scholarly journals Factors Related to Changes in CD4+ T-Cell Counts over Time in Patients Living with HIV/AIDS: A Multilevel Analysis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. e84276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulisses Ramos Montarroyos ◽  
Demócrito Barros Miranda-Filho ◽  
Cibele Comini César ◽  
Wayner Vieira Souza ◽  
Heloisa Ramos Lacerda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Multilevel Analysis ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Hiv Aids

scholarly journals Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections among people living with HIV/AIDS visiting a central hospital of Kathmandu Nepal

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 87-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Homa Nath Sharma ◽  
Bimal Shama Chalise ◽  
Ganesh Rai ◽  
Nabaraj Adhikari ◽  
Anup Bastola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

Backgrounds: Intestinal Parasitic Infection (IPI) plays a vital role in the prognosis of People Living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA).Aims and Objectives: In this study, we aimed to measure the prevalence and associated factors of IPI among PLHA and non-HIV patients attending Sukraraj Tropical and Infectious Disease Hospital, Teku, Kathmandu.Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 193 PLHA and 111 non-HIV patients having either of gastrointestinal disorders. Direct smear, Formalin ethyl acetate sedimentation and Kinyoun’s modified acid fast staining methods were applied to detect intestinal parasites from stool samples and CD4 T-cell counts of PLHA was recorded from ART centre of hospital.Results: The overall prevalence of IPI was found to be 16.12% (19.17% in PLHA and 10.81% in non-HIV subjects). Prevalence was higher in PLHA (p<0.06) in which poly parasitic infection was common (24%) with the protozoa predominating over helminths. CD4 T-cell counts <200/μl (p<0.06) and diarrhoea (p<0.06) were associated with increased IPI in PLHA. Cryptosporidium parvum was found in 19.05% cases of PLHA having CD4 T-cell counts <200/μl.Conclusions: The higher prevalence of opportunistic protozoa among PLHA indicates the need of routine parasitic investigation using sensitive methods so that it will be helpful for the proper therapeutic management.Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.8(5) 2017 87-92

scholarly journals COVID-19 Vaccination in People Living with HIV (PLWH) in China: A Cross Sectional Study of Vaccine Hesitancy, Safety, and Immunogenicity

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1458
Author(s):  
Ying Liu ◽  
Junyan Han ◽  
Xin Li ◽  
Danying Chen ◽  
Xuesen Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Immunological Response ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Living With Hiv

The administration of COVID-19 vaccines is the primary strategy used to prevent further infections by COVID-19, especially in people living with HIV (PLWH), who are at increased risk for severe symptoms and mortality. However, the vaccine hesitancy, safety, and immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines among PLWH have not been fully characterized. We estimated vaccine hesitancy and status of COVID-19 vaccination in Chinese PLWH, explored the safety and impact on antiviral therapy (ART) efficacy and compared the immunogenicity of an inactivated vaccine between PLWH and healthy controls (HC). In total, 27.5% (104/378) of PLWH hesitated to take the vaccine. The barriers included concerns about safety and efficacy, and physician counselling might help patients overcome this vaccine hesitancy. A COVID-19 vaccination did not cause severe side effects and had no negative impact on CD4+ T cell counts and HIV RNA viral load. Comparable spike receptor binding domain IgG titer were elicited in PLWH and HC after a second dose of the CoronaVac vaccine, but antibody responses were lower in poor immunological responders (CD4+ T cell counts < 350 cells/µL) compared with immunological responders (CD4+ T cell counts ≥ 350 cells/µL). These data showed that PLWH have comparable safety and immune response following inactivated COVID-19 vaccination compared with HC, but the poor immunological response in PLWH is associated with impaired humoral response.

scholarly journals Immunogenicity and safety of an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in people living with HIV-1

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanmeng Feng ◽  
Yifan Zhang ◽  
Zhangyufan He ◽  
Haojie Huang ◽  
Xiangxiang Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
T Cell Activation ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
Cd8 T Cell ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv 1

