Treatment cost of HIV/AIDS in Turkey

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-269
Author(s):  
Hakan Özkaya ◽  
Nehir Balcı ◽  
Hülya Özkan Özdemir ◽  
Tuna Demirdal ◽  
Selma Tosun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Treatment Cost ◽  
Antiretroviral Treatment ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Annual Treatment ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Annual Treatment Cost ◽  
Hiv Aids

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to estimate the average cost of treatment and investigate the related parameters of HIV/AIDS among patients based on their annual treatment regime during the 2017 in Izmir.Design/methodology/approachThe average annual direct cost of an HIV patient's treatment was estimated for 2017 at four university hospitals in a retrospective study in Izmir, Turkey. Inclusion criteria included confirmed HIV infection, age = 18 years, visited one of the hospitals at least three times a year and with at least one CD4+ T cell count. The average annual treatment cost per patient was calculated using accounting data for 527 patients from the hospitals' electronic databases.FindingsThe mean treatment cost per patient was US$4,381.93. Costs for treatment and care were statistically significantly higher (US$5,970.55) for patients with CD4+ T cell counts of fewer than 200 cells/mm3 than for other patients with CD4+ T cell counts above 200 cells/mm3. The mean treatment cost for patients who were 50 years old or older (US$4,904.24) was statistically significantly higher than for those younger than 50 years (US$4,216.10). The mean treatment cost for female patients (US$4,624.92) was higher than that of male patients ($US4,339.72), although the difference was not statistically significant. The main cost driver was antiretroviral treatment (US$3,852.38 per patient), accounting for almost 88% of all costs. However, the high burden of antiretroviral treatment cost is counterbalanced by relatively low care and hospitalization costs in Turkey.Originality/valueThe paper contributes to the literature by providing average annual treatment cost of an HIV-infected patient in Turkey by using a comprehensive bottom up approach. Moreover, cost drivers of HIV treatment are investigated.

scholarly journals Daily Quality Control in CD3+and CD4+T Cell Estimation by the FACSCount System at a Tertiary Care Center in South India

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 1693-1696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veena V. Ramalingam ◽  
Monika Mani ◽  
Vijayanand C. Sundaresan ◽  
Ramesh J. Karunaiya ◽  
Jaiprasath Sachithanandham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
T Cell ◽  
South India ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Internal Quality ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Resource Poor ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACTCD4+T cell count estimations are subject to high variations; hence, in this study, the previous day's tested samples were included routinely as the internal quality controls. The percentages of variation of the 2-day values were analyzed for 280 observations and the mean variation for CD4+and CD3+T cell counts ranged from 5.21% to 9.66%. This method is a good internal quality control (IQC) procedure for the estimation of CD3+and CD4+T cell counts in resource-poor settings.

scholarly journals Factors Related to Changes in CD4+ T-Cell Counts over Time in Patients Living with HIV/AIDS: A Multilevel Analysis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. e84276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulisses Ramos Montarroyos ◽  
Demócrito Barros Miranda-Filho ◽  
Cibele Comini César ◽  
Wayner Vieira Souza ◽  
Heloisa Ramos Lacerda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Multilevel Analysis ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Hiv Aids

scholarly journals Oral candida infection among HIV patients at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre in northern, Tanzania

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gwakisa Ngasala ◽  
Maseke R. Mgabo ◽  
John G. Mrema ◽  
Janet Sabuni ◽  
Steven Mwakalinga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Oral Candidiasis ◽  
Candida Infection ◽  
Medical Centre ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Oral Candida

Background: Oral candidiasis has been a global health challenge especially in immunocompromised patients particularly with HIV infection. Though the incidence and prevalence of opportunistic infections have been reduced due to the use of anti-retroviral therapy (ART), oral candidiasis remains the most frequently HIV-associated oral lesion in Tanzania. This study aimed at determining the prevalence of oral candida infection in HIV positive patients and investigate the relationship between oral manifestations and the level of immunosuppression. Method: This study was carried out at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre in Moshi, Tanzania. The study included 314 HIV patients with complete clinical results records who were diagnosed with HIV and who were on ARV and attending the hospital for care and treatment. Results: Prevalence of oral candida was 42.0% (132/314). Age group 6-27 years accounted for half of the infections (49/98).  A significantly higher prevalence of candida infection  (66.7%; 24/36) was obseved among patients with <200 cells/µl than in those with 200-500 cells/µl or >500 cells/µl (Chi-square χ2=14.9, p=0.001). The mean CD4+T-cell counts in HIV patients infected with oral candida was lower (523±35) than patients without oral candida infection (645±31 cells/µl), (ANOVA, p= 0.009). The mean CD4+ T-cell count among HIV patients on ART and those not on ART was not statistically different. Conclusion: The prevalence of oral candida infection was significantly higher in patients with CD4+ cell counts less than 200 cells/µl.

