Oops, I did it again! Knowledge leaks in open innovation networks with start-ups

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando G. Alberti ◽  
Emanuele Pizzurno
Keyword(s):  
Open Innovation ◽  
Knowledge Flows ◽  
Innovation Networks ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Heterogeneous Players ◽  
Innovation Practices ◽  
Start Ups ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose Little is known, about the role played by start-ups in open innovation networks. Start-ups – due to their nature of new and emerging companies – can largely benefit from the knowledge that can flow intentionally or unintentionally from external partners during open innovation practices. When open innovation networks are not set among peers on both sides the authors expect to have more unintended knowledge flows. Such knowledge “leaks” – as the authors named them – in open innovation networks are totally unexplored in literature. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to focus “whether and how knowledge leaks occur in open innovation networks with start-ups”. Design/methodology/approach The research design of this study relies on social network analysis methods and techniques to disentangle the role of start-ups in open innovation networks – in a major Italian aerospace cluster – vis-à-vis the three types of knowledge considered in this study. Then the authors confirmed knowledge leaks to occur through a multiplexity analysis. In the second stage of the research, the authors decided to strengthen the results, making them more vivid and thorough, relying on four case studies. Findings The paper sheds light on a totally unexplored phenomenon, theorizing on the role of start-ups in open innovation networks and suggesting intriguing implications both for theory and managers on whether and how knowledge leaks occur. Research limitations/implications The main limitations arise from the specific research context, in fact the study has been conducted in an aerospace cluster. So future studies might consider to explore knowledge leaks in non-cluster settings and in low tech industries. Practical implications The results have practical implications both for policy makers and for managers. First of all, the research confirms how open innovation often originates from a combination of different knowledge types acquired through the collaboration with heterogeneous players, start-ups included. Hence, managers may design open innovation strategies balancing their portfolio of collaborations to maximize the absorption of relevant knowledge and start-uppers may consider to engage in open innovation practices to accelerate knowledge absorption. Nevertheless, the study warns managers against the risk of knowledge leaks, especially in cases like start-ups where the eagerness to participate or the prestige associated with participating in open innovation networks with key players may hamper the control over knowledge leaks. Social implications This opens up for possible interventions for policy makers too. First of all, policy makers may consider incorporating the concept of knowledge leaks in their campaign in favour of open innovation. Second, the study may help policy makers in designing programmes for knowledge transfer partnerships amongst the various players of a cluster in a more conscious way, especially warning new to business companies, like start-ups, about possible leaks. Finally, there is also the need of developing professional figures like consultants capable of supporting start-ups in their open innovation practices. Originality/value Findings reported in the paper confirm multiplexity and heteromorphism in knowledge exchanges and shed the light on a completely unexplored field (i.e. open innovation and start-ups), focussing on knowledge leaks. Relevant implications for policy makers and managers are included in the study.

Entrepreneurial communities and family enterprises of India

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanupriya Misra Bakhru ◽  
Manas Behera ◽  
Alka Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Family Businesses ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
Indian Government ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Family Enterprises ◽  
Global Presence ◽  
Source Of Information ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose This paper aims to examine the traditional business communities and family businesses of India, their emergence and sustained growth. Design/methodology/approach The authors analyze the role of business communities in family businesses of India and identify business communities that have still sustained and marked a global presence. Findings Business communities such as Marwaris have the knack for business activities and are leaders of family businesses in India today, who have sustained their past success and continue to create new histories. Other traditional business communities such as Parsis, Sindhis, Chettiars and Gujarati banias have not been able to sustain much. Possible reasons were switching to white-collar jobs, taking up diplomacy and other professions, inter caste marriages, international migration in search of business and Indian government policies. Research limitations/implications This study provides a useful source of information for academics, policy-makers and economists. Practical implications Traditional business communities populate the list of family businesses that have marked their global presence. This paper identifies various factors that are responsible for the growth and sustainability of these business communities. Social implications The study clarifies the role of business communities in domestic economic development. Originality/value The paper explored traditional business communities of India and assessed their role in family businesses of India that currently mark a global presence.