Background It has been proven that inactivated COVID-19 vaccines are safe and effective in general population with intact immunity. However, their safety and immunogenicity have not been demonstrated in people living with HIV (PLWH). Methods 42 HIV-1 infected individuals who were stable on cART and 28 healthy individuals were enrolled in this study. Two doses of an inactivated COVID-19 vaccine (BIBP-CorV) were given 4 weeks apart. The safety and reactogenicity of the vaccine were evaluated by observing clinical adverse events and solicited local and systemic reactions. Humoral responses were measured by anti-spike IgG ELISA and surrogate neutralization assays. Cell-mediated immune responses and vaccine induced T cell activation were measured by flow cytometry. Findings All the HIV-1 infected participants had a CD4+ T cell count of above 200 cells/μL both at baseline and 4 weeks after vaccination. No solicited adverse reaction was observed among all participants. Similar binding antibody, neutralizing antibody and S protein specific T cell responses were elicited in PLWH and healthy individuals. Further analyses showed that PLWH with low baseline CD4+/CD8+ T cell ratios (<0.6) generated lower antibody responses after vaccination than PLWH with medium (0.6~1.0) or high (≥1.0) baseline CD4+/CD8+ T cell ratios (P<0.01). The CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ T cell counts of PLWH decreased significantly after vaccination, but it did not lead to any adverse clinical manifestation. Moreover, we found that the general burden of HIV-1 among the PLWH cohort decreased significantly (P=0.0192) after vaccination. And the alteration of HIV-1 viral load was not significantly associated with the vaccine induced CD4+ T cell activation. Interpretation Our data demonstrate that the inactivated COVID-19 vaccine is safe and immunogenic in PLWH who are stable on cART with unsuppressed CD4 counts. Funding This work was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 81971559, 82041010).

scholarly journals Treatment modification after starting cART in people living with HIV: retrospective analysis of the German ClinSurv HIV Cohort 2005–2017

Infection ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 723-733
Author(s):  
Melanie Stecher ◽  
◽  
Philipp Schommers ◽  
Christian Kollan ◽  
Matthias Stoll ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Transmission Risk ◽  
Sample Population ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
First Line ◽  
Treatment Modification ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Living With Hiv

Abstract Objective Combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) has markedly increased survival and quality of life in people living with HIV. With the advent of new treatment options, including single-tablet regimens, durability and efficacy of first-line cART regimens are evolving. Methods We analyzed data from the prospective multicenter German Clinical Surveillance of HIV Disease (ClinSurv) cohort of the Robert-Koch Institute. Kaplan–Meier and Cox proportional hazards models were run to examine the factors associated with treatment modification. Recovery after treatment initiation was analyzed comparing pre-cART viral load and CD4+ T-cell counts with follow-up data. Results We included 8788 patients who initiated cART between 2005 and 2017. The sample population was predominantly male (n = 7040; 80.1%), of whom 4470 (63.5%) were reporting sex with men as the transmission risk factor. Overall, 4210 (47.9%) patients modified their first-line cART after a median time of 63 months (IQR 59–66). Regimens containing integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTI) were associated with significantly lower rates of treatment modification (adjusted hazard ratio 0.44; 95% CI 0.39–0.50) compared to protease inhibitor (PI)-based regimens. We found a decreased durability of first-line cART significantly associated with being female, a low CD4+ T-cell count, cART initiation in the later period (2011–2017), being on a multi-tablet regimen (MTR). Conclusions Drug class and MTRs are significantly associated with treatment modification. INSTI-based regimens showed to be superior compared to PI-based regimens in terms of durability.

scholarly journals Intestinal parasitic infections in relation to CD4+ T cell counts and diarrhea in HIV/AIDS patients with or without antiretroviral therapy in Cameroon

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dickson Shey Nsagha ◽  
Anna Longdoh Njunda ◽  
Nguedia Jules Clement Assob ◽  
Charlotte Wenze Ayima ◽  
Elvis Asangbeng Tanue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Intestinal Parasitic Infections ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Hiv Aids

Treatment cost of HIV/AIDS in Turkey

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-269
Author(s):  
Hakan Özkaya ◽  
Nehir Balcı ◽  
Hülya Özkan Özdemir ◽  
Tuna Demirdal ◽  
Selma Tosun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Treatment Cost ◽  
Antiretroviral Treatment ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Annual Treatment ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Annual Treatment Cost ◽  
Hiv Aids

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to estimate the average cost of treatment and investigate the related parameters of HIV/AIDS among patients based on their annual treatment regime during the 2017 in Izmir.Design/methodology/approachThe average annual direct cost of an HIV patient's treatment was estimated for 2017 at four university hospitals in a retrospective study in Izmir, Turkey. Inclusion criteria included confirmed HIV infection, age = 18 years, visited one of the hospitals at least three times a year and with at least one CD4+ T cell count. The average annual treatment cost per patient was calculated using accounting data for 527 patients from the hospitals' electronic databases.FindingsThe mean treatment cost per patient was US$4,381.93. Costs for treatment and care were statistically significantly higher (US$5,970.55) for patients with CD4+ T cell counts of fewer than 200 cells/mm3 than for other patients with CD4+ T cell counts above 200 cells/mm3. The mean treatment cost for patients who were 50 years old or older (US$4,904.24) was statistically significantly higher than for those younger than 50 years (US$4,216.10). The mean treatment cost for female patients (US$4,624.92) was higher than that of male patients ($US4,339.72), although the difference was not statistically significant. The main cost driver was antiretroviral treatment (US$3,852.38 per patient), accounting for almost 88% of all costs. However, the high burden of antiretroviral treatment cost is counterbalanced by relatively low care and hospitalization costs in Turkey.Originality/valueThe paper contributes to the literature by providing average annual treatment cost of an HIV-infected patient in Turkey by using a comprehensive bottom up approach. Moreover, cost drivers of HIV treatment are investigated.

