Foreign trade, financial development, agriculture, energy consumption and CO2 emission: testing EKC among emerging economies

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nitin Koshta ◽  
Hajam Abid Bashir ◽  
Taab Ahmad Samad
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Resource Curse ◽  
Unit Root Test ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Time Period ◽  
New Policies

Purpose The main purpose of this study is to explore the presence of the EKC hypothesis in emerging economies. Additionally, the present study also explores the existence of the “resource curse hypothesis” (RCH), and the causal relationship among the variables that are considered for testing the presence of EKC and RCH hypothesis for a panel of selected emerging economies for the time period between 1990 and 2014. Design/methodology/approach The authors performed unit root test followed by cointegration test to test the existence of cointegrating relationship among the variables. Dynamic ordinary least square (DOLS) and fully modified ordinary least square (FMOLS) methods are used to obtain long-run estimates of considered variables, and the Granger causality test is performed to test the directional causality. Findings The long-run estimates obtained from DOLS and FMOLS techniques support the presence of the EKC (inverted U-shape) and the RCH. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the present work is the pioneer study for EKC and RCH investigation in the context of emerging economies. The policy implication is that these economies should look forward to drafting new policies to reduce environmental degradation and promote sustainable development.

Relationship between crime and economic affluence in India: an empirical study from 1982 to 2013

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avijit Debnath ◽  
Sujoy Das
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Unit Root Test ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Analyze Data

Purpose There have been limited studies which investigate the interlinkage between crime and economic affluence. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the linkage between crime and economic affluence in India. Design/methodology/approach The study is based on annual data spans over the time period 1982-2013. Standard econometric tools like unit root test, co-integration and two stage least square technique have been used to analyze data and to draw inferences. Findings The study finds that crime and economic affluence are interlinked in India. However, the nature of the linkage is not uniform over the time span. It is observed that economic affluence affects violent crime positively in the long run, but crime effects affluence negatively. In the short run, however, the relationship between crime and economic affluence is observed to be reversed. Originality/value This study is first of its nature to investigate the bi-directional linkage between crime and economic affluence in India. This study helps us to understand that controlling the crime rate is the urgent need of the hour to alleviate the pace of long run economic affluence in India.

Effect of economic growth, trade openness, urbanization, and technology on environment of Asian emerging economies

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 1123-1134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kashif Munir ◽  
Ayesha Ameer
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Emerging Economies ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Stirpat Model ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze the long-run as well as short-run effect of economic growth, trade openness, urbanization and technology on environmental degradation (sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions) in Asian emerging economies. Design/methodology/approach The study utilizes the augmented STIRPAT model and uses the panel cointegration and causality test to analyze the long-run and short-run relationships. Due to the unavailability of data for all Asian emerging economies, the study focuses on 11 countries, i.e. Bangladesh, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Iran, Malaysia, Pakistan, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka and Thailand, and uses balance panel from 1980 to 2014 at annual frequency. Findings Results showed that the inverted U-shape hypothesis of the environmental Kuznets curve holds between economic growth and SO2 emissions. While technology and trade openness increases SO2 emissions, urbanization reduces SO2 emissions in Asian emerging economies in the long run. Unidirectional causality flows from urbanization to SO2 emissions and from SO2 emissions to economic growth in the short run. Practical implications Research and development centers and programs are required at the government and private levels to control pollution through new technologies as well as to encourage the use of disposed-off waste as a source of energy which results in lower dependency on fossil fuels and leads to reduce emissions. Originality/value This study contributes to the existing literature by analyzing the effects of urbanization, economic growth, technology and trade openness on environmental pollution (measured by SO2 emissions) in Asian emerging economies. This study provides the essential evidence, information and better understanding to key stakeholders of environment. The findings of this study are useful for individuals, corporate bodies, environmentalist, researchers and government agencies at large.

scholarly journals The Role of Foreign Direct Investment Inflows in Economic Growth in Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. g11-17
Author(s):  
Tien Siew
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Unit Root ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Unit Root Test ◽  
Granger Causality Test ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Fdi Inflows ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the inflows of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and economic growth in Malaysia. The sample collected for this empirical study covered 30 years of data from 1991 to 2020. The secondary data was collected annually and a total of 30 observations were taken for each variable. Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression, unit root test, several diagnostic tests and Granger causality test were used in this research to investigate the relationship between FDI inflows and economic growth. Eviews 11 was used to analyze the time series data throughout all the tests. The result showed that the inflows of FDI has a significant negative relationship with economic growth and there is no causal relationship between FDI and Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Keywords: Economic growth, FDI inflows, Granger Causality Test, Ordinary Least Square regression, Unit Root Test

