Financial aspects of unregistered employment in Poland and other Eastern European countries

A review of the specialist literature and analysis of own study results reveal that a scale of the phenomena of undeclared work is both globally and locally significant and differentiated. Comparative research for the entire geographical area is difficult, as these are countries with very diverse economies. This was due to historical conditions, dynamic of socio-political changes and ties with other political alliances, membership in organizations and economic partnerships. The aim of the empirical research was to identify the financial aspects of undertaking work in the grey zone from the workers point of view. The study target group were chosen from unemployed registered at the Municipal Employment Office in Płock, Mazovia Region. Results show that the unemployed turn to undeclared work for financial reasons, such as higher reimbursement, unsatisfactory income or excessively high social insurance contributions. Respondents assessed their financial situation most often as bad, and indicated difficulties in finding work through registered employment. People who undertake work in a grey zone are predominantly those from low income groups, socially excluded, migrants, long time unemployed.

Terapi kognitif pada permasalahan hubungan sosial

One of the tasks of child development is to establish and build social relationships with friends and their environment. Individuals who have been socially excluded will withdraw by not having relationships with others because of the fear of the negative evaluation feom others. The assessment methods used were interview, observation and psychological tests namely were graphic tests, and the Intelligenz Structure Test (IST). The intervention used to change the subject's negative thoughts to become more positive is cognitive therapy. The cognitive therapy process that was given as many as 6 sessions with the target subject was able to change his negative thoughts into more positive ones. The results of the intervention show that the subject was able to replaces his negative thoughts with positive thoughts which ultimately makes the subject feel no guilt anymore.

Inclusion from the Perspective of Pupils with Autism

The concept of inclusion remains a topic of many discussions between professionals and researchers. At the same time, many children with autism are included in mainstream school with their neurotypical peers. Research has shown that many children with autism are socially excluded in mainstream schools. This review paper aims to explore the perspective of pupils with autism on inclusive education. The main results were grouped by the following themes: relationship with peers, relationship with teachers, environment and sensory issues, interests, and what children need in mainstream schools. This narrative review has shown that from the perspective of pupils with autism educational inclusion is still not achieved.

SOCIAL EXCLUSION AND HEALTH INEQUALITIES IN THE TIME OF COVID-19

Social exclusion as a process leads to a state of multiple relative deprivations in diverse areas of social life, like employment, education, healthcare, social ties, respect. Individuals or groups may have a worse position in several areas, particularly with other individuals or groups in society. Coronavirus pandemics disproportionately affect poorer communities and socially excluded people. Socially excluded are double victims; due to their position, they are more prone to infection by a coronavirus, further increasing their exclusion. The purpose of this contribution is to provide a conceptual framework for analyzing the relationship between social exclusion and health disparities during the COVID-19 pandemic. The goal is to comprehend the causes and consequences of unequal power relationships and offer critical assessments of current policies and measures to reduce health inequalities. Health and social inequalities are a significant constraint to economic revival and a successful fight against pandemics. The extent of the economic and health crisis caused by pandemic shock largely depends on past health and social inequality.

“Scapegoat” for Offline Consumption: Online Review Response to Social Exclusion

Previous research has mostly focused on Internet use behaviors, such as usage time of the Internet or social media after individuals experienced offline social exclusion. However, the extant literature has ignored online response behaviors, such as online review responses to social exclusion. To address this gap, drawing on self-protection and self-serving bias, we proposed three hypotheses that examine the effect of offline social exclusion on online reviews, which are verified by two studies using different simulating scenarios with 464 participants. The results show that when individuals are socially excluded offline, regardless of where the exclusion comes from (businesses or peers), they will be more likely to give negative online reviews. In addition, brand awareness moderates the effect of offline social exclusion on online reviews. Specifically, if the brand is less known, compared with social inclusion, offline social exclusion will lead individuals to give more negative online reviews; conversely, for well-known brands, no significant difference exists in the online reviews between social exclusion and inclusion.

Utjecaj Narodne knjižnice na kvalitetu života nezaposlenih građana = Influence of the Public Library on Unemployed Citizens’ Quality of Life