The role of teachers’ self-efficacy between trust and organisational citizenship behaviour among secondary school teachers

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 864-886
Author(s):  
Yuen Onn Choong ◽  
Lee Peng Ng ◽  
Seow Ai Na ◽  
Chun Eng Tan
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Secondary School Teachers ◽  
School Administrator ◽  
School Teachers ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Sense Of Efficacy ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of teachers’ perception on trust over their willingness to exercise organisational citizenship behaviours (OCB) using self-efficacy as a mediator. Design/methodology/approach Usable questionnaires were collected from 411 teachers in secondary schools. A two-stage analytic approach was used to analyse the data. Findings The results indicated that trust and teachers’ self-efficacy dimensions (general teaching and personal teaching) are positively related to OCB. Additionally, trust in the principal, colleagues and clients are predicted to have indirect influence on OCB through self-efficacy. Practical implications Teachers’ personal sense of efficacy is largely dependent on the amount of efforts devoted in their teaching, their decision-making ability and the degree of persistency in solving problematic issues. School management and policy makers are urged to develop effective human resources initiatives and programmes that can create a trusting relationship in the organisation and enhance teachers’ self-efficacy. These may include the socialisation programmes that can inculcate teachers’ inner natures, confidence and interpersonal skills when directed towards perceived abilities in given specific tasks and responsibilities to make a significant impact on OCB. Apart from this, the school administrator is advised to offer relevant training and workshops that able to enhance the efficacy level of teachers. Originality/value This study explored how teachers’ self-efficacy was related to trust and OCB. Teachers’ positive behaviours enable them to have greater belief in their capability of handling pressures and crises. The study contributes to the current body of literature and creates a comprehensive theoretical framework for teachers to be involved in OCB. Besides, these unique findings served as a reference to management of any school to better understand the importance of trust in the school and how it relates to teacher self-efficacy, which, in turn nurture the citizenship behaviour in workplace.

scholarly journals Accelerating chemical start-ups in ecosystems: the need for biotopes

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maarten J.G.M. van Gils ◽  
Floris P.J.T. Rutjes
Keyword(s):  
Open Innovation ◽  
Organizational Capacity ◽  
Innovation Process ◽  
Ecosystem Model ◽  
Innovation Ecosystem ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Innovation Practices ◽  
Start Ups

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to clarify the relationship between start-ups and an innovation ecosystem. Start-ups need resources available in the ecosystem to grow, but experience organizational capacity limitations during their open innovation practices. This study frames the “open innovation” interface and discloses ways to accelerate the process of connecting start-ups’ demands to ecosystem’s supplies. Design/methodology/approach A case study was used to describe the development of a conceptual ecosystem model to frame the “open innovation” interface and its subsequent implementation at nine start-up hotspots in the Dutch chemical industry. To develop the ecosystem model, the system of innovation concept was enriched with the perspective of a chemical start-up to pinpoint critical resources for growth. Findings It is suggested that the most relevant “open innovation” interface for start-ups looking to grow is an innovation biotope: a well-defined, business-oriented cross-section of an ecosystem. All stakeholders in a biotope are carefully selected based on the entrepreneurial issue at stake: they can only enter the secured marketplace if they are able to provide dedicated solutions to start-ups. The biotope enables “open innovation in a closed system” which results in acceleration of the innovation process. Originality/value This is the first study to report on the definition and implementation of an innovation biotope as the “open innovation” interface between an ecosystem and start-ups. In addition, it provides a powerful tool, the ecosystem canvas, that can help both regional and national innovation systems to visualize their ecosystem and identify blind spots.

The role of owner/manager in adoption of electronic commerce in small businesses

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 754-787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morteza Ghobakhloo ◽  
Sai Hong Tang
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Commerce ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Research Model ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Managerial Level ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose – Based on theories from the innovation diffusion literature, the purpose of this paper is to develop an integrated model of electronic commerce (EC) adoption in small businesses (SBs) of developing countries. The research model specifies variables at managerial level as the primary determinants to EC adoption in SBs. Design/methodology/approach – A questionnaire-based field survey was conducted to collect data from 268 owner/managers of SBs in Iran. The data were analysed using factorial analysis. Subsequently, six hypotheses were derived and tested by hierarchical multiple regression and logistic regression analysis. Findings – Perceived benefits, perceived compatibility, perceived risks, perceived costs, and innovativeness were found to be the significant determinants of decision to adopt EC. Likewise, discussion on discriminators between adopters and non-adopters of different EC applications has been provided. Research limitations/implications – Cross-sectional data of this research tends to have certain limitations when it comes to explaining the direction of causality of the relationships between the variables. The study focuses only on the manufacturing SBs of Iran. Practical implications – The research findings have important implications for practising managers, information systems experts, and policy-makers. Governments should follow specific policies to facilitate institutionalisation of EC in SBs. Similarly, EC vendors and technology providers should collaborate with SBs to enhance the compatibility of different EC applications with specific characteristics of these businesses. Originality/value – To the best of the authors' knowledge, this paper is perhaps one of the first that examines the adoption of EC by SBs in a developing country context, using a research model which tests the effects of owner/managers' attributes on adoption of simple and advanced EC applications.