scholarly journals Intestinal parasitic infections in relation to CD4+ T cell counts and diarrhea in HIV/AIDS patients with or without antiretroviral therapy in Cameroon

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dickson Shey Nsagha ◽  
Anna Longdoh Njunda ◽  
Nguedia Jules Clement Assob ◽  
Charlotte Wenze Ayima ◽  
Elvis Asangbeng Tanue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Intestinal Parasitic Infections ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Hiv Aids

scholarly journals The secular trend in CD4+ T cell count at initiation of antiretroviral therapy in China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huan Zhou ◽  
Jing Xie ◽  
Yunqiu Xie ◽  
Bin Li ◽  
Lu Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Hiv Treatment ◽  
Biomedical Literature ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Art Initiation ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background: We aimed to look at the trends in CD4 cells counts (at initiation of ART) over calendar years and to investigate its influential factors in Chinese populations.Methods: We searched PubMed, Wanfang, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure to acquire relevant papers published from January 2002 to Twelve 2015. We abstracted the mean or median CD4+ T cell counts from the included studies. Random-effect meta-regressions were used to estimate the mean CD4+ T cell counts across studies and corresponding 95% CIs. Results: A total of 220 eligible articles, which included 426283 HIV-positive individuals, were identified in this meta-analysis. The mean CD4+ T cell counts at ART initiation increased from 136.63 (95%CI=120.63–152.63) cells/µL in 2003 to 199 (95%CI=188.38–209.62) cells/µL in 2014. In the univariate meta-regression model, we found that the estimated change in CD4+ T cell counts at ART initiation was +8.73 cells/μL per year (95% CI= 4.57 to 12.90 cells/μL per year). The highest CD4+ T cell counts at ART initiation (441.00 cells/μL, 95% CI=438.96-186.33 cells/µL) was reported in serodiscordant couples, followed by pregnant women (385.82 cells/μL, 95% CI=327.19-444.44 cells/µL), MSM (293.78, 95% CI=126.59-460.96 cells/µL), and children（267.36 cells/μL, 95% CI=126.65-408.07 cells/µL）. Conclusions: In China, the CD4+ T cell counts at ART initiation have dramatically increased during the past decade. However, there remains a substantial gap between CD4+ T cell counts at ART initiation and the WHO updated HIV treatment guidelines in some groups, highlighting the need for strategies to improve earlier ART initiation.

scholarly journals No neurocognitive advantage for immediate antiretroviral treatment in adults with greater than 500 CD4+ T-cell counts

AIDS ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 985-997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edwina J. Wright ◽  
Birgit Grund ◽  
Kevin R. Robertson ◽  
Lucette Cysique ◽  
Bruce J. Brew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Antiretroviral Treatment ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Cell Counts

scholarly journals Montreal Cognitive Assessment Performance in HIV/AIDS: Impact of Systemic Factors

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noshin Koenig ◽  
Esther Fujiwara ◽  
M. John Gill ◽  
Christopher Power
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Cognitive Assessment ◽  
Drug Exposure ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Montreal Cognitive Assessment ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Hiv Aids

AbstractBackground: A large proportion of people living with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) suffer from neurocognitive impairment (NCI). The causes of the NCI are multifold in HIV infection although a subset of HIV/AIDS patients are affected by the spectrum syndrome, HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND). We investigated the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) in relation to clinical, demographic and laboratory findings as well as its ability to predict symptomatic HAND (sHAND) among patients with HIV/AIDS. Methods: All subjects were receiving regular HIV care including CD4+ T cell counts, plasma viral load measurements, clinical evaluations and antiretroviral therapy. The diagnosis of sHAND was based upon clinical, neuroimaging, and neuropsychological assessments.Results: Among HIV-1 seropositive subjects (n=125), ethnicity, education and employment were positively correlated with their MoCA scores (p<0.05). In contrast, polypharmacy, central nervous system penetration-effectiveness (CPE) score, antiretroviral drug exposure, substance use and nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor side effects were negatively correlated with MoCA scores (p<0.05). Of note, MoCA scores were not associated with CD4 T cell nadir levels, age, peak viral load, or veterans aging cohort study index. In subjects with or without sHAND, mean MoCA scores differed (sHAND, 22.8±3.51; non-HAND 25.2±2.64) (p<0.05) with a receiver operating characteristic curve showing an area under curve of 0.71 and an optimal MoCA cut-off value of 23.5 when compared to the established diagnostic paradigm. Conclusions: MoCA scores were generally lower in this HIV/AIDS population compared to reported scores in the general population. MoCA performance was associated with multiple clinical variables but displayed limited predictive utility in detecting sHAND.

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