scholarly journals Oral candida infection among HIV patients at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre in northern, Tanzania

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gwakisa Ngasala ◽  
Maseke R. Mgabo ◽  
John G. Mrema ◽  
Janet Sabuni ◽  
Steven Mwakalinga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Oral Candidiasis ◽  
Candida Infection ◽  
Medical Centre ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Oral Candida

Background: Oral candidiasis has been a global health challenge especially in immunocompromised patients particularly with HIV infection. Though the incidence and prevalence of opportunistic infections have been reduced due to the use of anti-retroviral therapy (ART), oral candidiasis remains the most frequently HIV-associated oral lesion in Tanzania. This study aimed at determining the prevalence of oral candida infection in HIV positive patients and investigate the relationship between oral manifestations and the level of immunosuppression. Method: This study was carried out at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre in Moshi, Tanzania. The study included 314 HIV patients with complete clinical results records who were diagnosed with HIV and who were on ARV and attending the hospital for care and treatment. Results: Prevalence of oral candida was 42.0% (132/314). Age group 6-27 years accounted for half of the infections (49/98).  A significantly higher prevalence of candida infection  (66.7%; 24/36) was obseved among patients with <200 cells/µl than in those with 200-500 cells/µl or >500 cells/µl (Chi-square χ2=14.9, p=0.001). The mean CD4+T-cell counts in HIV patients infected with oral candida was lower (523±35) than patients without oral candida infection (645±31 cells/µl), (ANOVA, p= 0.009). The mean CD4+ T-cell count among HIV patients on ART and those not on ART was not statistically different. Conclusion: The prevalence of oral candida infection was significantly higher in patients with CD4+ cell counts less than 200 cells/µl.

scholarly journals Daily Quality Control in CD3+and CD4+T Cell Estimation by the FACSCount System at a Tertiary Care Center in South India

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 1693-1696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veena V. Ramalingam ◽  
Monika Mani ◽  
Vijayanand C. Sundaresan ◽  
Ramesh J. Karunaiya ◽  
Jaiprasath Sachithanandham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
T Cell ◽  
South India ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Internal Quality ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Resource Poor ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACTCD4+T cell count estimations are subject to high variations; hence, in this study, the previous day's tested samples were included routinely as the internal quality controls. The percentages of variation of the 2-day values were analyzed for 280 observations and the mean variation for CD4+and CD3+T cell counts ranged from 5.21% to 9.66%. This method is a good internal quality control (IQC) procedure for the estimation of CD3+and CD4+T cell counts in resource-poor settings.

scholarly journals HIV Patients Developing Primary CNS Lymphoma Lack EBV-Specific CD4+ T Cell Function Irrespective of Absolute CD4+ T Cell Counts

PLoS Medicine ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. e96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Gasser ◽  
Florian K Bihl ◽  
Marcel Wolbers ◽  
Elisabetta Loggi ◽  
Ingrid Steffen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Primary Cns Lymphoma ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Cns Lymphoma ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
T Cell Function

scholarly journals Polymorphisms in IL10 may alter CD4 T-cell counts in Indonesian HIV patients beginning antiretroviral therapy

2017 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-390
Author(s):  
Deane Maria Dmello ◽  
Ibnu Ariyanto ◽  
Riwanti Estiasari ◽  
Samuel Halstrom ◽  
Jessica Gaff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Cell Counts

scholarly journals Prospective study of opportunistic infections among HIV infected patients in VSS Institute of Medical Science and Research, Burla, Sambalpur, Odisha, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 566
Author(s):  
P. K. Bariha ◽  
M. K. Mohapatra ◽  
B. K. Kullu ◽  
P. C. Karua ◽  
S. B. Biswal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Oral Candidiasis ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Cd4 T Cell Count