Financial inclusion and economic growth nexus: Evidence from SAARC countries

2020 ◽  
pp. 026272802096460
Author(s):  
Dharmendra Singh ◽  
Nikola Stakic
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Regional Cooperation ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
Regression Methods ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Integration Test

This article examines the nexus between financial inclusion index and economic growth in all eight South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) countries, using annual data from 2004 to 2017. In order to determine the possible long-run relationship between these variables, the study adopted the Pedroni panel co-integration test and two types of co-integration regression methods, the Fully Modified Ordinary Least Square (FMOLS) and the Dynamic Ordinary Least Square (DOLS) methods. The Pedroni panel co-integration test confirms the existence of a long-run relationship between financial inclusion and economic growth in the SAARC countries. The coefficients of FMOLS and DOLS indicate that the index of financial inclusion and selected control variables together support economic growth. In addition, the Granger causality test confirmed bi-directional causality between FI and economic growth.

Does dollarization reduce or produce inflation?

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 358-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lula G. Mengesha ◽  
Mark J. Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Least Square ◽  
Market Exchange ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Vector Error Correction ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Market Exchange Rate ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Partial Dollarization

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to address the unresolved outcome of the research on the impact of dollarization on inflation by examining the partially dollarized economy of Eritrea. Design/methodology/approach – Inflation under partial dollarization is modelled based on money demand and supply framework. Using quarterly data for the study period 1996Q1-2008Q4, estimation is based on a vector error correction model together with dynamic ordinary least square. Findings – The results indicate that inflation increases as a result of an increase in dollarization. This applies to both the short-run and long-run estimations regardless of whether official or black market exchange rate data are used in the analysis. In terms of the short-run dynamics involved in the long-run relationship between dollarization and inflation, the speed of adjustment toward long-run equilibrium ranges from negative 7.2-7.6 percent per quarter. Research limitations/implications – The main policy implication of the finding is that the extent of dollarization should not be overlooked in controlling inflation in the short run and the long run. Originality/value – Despite a number of studies that examine the consequences of dollarization, the impact of partial dollarization on inflation in the Eritrean economy has never been addressed. This study, therefore, is original in its kind and resolves the controversial outcomes on the studies of inflation and dollarization by modelling inflation under partial dollarization, providing new evidence and revealing potential economic reasons for the discrepancies in the findings of the literature on partial dollarization.

scholarly journals Effect of Foreign Aids on Economic Growth in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 194-204
Author(s):  
Isiaka Najeem Ayodeji ◽  
Makinde Wasiu Abiodun
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Unit Root Test ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Integration Test ◽  
The Impact

This study investigated the impact of foreign aids on economic growth in Nigeria using time series data spanned from 1990 to 2017. The research considered the secondary data that were gathered from CBN statistical bulletin 2017 and World Bank Data Indictors. Ordinary Least Square techniques was adopted in the study and used Augmented Dickey-Fuller Unit Root Test, co integration test, granger causality test, ECM to estimates data employed. The findings revealed that all the variables employed were stationary at first difference and integrated at the same order1(I), the co-integration test shows that variables are co-integrated at one co-integrating equation which means that there is a long run relationship. The Error Correction Model established that the error that caused disequilibrium in the short run is being corrected in the long-run at a speed of adjustment at 6%. The findings revealed real gross domestic product responds inversely to changes in official development assistance and foreign direct investment. Based on these findings the study concluded that foreign aids have a significant impact on economic growth in Nigeria. Different diagnostic tests are applied in order to confirm the major assumption of multiple regression analysis like multicollinearity, heteroskedasticity and autocorrelation. Therefore, the study recommends among others that government needs to formulate strong and effective education and healthcare policies to facilitate and attract investment in the sectors and improve their efficiency in the long-run that will influence productivity.

