.FindingsRecent evidence suggests that there is unlikely to be an increased prevalence compared to the general population, but the presence of co‐morbidities may increase the risk of violence.Originality/valueThe paper offers a succinct overview of the current evidence base relating to autism spectrum disorders and offending.

Critical role of dysfunctional mitochondria and defective mitophagy in autism spectrum disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 168 ◽  
pp. 138-145
Author(s):  
Yuan-Mei Wang ◽  
Ming-Yue Qiu ◽  
Qing Liu ◽  
Huang Tang ◽  
Hong-Feng Gu
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

scholarly journals Mutation analysis of the NRXN1 gene in autism spectrum disorders

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Onay ◽  
D Kacamak ◽  
AN Kavasoglu ◽  
B Akgun ◽  
M Yalcinli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Gene Mutations ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Syndromic Autism ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Strong Candidate ◽  
Reduced Penetrance

AbstractThe aim of this study was to identify the sequence mutations in the Neurexin 1 (NRXN1) gene that has been considered as one of the strong candidate genes. A total of 30 children and adolescents (aged 3-18) with non syndromic autism were enrolled this study. Sequencing of the coding exons and the exon-intron boundaries of the NRXN1 gene was performed. Two known mutations were described in two different cases. Heterozygous S14L was determined in one patient and heterozygous L748I was determined in another patient. The S14L and L748I mutations have been described in the patients with autism before. Both of these mutations were inherited from their father. In this study, two of 30 (6.7%) autism spectrum disorder (ASD) patients carrying NRXN1 gene mutations were detected. It indicates that variants in the NRXN1 gene might confer a risk of developing nonsyndromic ASD. However, due to the reduced penetrance in the gene, the causal role of the NRXN1 gene mutations must be evaluated carefully in all cases.

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