Background: HIV destroys the CD4+T cells progressively thus making the HIV infected persons susceptible to a number of opportunistic infections (OIs).Methods: The study was conducted in the Medicine Department and ART Centre, VIMSAR. It is a prospective study from July 2016 to September 2017.Results: 86 patients register, detail history, clinical examination and investigation were done and then the data is complying in detail. Most of the patients were male (72%) male female ratio is 2.6:1. The majority of patients presented with fever, weight loss and anorexia seen in more than 73% of the study population.Conclusions: (42%) cases belonged to the CD4+T cell count range of 101-200/µl with aCD4+T cell count of 183/µl, so there is increased chance of hospitalization in patients having CD4+T cell count below 200/µl. The most common OI was tuberculosis (51%) with pleural effusion as its commonest manifestation. The second most common OI was candidiasis (43%) with most cases suffering from oral candidiasis was seen to occur at higher CD4+T cell counts than tuberculosis.

scholarly journals The secular trend in CD4+ T cell count at initiation of antiretroviral therapy in China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huan Zhou ◽  
Jing Xie ◽  
Yunqiu Xie ◽  
Bin Li ◽  
Lu Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Hiv Treatment ◽  
Biomedical Literature ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Art Initiation ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background: We aimed to look at the trends in CD4 cells counts (at initiation of ART) over calendar years and to investigate its influential factors in Chinese populations.Methods: We searched PubMed, Wanfang, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure to acquire relevant papers published from January 2002 to Twelve 2015. We abstracted the mean or median CD4+ T cell counts from the included studies. Random-effect meta-regressions were used to estimate the mean CD4+ T cell counts across studies and corresponding 95% CIs. Results: A total of 220 eligible articles, which included 426283 HIV-positive individuals, were identified in this meta-analysis. The mean CD4+ T cell counts at ART initiation increased from 136.63 (95%CI=120.63–152.63) cells/µL in 2003 to 199 (95%CI=188.38–209.62) cells/µL in 2014. In the univariate meta-regression model, we found that the estimated change in CD4+ T cell counts at ART initiation was +8.73 cells/μL per year (95% CI= 4.57 to 12.90 cells/μL per year). The highest CD4+ T cell counts at ART initiation (441.00 cells/μL, 95% CI=438.96-186.33 cells/µL) was reported in serodiscordant couples, followed by pregnant women (385.82 cells/μL, 95% CI=327.19-444.44 cells/µL), MSM (293.78, 95% CI=126.59-460.96 cells/µL), and children（267.36 cells/μL, 95% CI=126.65-408.07 cells/µL）. Conclusions: In China, the CD4+ T cell counts at ART initiation have dramatically increased during the past decade. However, there remains a substantial gap between CD4+ T cell counts at ART initiation and the WHO updated HIV treatment guidelines in some groups, highlighting the need for strategies to improve earlier ART initiation.

Treatment cost of HIV/AIDS in Turkey

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-269
Author(s):  
Hakan Özkaya ◽  
Nehir Balcı ◽  
Hülya Özkan Özdemir ◽  
Tuna Demirdal ◽  
Selma Tosun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Treatment Cost ◽  
Antiretroviral Treatment ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Annual Treatment ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Annual Treatment Cost ◽  
Hiv Aids

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to estimate the average cost of treatment and investigate the related parameters of HIV/AIDS among patients based on their annual treatment regime during the 2017 in Izmir.Design/methodology/approachThe average annual direct cost of an HIV patient's treatment was estimated for 2017 at four university hospitals in a retrospective study in Izmir, Turkey. Inclusion criteria included confirmed HIV infection, age = 18 years, visited one of the hospitals at least three times a year and with at least one CD4+ T cell count. The average annual treatment cost per patient was calculated using accounting data for 527 patients from the hospitals' electronic databases.FindingsThe mean treatment cost per patient was US$4,381.93. Costs for treatment and care were statistically significantly higher (US$5,970.55) for patients with CD4+ T cell counts of fewer than 200 cells/mm3 than for other patients with CD4+ T cell counts above 200 cells/mm3. The mean treatment cost for patients who were 50 years old or older (US$4,904.24) was statistically significantly higher than for those younger than 50 years (US$4,216.10). The mean treatment cost for female patients (US$4,624.92) was higher than that of male patients ($US4,339.72), although the difference was not statistically significant. The main cost driver was antiretroviral treatment (US$3,852.38 per patient), accounting for almost 88% of all costs. However, the high burden of antiretroviral treatment cost is counterbalanced by relatively low care and hospitalization costs in Turkey.Originality/valueThe paper contributes to the literature by providing average annual treatment cost of an HIV-infected patient in Turkey by using a comprehensive bottom up approach. Moreover, cost drivers of HIV treatment are investigated.