Democracy and international financial integration in Pakistan

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed Tehseen Jawaid ◽  
Shujaat Abbas ◽  
Shaikh Muhammad Saleem
Keyword(s):  
Financial Integration ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
Long Run ◽  
International Financial Integration ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of the study is to investigate the relationship between international financial integration (IFI) index and democracy (DEM) in Pakistan by using long-time series data from 1975 to 2013. Design/methodology/approach The IFI index is constructed by principal component analysis. IFI consists of foreign direct investment (FDI), remittances (REM) and external debt (ED), whereas the Polity IV index is used for DEM. Johansen and the autoregressive distributed lag method for cointegration methods are used to find a long run relationship. Dynamic ordinary least square (DOLS), fully modified ordinary least square (FMOLS) and canonical regression (CR) have been used to find the nature of the relationship. Rolling window analysis has been done to find the year wise coefficients. Findings DOLS, FMOLS, canonical regression CR and cointegration results suggest a significant negative long-run relationship between IFI and DEM in Pakistan. Rolling windows analysis highlights that DEM has improved IFI in Pakistan from 2008 to 2013. Originality/value This study constructs an index for financial integration using principle component analysis on capital inflows, i.e. FDI, REM, ED, to explore the impact of DEM on IFI in Pakistan from 1975 to 2013. This study investigates for the first time ever the relationship between IFI index and DEM in Pakistan.

Foreign aid and growth nexus: empirical evidence from South Asian countries

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nihar Ranjan Jena ◽  
Narayan Sethi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Foreign Aid ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
Asian Region ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to empirically examine the effectiveness of foreign aid in improving economic growth prospects in the South Asian region from 1996 to 2017.Design/methodology/approachA sample of eight South Asian countries for the period 1996–2017 is being considered for this study. This study uses various econometrics tools such as Pedroni and Johansen–Fisher panel cointegration test, panel fully modified ordinary least square and panel dynamic ordinary least square (PDOLS) to ascertain the long-run and short-run dynamics among the variables under consideration.FindingsThe empirical results found that long-run, as well as the short-run relationship, exist among foreign aid, economic growth, investment, financial deepening, price stability and trade openness of the South Asian economies. The authors also found unidirectional causality running from foreign aid to economic growth. Both the long-run relationship as well as short-run causality between foreign aid and economic growth is unequivocally positive.Originality/valueThis study uses a dynamic macroeconomic modeling framework to assess the impact of aid flows on economic growth in South Asian economies. Taking into account the diversity of level of growth experienced by the eight countries in the Asian region, this study uses an appropriate regression technique, i.e. PDOLS whose results are robust. Therefore, the policymakers in these countries are well-advised to implement suitable policy measures to ensure optimum utilization of foreign capital resources garnered by way of receipt of foreign aid and build on for stronger future economic growth.

Foreign direct investment and economic growth nexus in Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edmond Hagan ◽  
Anthony Amoah
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Financial Market ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Least Square ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
Variable Approach ◽  
Time Period

Purpose African countries are generally fragile. This and other related characteristics affect the potential for growth and development. The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether the effect of FDI on economic growth is contingent on a financial system that accounts for financial market fragility. An important point of departure from earlier studies is the adoption of a new measure of financial market fragility. Design/methodology/approach Given the uniqueness of the data set, the study uses a panel data and estimates an econometric model using an instrumental variable approach. For robustness purposes, a pooled ordinary least square is also estimated. Findings The study provides evidence that if the financial market is fragile as in the case of Africa, FDI inflows may have a marginally significant positive impact on economic growth. The findings suggest that fragility in the financial market is a key absorptive capacity and cannot be trivialised when exploring FDI–growth nexus in Africa. Research limitations/implications The uniqueness of the data set limited the time period of the study. Nonetheless, the findings are still crucial to policy makers in Africa and other developing countries with similar characteristics. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study in Africa to investigate the FDI–growth nexus which accounts for financial market fragility.

EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF INDIA’S FOREIGN TRADE AND ECONOMIC GROWTH

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 105-111
Author(s):  
Khujan Singh ◽  
Anil Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Time Series Data ◽  
Unit Root Test ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Significant Implication ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
First Order ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Directional Relation ◽  
Augmented Dickey Fuller ◽  
Vecm Granger Causality

The present study is an attempt to examine long run relationship among India’s GDP, Exports and Imports for which yearly time series data from 1995 to 2018 has been collected. Data for India’s GDP has been collected from RBI website and India’s export and import data has been collected form Ministry of Commerce and Industry website. The Augmented Dickey-Fuller unit root test for stationarity found that studied variables become stationary at first order of difference. While, Johnson cointegration test revealed long run cointegration between India’s GDP, exports and imports. The results of VECM Granger causality test exhibited bi-directional relationship between India’s GDP and India’s exports, whereas uni-directional relation has been found between India’s GDP and India’s imports. These results have significant implication for India’s export import policy and to achieve a target of $5 trillion economy till 2024-2025.

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