Cilj je rada predstaviti rezultate istraživanja o potrebama nezaposlenih građana Osječko-baranjske županije u svrhu unapređenja spoznaja o poboljšanju službi, usluga, programa i aktivnosti narodnih knjižnica te utjecaja na kvalitetu života nezaposlenih građana. Istraživanje je provedeno kvantitativnom metodom slučajnog uzorka (N = 250). U članku je prikazana slika stanja prije globalne zdravstvene pandemije COVID-19, krize koja je utjecala na cijeli svijet. Prikupljeni podaci statistički su obrađeni u Statističkom paketu za društvene znanosti primjenom opisne i korelacijske analize između dvije skupine varijabli te su izraženi u postotcima. Najvažniji rezultati istraživanja pokazali su da ispitani građani imaju potrebu za učenjem u sastavu cjeloživotnog obrazovanja, ali da su se, s druge strane, u najvećem ukupnom postotku na ponuđene potrebe u knjižničnom prostoru, izjasnili da nemaju potrebe. Najizraženije potrebe ispitanih građana su potrebe za učenjem engleskoga i njemačkoga jezika; računalnim i tehničkim vještinama, potreba za usavršavanjem komunikacijskih vještina; usavršavanjem dodatnih socijalnih vještina kroz timski rad, upoznavanjem pravila poslovnog bontona, stjecanjem organizacijskih vještina, promocijskih vještina, učenjem neverbalne komunikacije ili govora tijela. Rezultat istraživanja pokazao je da, unatoč tomu što je dio ispitanika (41,6 %) član narodne knjižnice, i dalje ima različite potrebe u sastavu cjeloživotnog obrazovanja, a njihova im narodna knjižnica ne pruža mogućnost ispunjavanja. Pokazao je i to da nisu sve narodne knjižnice u Osječko-baranjskoj županiji otvorene za sve korisnike. Nezaposleni, društveno isključeni građani mišljenja su da narodna knjižnica može pomoći u razvoju zajednice, ali ne i nezaposlenima. = The aim of this paper is to present the results of the research on the needs of unemployed citizens in the Osijek-Baranja County with the purpose of improving the knowledge of advancing the services, programs, and activities of public libraries, as well as the quality of life of unemployed citizens. Research was conducted using the random sampling method (N=250). The article presents a picture of the situation before the global COVID-19 health pandemic, the crisis that affected the whole world. The collected data was statistically analyzed in SPSS, the Statistical Package for Social Sciences, using correlation and descriptive analysis on two groups and was thereafter expressed in percentages. The most important results of the research showed that the selected citizens have a need for lifelong learning, but that at the same time the largest percentage of them do not have the need to fulfill the named needs in a library space. Most pronounced needs of tested citizens are the needs to learn English and German; computer and technical skills, the need to perfect communication skills; perfecting additional social skills through teamwork, familiarizing oneself with workspace etiquette, gaining organizational skills, promotional skills, learning nonverbal communication or body language. The results show that public libraries do not allow a portion of the subjects (41.6%) to fulfill their needs, despite them having a membership to the public library and having different needs for lifelong learning. Likewise, results show that not all public libraries within the Osijek-Baranja County are open to all users. Socially excluded unemployed citizens believe that the public library can help develop communities and unemployed citizens alike.

Designing Participatory Aging Research on Exclusion From Social Relations: A Citizen Science Project

Many policies and initiatives aim at enhancing the social participation of older adults. Despite this growing interest in increasing social inclusion and combating social exclusion in older age, the voices of socially-excluded older adults and their experiences remain underrepresented in research. Based on data from the Austrian research project “Socially Excluded Older Adults: Voices and Experiences” (SEVEN), I reflect on what it means to co-create research with the hard-to-reach populations of socially excluded older adults. Data discussed is derived By inviting this group to participate in each stage of the research, the project develops an innovative approach that, on the one hand, facilitates and advances ways for socially-excluded older adults to express their voices, thereby empowering them and their self-advocacy, and, on the other hand, creates research insights that are able to grasp the life worlds of older, socially excluded adults more accurately.

Doing Aging Research Together: Innovative Perspectives on Participatory Approaches

The symposium aims to take a closer look at what it means to involve older participants in ageing research - beyond the role of research subjects. By discussing projects that deploy different participatory approaches we investigate the manifold ways in which older adults can become co-creators of the research process. We do so comparing such approaches in different domains, with different outcomes and in different stages of the research process. Consequently, this symposium (1) looks at the research process through the lens of benefits and challenges resulting from involving older adults as co-creators; (2) showcases projects across different domains and different jurisdictions that applied participatory approach in ageing research to discuss benefits and challenges, and (3) advances scientific insights into participatory approaches involving older adults. After an introductory contribution outlining theories, concepts and developments of participatory approaches in ageing research, we present insights from three empirical studies in different cultural and thematic settings. In our first presentation, Anna Wanka and Anna Urbaniak open the symposium by presenting an overview of participatory approaches that involve older adults. In the first empirical presentation, Julia Nolte and Hamid Turker discuss the process of involving older adults in data analysis and therefor present data from the US. In the third presentation, Lillian Hunn highlights how the recent COVID-19 pandemic impacted patient involvement in research in Canada. Finally, Anna Urbaniak discusses the process of planning participatory research with hard to reach population among older adults in Austria, namely those who are socially excluded.

Praca wychowawcza z dziewczętami wykluczonymi społecznie – w ujęciu bł. Marii Karłowskiej (1865–1935)

Educational Work with Socially Excluded Girls – in Terms of the Blessed Maria Karłowska (1865–1935) This text presents the concept of education developed by Blessed Maria Karłowska (1865–1935). The foundress of the Congregation of the Shepherds of Divine Providence worked all her life with socially excluded people, especially girls and young women who were prostitutes. She established care and educational centers for them, where, together with her colleagues, she helped them to overcome their life crises. Several important assumptions can be distinguished in the educational system introduced by Karłowska. First of all, the social and moral development of the pupil was important. Much emphasis was placed on apprenticeship and work. Education to freedom, independence, and citizenship was also a priority, which was based on the assumptions of the pedagogy of dialogue and love. The educators had to show patience and understanding, work on the resources of the charges, and also prevent risky behaviors. Despite the passage of time, this concept has not lost its importance as it is based on universal values that are fundamental in educational work with young people at risk of social exclusion.