The direct and indirect effects of parental trauma on child adjustment for resettled refugees in Australia

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Behice Humeyra Kara ◽  
Jaimee Stuart
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Child Adjustment ◽  
Refugee Children ◽  
Harsh Parenting ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Poor Child ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Child Reports ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Post Traumatic

Purpose Understanding the effects trauma has on refugee parents and consequently, their children, is the first step in interrupting the intergenerational transmission of trauma. This study aims to investigate the impacts of parental exposure to trauma pre-settlement on parent and child reports of developmental difficulties as mediated by parental post-traumatic stress symptomology and harsh parenting. Design/methodology/approach The study included 414 refugee children (age M = 14.04, SD = 2.00; 48.3% female) and their caregivers (age M = 41.78, SD = 5.24, 77% female). The sample was drawn from the Building a New Life in Australia study, a large, representative cohort study of resettled refugees in Australia. Only data collected where both parents and their children could be matched were used in this study. Findings Results indicated that trauma was significantly associated with increased parental post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in all models and was negatively, albeit weakly, associated with lower levels of harsh parenting in the overall model which combined parent and child reports. Trauma also had a weak, positive indirect effect on developmental difficulties via parental PTSD in both the overall model and the model assessing parent-rated developmental difficulties. In all models, harsh parenting was associated with increased developmental difficulties, although harsh parenting did not act as a significant mediator of the effects of trauma or parental PTSD. Originality/value Results suggest that prior traumas had less of an adverse effect on parenting and child adjustment as was expected. Parenting, however, was strongly associated with poor child adjustment, indicating that this may be a key factor to encourage positive adjustment for refugee children.

scholarly journals Parental post-traumatic stress and psychiatric care utilisation among refugee adolescents

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Berg ◽  
Edith de Montgomery ◽  
Monica Brendler-Lindquist ◽  
Ellenor Mittendorfer-Rutz ◽  
Anders Hjern
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Psychiatric Care ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Refugee Children ◽  
Care Utilization ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Cox Regression Analysis ◽  
Family Approach ◽  
Post Traumatic

AbstractParental psychiatric morbidity related to experiences of war and trauma has been associated with adverse psychological outcomes for children. The aim of this study was to investigate parental post-traumatic stress in relation to psychiatric care utilization among children of refugees with particular attention on the child’s own refugee status, sex of both child and parents, and specific psychiatric diagnoses. This was a register study in a population of 16 143 adolescents from refugee families in Stockholm County born 1995–2000 and followed between 2011 and 2017 (11–18 years old). Parental post-traumatic stress, identified in three levels of care, was analysed in relation to child and adolescent psychiatric care use. Cox regression analysis was used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), adjusted for duration of residence and demographic and socioeconomic variables. Having a mother with post-traumatic stress was associated with higher psychiatric care utilization, with adjusted HR 2.44 (95% CI 1.90–3.14) among foreign-born refugee children and HR 1.77 (1.33–2.36) among Swedish-born children with refugee parents, with particularly high risks for children with less than five years of residence (HR 4.03; 2.29–7.10) and for diagnoses of anxiety and depression (HR 2.71; 2.11–3.48). Having a father with post-traumatic stress was not associated with increased HRs of psychiatric care utilization. Similar results were seen for boys and girls. Treatment for post-traumatic stress should be made available in refugee reception programmes. These programmes should use a family approach that targets both parents and children.

Use and correlates of VHA tobacco cessation counseling services by veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan Kelly ◽  
Shihwe Wang ◽  
Robert Rosenheck
Keyword(s):  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Tobacco Cessation ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Fiscal Year ◽  
Counseling Services ◽  
Health Administration ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Post Traumatic

Purpose Veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have high lifetime rates of smoking and often have substantial difficulty quitting. However, relatively little research has focussed on the use of Veterans Health Administration (VHA) intensive tobacco cessation counseling services by veterans with PTSD and the characteristics of veterans with PTSD who do and do not use these services. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach The present study is an analysis of national VHA administrative data fiscal year 2012 that identified utilization rates of VHA intensive tobacco cessation counseling among veterans with diagnoses of both PTSD and tobacco use disorder (TUD) (N=144,990) and the correlates of tobacco cessation counseling use. Findings Altogether, 7,921 veterans with PTSD diagnosed with TUD used VHA tobacco cessation services (5.5 percent). Veterans with PTSD who used tobacco cessation counseling services were more likely to have been homeless, to have a comorbid drug use disorder, and had used other VHA services more frequently than their counterparts who did not access tobacco cessation counseling. The use of outpatient mental health and substance use services was the strongest correlate of tobacco cessation counseling use by veterans in this sample. Notably, veterans with PTSD, TUD and HIV were more likely to engage in tobacco cessation services. Originality/value This study demonstrates that future efforts should focus on increasing provider and veteran awareness of and accessibility to VHA intensive tobacco cessation counseling for veterans with PTSD.

