Ethnic concentration and economic outcomes of natives and second-generation immigrants

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Neuman
Keyword(s):  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Social Assistance ◽  
Ethnic Composition ◽  
Economic Outcomes ◽  
Lower Probability ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Second Generation Immigrants ◽  
Long Run

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the link between childhood neighbourhood ethnic composition and short- and long-run economic outcomes of second-generation immigrants and natives in Sweden. Design/methodology/approach – The author uses Swedish longitudinal register data and apply regression analysis methods to investigate the correlation between three ethnic neighbourhood variables(share of immigrants, share of immigrants with the same ethnic background and share of immigrants with other descent) in childhood with short- and long-run economic outcomes (earnings, unemployment, reliance on social assistance and educational attainment). Findings – The results show that second-generation immigrants raised in immigrant-dense neighbourhoods have a lower probability to continue to higher education, whereas, their earnings, unemployment and social assistance tendencies are unaffected. On the contrary, natives’ earnings and educational attainment are negatively correlated with, and the probability of social assistance and unemployment are positively associated with a high immigrant concentration. Moreover, the social assistance and unemployment of non-Nordic second-generation immigrants appears to be negatively correlated with the neighbourhood share of co-ethnics and positively correlated with the neighbourhood proportion of other ethnic groups. Overall, the author finds that the results are very similar in the short and long run. Originality/value – This paper expands the literature on children and ethnic segregation and in contrast to earlier research in this context, it focuses on second-generation immigrants and their performance in comparison to natives. This study contributes to this research area by investigating a large variety of outcomes, looking at both immigrant, own ethnic group and other ethnic group concentration and including both short- and long-run correlations.

Even education has its limits: closing the wage gap

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 908-928 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gil S. Epstein ◽  
Dalit Gafni ◽  
Erez Siniver
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Wage Gap ◽  
Economic Outcomes ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Universities And Colleges ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ethiopian Immigrants ◽  
Unique Data ◽  
Long Run

Purpose – Economic outcomes are compared for university graduates in Israel belonging to four different ethnic groups. A unique data set is used that includes all individuals who graduated with a first degree from universities and colleges in Israel between the years 1995 and 2008 and which tracks them for up to ten years from the year they graduated. The main finding is that education and experience appear to have a strong effect on earnings in the long run and that an ethnic group can improve its position relative to certain groups while there is no effect relative to other groups. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – The authors consider three of the main factors determining the success of assimilation: size of the ethnic group; cultural differences between groups and skin color; and examine how these factors affect economic outcomes. The authors use a unique data set that includes all individuals who graduated with a first degree from universities and colleges in Israel between the years 1995 and 2008. Findings – The results obtained in this study show that on average native Jews attain the best economic outcomes, followed by FSU immigrants, Israeli Arabs and finally Ethiopian immigrants. Education and experience appear to have a strong effect on earnings in the long run. An ethnic group can improve its position relative to other groups as they accumulate work experience. Originality/value – This is the first time that the Ethiopian immigrants where taken into account.

First-generation immigrants feel socially excluded and have greater pro-violence attitudes than the native population in England and Wales

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Bui ◽  
David P Farrington
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Generational Status ◽  
Native Population ◽  
Content Type ◽  
First Generation Immigrants ◽  
Second Generation Immigrants ◽  
Negative Perceptions ◽  
Socially Excluded ◽  
Violence Attitudes

Purpose – Studies examining immigrant generational status and violence have supported differences in the prevalence of violence between these groups. The purpose of this paper is to measure relevant risk factors for violence to focus on whether negative perceptions may contribute to understanding the between-generations differences in violence. Based on the literature, it is theorised that pro-violence attitudes would be related to and be higher in second-generation immigrants than first-generation immigrants, and that negative perceptions would mediate the relationship between pro-violence attitudes and violence. Design/methodology/approach – Data to answer the study’s key questions were taken from the 2010-2011 UK citizenship survey, where only the main sample was analysed. Findings – The findings reveal that first-generation immigrants have a higher prevalence of pro-violence attitudes than the native population. Originality/value – This suggests that there is an intergenerational transmission in violent attitudes, and this is a risk factor for actual violence in second-generation immigrants.

Public expenditure on education, educational attainment and unemployment nexus in India: an empirical investigation

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 663-674
Author(s):  
Deepti Singh ◽  
Shruti Shastri
Keyword(s):  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Peer Review ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Public Expenditure ◽  
Secondary Level ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Vector Error Correction ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Enrolment Ratio

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the nexus among public expenditure allocated to education, educational attainment at secondary level and unemployment rate in India for the period 1987–2017.Design/methodology/approachThe study employs autoregressive distributed lags (ARDL) bound testing approach suggested by Pesaran et al. (2001) to find the long-run relationship among the variables. The causal linkages are investigated through block exogeneity test based on vector error correction model.FindingsThe empirical results indicate that educational attainment proxied by gross enrolment ratio at secondary level of education negatively affects unemployment rate in long run as well as in short run. However, public expenditure on education is ineffective in influencing both educational attainment and unemployment rate.Originality/valueThe study is the first empirical effort to identify the causal nexus among public expenditure on education, educational attainment and unemployment in the context of India.Peer reviewThe peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/IJSE-06-2019-0396

A panel vector AutoRegression analysis of income inequality dynamics in each of the 50 states of USA

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 797-815
Author(s):  
Olugbenga Onafowora ◽  
Oluwole Owoye
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Economic Freedom ◽  
Vector Autoregression ◽  
Population Ageing ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Panel Vector Autoregression

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the income inequality dynamics in each of the 50 states of USA over the period 1981-2011. Design/methodology/approach The paper estimates an augmented Kuznets curve panel Vector AutoRegression in per capita income, economic freedom, educational attainment, unemployment, and population ageing along with evaluating generalized impulse responses functions (GIRF) and generalized forecast-error variance decompositions (GFEVD). Findings All the variables are integrated of order one and are panel cointegrated. Kuznets’ hypothesized inverted U-shaped relationship between inequality and growth is not supported by the data. Unemployment and population ageing have statistically significant positive effects on inequality in the long-run; education has statistically significant negative impact; economic freedom has statistically insignificant positive effect. Long-run bidirectional causality exists among the variables. GFEVD show that excluding income inequality itself, variation in income inequality is more influenced by perturbations in per capita income, educational attainment, and unemployment. GIRF corroborate the results of the GFEVD. Originality/value This paper fulfills an identified need to study the causal relationship between inequality and its determining factors without assuming the a priori exogeneity or endogeneity of the underlying variables.

scholarly journals The (South) American Dream: Mobility and Economic Outcomes of First- and Second-Generation Immigrants in Nineteenth-Century Argentina

2017 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 971-1006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santiago Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Occupational Status ◽  
Economic Outcomes ◽  
First Generation Immigrants ◽  
Second Generation Immigrants ◽  
Mass Migration ◽  
European Immigrants ◽  
First And Second Generation

I study the mobility and economic outcomes of European immigrants and their children in nineteenth-century Argentina, the second largest destination country during the Age of Mass Migration. I use new data linking males across censuses and passenger lists of arrivals to Buenos Aires. First-generation immigrants experienced faster occupational upgrading than natives. Occupational mobility was substantial relative to Europe; immigrants holding unskilled occupations upon arrival experienced high rates of occupational upgrading. Second-generation immigrants outperformed the sons of natives in terms of literacy, occupational status and access to property, and experienced higher rates of intergenerational mobility out of unskilled occupations.

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