scholarly journals Exhausting T Cells During HIV Infection May Improve the Prognosis of Patients with COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua-Song Lin ◽  
Xiao-Hong Lin ◽  
Jian-Wen Wang ◽  
Dan-Ning Wen ◽  
Jie Xiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Immune System ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
T Cell Exhaustion ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Cell Exhaustion ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Hiv Aids

T-cell reduction is an important characteristic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and its immunopathology is a subject of debate. It may be due to the direct effect of the virus on T-cell exhaustion or indirectly due to T cells redistributing to the lungs. HIV/AIDS naturally served as a T-cell exhaustion disease model for recognizing how the immune system works in the course of COVID-19. In this study, we collected the clinical charts, T-lymphocyte analysis, and chest CT of HIV patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 infection who were admitted to Jin Yin-tan Hospital (Wuhan, China). The median age of the 21 patients was 47 years [interquartile range (IQR) = 40–50 years] and the median CD4 T-cell count was 183 cells/μl (IQR = 96–289 cells/μl). Eleven HIV patients were in the non-AIDS stage and 10 were in the AIDS stage. Nine patients received antiretroviral treatment (ART) and 12 patients did not receive any treatment. Compared to the reported mortality rate (nearly 4%–10%) and severity rate (up to 20%–40%) among COVID-19 patients in hospital, a benign duration with 0% severity and mortality rates was shown by 21 HIV/AIDS patients. The severity rates of COVID-19 were comparable between non-AIDS (median CD4 = 287 cells/μl) and AIDS (median CD4 = 97 cells/μl) patients, despite some of the AIDS patients having baseline lung injury stimulated by HIV: 7 patients (33%) were mild (five in the non-AIDS group and two in the AIDS group) and 14 patients (67%) were moderate (six in the non-AIDS group and eight in the AIDS group). More importantly, we found that a reduction in T-cell number positively correlates with the serum levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP), which is contrary to the reported findings on the immune response of COVID-19 patients (lower CD4 T-cell counts with higher levels of IL-6 and CRP). In HIV/AIDS, a compromised immune system with lower CD4 T-cell counts might waive the clinical symptoms and inflammatory responses, which suggests lymphocyte redistribution as an immunopathology leading to lymphopenia in COVID-19.

scholarly journals Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections among people living with HIV/AIDS visiting a central hospital of Kathmandu Nepal

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 87-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Homa Nath Sharma ◽  
Bimal Shama Chalise ◽  
Ganesh Rai ◽  
Nabaraj Adhikari ◽  
Anup Bastola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

Backgrounds: Intestinal Parasitic Infection (IPI) plays a vital role in the prognosis of People Living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA).Aims and Objectives: In this study, we aimed to measure the prevalence and associated factors of IPI among PLHA and non-HIV patients attending Sukraraj Tropical and Infectious Disease Hospital, Teku, Kathmandu.Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 193 PLHA and 111 non-HIV patients having either of gastrointestinal disorders. Direct smear, Formalin ethyl acetate sedimentation and Kinyoun’s modified acid fast staining methods were applied to detect intestinal parasites from stool samples and CD4 T-cell counts of PLHA was recorded from ART centre of hospital.Results: The overall prevalence of IPI was found to be 16.12% (19.17% in PLHA and 10.81% in non-HIV subjects). Prevalence was higher in PLHA (p<0.06) in which poly parasitic infection was common (24%) with the protozoa predominating over helminths. CD4 T-cell counts <200/μl (p<0.06) and diarrhoea (p<0.06) were associated with increased IPI in PLHA. Cryptosporidium parvum was found in 19.05% cases of PLHA having CD4 T-cell counts <200/μl.Conclusions: The higher prevalence of opportunistic protozoa among PLHA indicates the need of routine parasitic investigation using sensitive methods so that it will be helpful for the proper therapeutic management.Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.8(5) 2017 87-92

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