Design-based learning to enhance absorptive capacity for open innovation: the case of 3D Tune-In

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (9) ◽  
pp. 1819-1839
Author(s):  
Luca Simeone ◽  
Giustina Secundo ◽  
Antonio Messeni Petruzzelli ◽  
Giovanni Schiuma
Keyword(s):  
Absorptive Capacity ◽  
Open Innovation ◽  
Design Research ◽  
Learning Processes ◽  
Knowledge Flows ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Knowledge Processes ◽  
Organisational Knowledge

PurposeThis paper explores how learning processes supported by intensive use of design can favour absorptive capacity in open innovation contexts characterised by the interaction of a high number of diverse stakeholders.Design/methodology/approachThe paper combines the insights from theory with the empirical evidence gathered by adopting a case study approach.FindingsFindings provide evidence about the role of design-based learning to facilitate intra- and inter-organisational knowledge flows and to sustain absorptive capacity through processes of recognition, internalisation and adoption.Research limitations/implicationsThe study integrates currently distinct research streams focussing on (1) design research, particularly on how design can support knowledge processes and specific learning processes and (2) open innovation, particularly regarding how to enhance absorptive capacity in those contexts in which a high number of diverse stakeholders interact.Practical implicationsThis study can help companies, research institutions and other organisations leveraging open innovation to reflect on the potential of design-based learning processes and on how to deliberately facilitate such processes in their projects.Originality/valueThe original contribution provided by this study is to explore open innovation through some analytical categories elaborated in design research concerning materially grounded forms of design-based learning. In particular, the study investigates how design supports knowledge transfer, sharing, translation and creation.

Open innovation: a growth powerhouse when integrated with dynamic digital technologies

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Lipp ◽  
Anthony Marshall ◽  
Jacob Dencik
Keyword(s):  
Open Innovation ◽  
Business Performance ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Growth Strategy ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Recent Emergence ◽  
New Research ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Future Growth

Purpose The more recent emergence of advanced digital technologies and the acceleration of process digitization, combined with rising stakeholder expectations, have created an urgent imperative for organizations to embrace open innovation. Design/methodology/approach The analysis in this paper is based on a survey 2,379 executives representing 24 industries and 26 countries conducted by the IBM Institute for Business Value. IBV researchers used descriptive statistics to understand innovation trends. To understand the role of open innovation for business performance IBV researchers segmented the sample based on two criteria: extent to which the organization sees open innovation as important for their growth strategy and the extent to which they are effective in advancing open innovation. Findings Ecosystems are key to success with open innovation, creating value opportunities within and across the value chains. 10; Practical/implications Open and interoperable technologies like hybrid cloud, APIs, blockchain and AI allow for many more ways to create value by unlocking hidden potential in existing relationships. Originality/value Open innovation drives growth; new research found that 84 percent of executives think open innovation is important for their future growth strategy.

Debt and ownership structure: evidence from Italy

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 883-905 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrizio Rossi ◽  
Richard J. Cebula
Keyword(s):  
Ownership Structure ◽  
Institutional Investors ◽  
Agency Costs ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Ownership Concentration ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the debt and ownership structure of a sample of Italian-listed companies to measure the role assumed in the control and monitoring of agency costs. Design/methodology/approach This study examines a balanced panel data, using both a random effects model and a generalized method of moments model to better capture any problems related to the endogeneity of the variables in the model. Findings The results provide evidence of a positive relationship between debt and ownership concentration on the one hand and a negative relationship between debt and institutional investors on the other hand. The debt seems to assume both functions, i.e. the disciplinary role of substitute at low levels of ownership concentration and a complementary role at high levels of ownership concentration. Practical implications This study provides three practical implications. The first is that the complementarity between debt and ownership concentration provides evidence of the entrenchment effect and tends to weaken the company financially. Second, the results also provide useful prompts to policy-makers who should encourage the presence of institutional investors. Third, the policy-makers should also encourage the expansion of the stock market to enhance the protection of shareholders, reduce private control benefits and provide Italy the same opportunities as other common and civil law countries to collect risk capital, avoiding the abuse of debt. Originality/value The empirical results suggest that ownership concentration increases the degree of corporate debt, whereas institutional investors assume the disciplinary role of monitoring and controlling agency costs. The results provide evidence of both the entrenchment effect and the alignment-of-interests hypothesis and that the expropriation theory seems to prevail over the control and monitoring role.