scholarly journals Montreal Cognitive Assessment Performance in HIV/AIDS: Impact of Systemic Factors

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noshin Koenig ◽  
Esther Fujiwara ◽  
M. John Gill ◽  
Christopher Power
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Cognitive Assessment ◽  
Drug Exposure ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Montreal Cognitive Assessment ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Hiv Aids

AbstractBackground: A large proportion of people living with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) suffer from neurocognitive impairment (NCI). The causes of the NCI are multifold in HIV infection although a subset of HIV/AIDS patients are affected by the spectrum syndrome, HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND). We investigated the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) in relation to clinical, demographic and laboratory findings as well as its ability to predict symptomatic HAND (sHAND) among patients with HIV/AIDS. Methods: All subjects were receiving regular HIV care including CD4+ T cell counts, plasma viral load measurements, clinical evaluations and antiretroviral therapy. The diagnosis of sHAND was based upon clinical, neuroimaging, and neuropsychological assessments.Results: Among HIV-1 seropositive subjects (n=125), ethnicity, education and employment were positively correlated with their MoCA scores (p<0.05). In contrast, polypharmacy, central nervous system penetration-effectiveness (CPE) score, antiretroviral drug exposure, substance use and nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor side effects were negatively correlated with MoCA scores (p<0.05). Of note, MoCA scores were not associated with CD4 T cell nadir levels, age, peak viral load, or veterans aging cohort study index. In subjects with or without sHAND, mean MoCA scores differed (sHAND, 22.8±3.51; non-HAND 25.2±2.64) (p<0.05) with a receiver operating characteristic curve showing an area under curve of 0.71 and an optimal MoCA cut-off value of 23.5 when compared to the established diagnostic paradigm. Conclusions: MoCA scores were generally lower in this HIV/AIDS population compared to reported scores in the general population. MoCA performance was associated with multiple clinical variables but displayed limited predictive utility in detecting sHAND.

scholarly journals Exhausting T Cells During HIV Infection May Improve the Prognosis of Patients with COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua-Song Lin ◽  
Xiao-Hong Lin ◽  
Jian-Wen Wang ◽  
Dan-Ning Wen ◽  
Jie Xiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Immune System ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
T Cell Exhaustion ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Cell Exhaustion ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Hiv Aids

T-cell reduction is an important characteristic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and its immunopathology is a subject of debate. It may be due to the direct effect of the virus on T-cell exhaustion or indirectly due to T cells redistributing to the lungs. HIV/AIDS naturally served as a T-cell exhaustion disease model for recognizing how the immune system works in the course of COVID-19. In this study, we collected the clinical charts, T-lymphocyte analysis, and chest CT of HIV patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 infection who were admitted to Jin Yin-tan Hospital (Wuhan, China). The median age of the 21 patients was 47 years [interquartile range (IQR) = 40–50 years] and the median CD4 T-cell count was 183 cells/μl (IQR = 96–289 cells/μl). Eleven HIV patients were in the non-AIDS stage and 10 were in the AIDS stage. Nine patients received antiretroviral treatment (ART) and 12 patients did not receive any treatment. Compared to the reported mortality rate (nearly 4%–10%) and severity rate (up to 20%–40%) among COVID-19 patients in hospital, a benign duration with 0% severity and mortality rates was shown by 21 HIV/AIDS patients. The severity rates of COVID-19 were comparable between non-AIDS (median CD4 = 287 cells/μl) and AIDS (median CD4 = 97 cells/μl) patients, despite some of the AIDS patients having baseline lung injury stimulated by HIV: 7 patients (33%) were mild (five in the non-AIDS group and two in the AIDS group) and 14 patients (67%) were moderate (six in the non-AIDS group and eight in the AIDS group). More importantly, we found that a reduction in T-cell number positively correlates with the serum levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP), which is contrary to the reported findings on the immune response of COVID-19 patients (lower CD4 T-cell counts with higher levels of IL-6 and CRP). In HIV/AIDS, a compromised immune system with lower CD4 T-cell counts might waive the clinical symptoms and inflammatory responses, which suggests lymphocyte redistribution as an immunopathology leading to lymphopenia in COVID-19.

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