Entrepreneurial ecosystem for tech start-ups in Bangalore: an exploration of structure and gap

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 1167-1185
Author(s):  
Bala Subrahmanya Mungila Hillemane
Keyword(s):  
Gap Analysis ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Ecosystem Structure ◽  
Entrepreneurial Ecosystem ◽  
Component Level ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Start Ups

PurposeBangalore has gained international recognition as a technology start-up hub for its vibrant entrepreneurial ecosystem. Against this backdrop, this paper attempts to explore the structure and gap that exist with respect to the entrepreneurial ecosystem for tech start-ups in Bangalore.Design/methodology/approachA Delphi technique based four stage interaction with the experts/stakeholders belonging to different components of the entrepreneurial ecosystem (as identified from the literature) in the context of Bangalore is conducted, to gather primary data. This enabled us to define the structure of entrepreneurial ecosystem and analyse the gap that exists between an ideal ecosystem feasible in the Indian context and that one that prevailed in Bangalore.FindingsThe prevailing entrepreneurial ecosystem for tech start-ups in Bangalore is significantly different (lower) relative to an ideal ecosystem feasible in the Indian economic environment, as prescribed by the Delphi experts, both at the aggregate level and at an individual component level. The step-wise (backward) logistic regression analysis revealed that Bangalore ecosystem is primarily lacking in terms of one of the Triple Helices, namely, role of education and research institutions, and two of the five indispensable components, namely, market maturity and mentorship.Research limitations/implicationsIt is essential to strengthen and promote the Triple Helix base and the five indispensable components in an entrepreneurial ecosystem, to accelerate the emergence and growth of tech start-ups.Practical implicationsIt brings out the nature of entrepreneurial ecosystem structure and the gap between what can be considered an ideal ecosystem and what prevails in Bangalore currently.Originality/valueThis is a primary data based study, which has value for regional policy makers in strategizing to promote Bangalore ecosystem, and for researchers in undertaking “ecosystem gap analysis”.

scholarly journals Open accelerators for start-ups success: a case study

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cinzia Battistella ◽  
Alberto F. De Toni ◽  
Elena Pessot
Keyword(s):  
Open Innovation ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Innovation Process ◽  
Open Approach ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Start Up ◽  
The One ◽  
Innovation Practices ◽  
Start Ups

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate how the context of open innovation offered by accelerators can affect the successful growth of start-ups. The authors explore accelerators practices and tools in sustaining start-ups and increasing survival probability in their innovation process, with the aim of addressing the following research question: how can start-ups benefit from participation in an accelerator programme from an open innovation perspective? Design/methodology/approach A review of the literature on start-up successes and failures and on major practices in the open innovation paradigm was carried out, delineating them in the context of accelerators. Given the absence of literature on accelerator practices for supporting start-ups, and aiming at a comprehensive understanding of how the open environment within the accelerator influences a start-up’s survival (or even success) by mitigating the probability of failure, the authors conducted an exploratory case study in an English accelerator. Findings The open innovation practices mediated by an accelerator and the ones that are not covered, but that can benefit a start-up’s survival, are shown. On the one hand, main effective practices, such as dyadic co-creation with accelerator network partners and crowdsourcing, are revealed to address mostly the lack of, or wrong direction in, product, marketing and relative managerial abilities, which are not usually owned by a start-up due to its “newness”. On the other hand, some causes of failures, such as the intrinsic characteristics of founder teams, do not seem to be addressed by an open approach and neither does participation in an accelerator programme. Originality/value This paper is the first to study and link the literature on accelerators, start-ups and open innovation.

Finding “good enough” metrics for the UK’s research excellence framework

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Stuart
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Research Assessment ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Research Excellence Framework ◽  
Alternative Vision ◽  
Research Excellence ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to encourage discussion about the potential role of metrics in research assessment. Design/methodology/approach – The paper considers the results of the UK’s 2014 Research Excellence Framework, and the potential of metrics to reduce the size of future exercises. Findings – The paper suggests that a battery of non-robust metrics selected by the higher education institutions could support a greatly reduced peer-reviewed exercise. Practical implications – Policy makers should reconsider the role of metrics in research assessment. Originality/value – The paper provides an alternative vision of the role of metrics in research assessment, and will be of interest to policy makers, bibliometricians, and anyone interested in HEI research assessment.

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