Faking it: incentives and malingered PTSD

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristine A. Peace ◽  
Victoria E.S. Richards
Keyword(s):  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Symptom Profiles ◽  
Symptom Reports ◽  
Symptom Scores ◽  
Post Traumatic

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to address how context for malingering and the provision of incentives influence malingered symptom profiles of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Design/methodology/approach – A 2 (case context)×3 (incentive) factorial design was utilized. Participants (n=298) were given an incentive (positive, negative, or no incentive), randomly assigned to a criminal or civil context, and asked to provide a fake claim of child abuse with corresponding malingered symptoms of PTSD. Under these conditions, participants completed several questionnaires pertaining to symptoms of trauma and PTSD. Findings – Results indicated that negative incentives were primarily associated with lower symptom scores. Therefore, “having something to lose” may result in more constrained (and realistic) symptom reports relative to exaggeration evidenced with positive incentives. Originality/value – These results have implications for forensic settings where malingered claims of PTSD are common and incentives for such claims (e.g. having something to gain or lose) frequently exist. Previous studies have failed to address incentives (positive and negative) in relation to a crime (i.e. abuse) that can span both criminal and civil contexts.

The prevalence of depression and post-traumatic stress disorder among internally displaced persons in Maiduguri, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah Oyine Aluh ◽  
Roland Nnaemeka Okoro ◽  
Adamu Zimboh
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Internally Displaced Persons ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Internally Displaced ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression ◽  
Post Traumatic

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to assess the prevalence of depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among internally displaced persons (IDPs) in Maiduguri. Design/methodology/approach The study was a cross-sectional study that took place among the six IDP camps located in Maiduguri metropolis in Borno State. A non-randomized technique was used to sample 1,200 respondents. Face-to-face interviews with selected members of households were carried out confidentially. The study used the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and Impact of Event Scale-6 which were translated to Kanuri. Descriptive and inferential statistics were employed using SPSS version 21. Findings The response rate was 100 percent. In total, 96.1 percent (1,153) of the respondents were depressed, while 78 percent (936) of the respondents were symptomatic for PTSD. The prevalence rate of comorbid PTSD with depression was 68.1 percent (817). About one-third of the respondents had moderately severe depression (29.6 percent, n=355) while about one in ten of them were severely depressed (11.3 percent, n=136). The odds of being depressed was 3.308 higher in people aged 51–60 years compared to people between 18 and 20 years. Significant predictors of depression in the sampled population were screening positive for PTSD and being unemployed. Practical implications The high prevalence of depression and PTSD among the sampled population calls for structured interventions to deal with mental health problems. The study findings suggest the need for more research (preferably qualitative) on the mental health issues in this population. Originality/value This study contributes to the sparse available literature on the mental health of IDPs in Nigeria.

Nature-based therapy as a treatment for veterans with PTSD: what do we know?

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorthe Varning Poulsen
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Target Group ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Treatment Programs ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive argument for nature-based therapy (NBT) for veterans with post-traumatic stress syndrome. It is the aim to generate an overview of the evidence for NBT to the target group. A review of available scientific literature within the field, has been comprehensively conducted. This work is the foundation for the recommendations to decision makers and politicians. Design/methodology/approach This paper provides a conceptual analyses and a general review of the literature. Following steps have been conducted. Based on the research question, relevant work (scientific papers) have been identified using search terms in English within the three areas the target group (veterans), the diagnosis (post-traumatic stress disorder, PTSD) and treatment (NBT). Study-quality and evidence level have been assessed and discussed. Findings The findings show a wide variation according to the interventions the nature setting, the length and frequency of the NBT session as well as the health outcome measures. The studies demonstrated a positive impact on the PTSD symptoms, quality of life and hope. None of the studies found negative impact of the interventions. Being in a group of other veterans facing the same problems was highlighted as well. Some studies measured the ability to return to workforce for the veterans and found NBT beneficial in that process. Research limitations/implications The limitation of the research due to the methods of identifying studies. The purpose of this was to give an overview of existing literature, and there can be studies, that are not found in this process. Including qualitative and quantitative methods are useful in a process of understanding the impact of NBT for veterans with PTSD. The quantitative studies, which unfortunately are few, can give information of the extent to which the treatment affects the symptoms of PTSD. Seen in the perspective of the burden for the veterans suffering from PTSD and the economic burden for society, the process of synthesizing the research in the field in order to generate a fundament seems necessary. Practical implications This policy papers are useful in order to make recommendations for politicians and decision makers as well as practitioners. Social implications The burden of suffering from PTSD is heavy for the veterans and their family. The society must drive forward the development of new and better evidence-based treatment programs for veterans with PTSD. NBT might be a step in the right direction of this. Originality/value It is well-known that there are an increase in the number of veterans diagnosed with PTSD. Generally the drop-out rate of the veterans is high in conventional treatment and it is found that veterans experience some side effects from medical treatment. NBT is, in existing research, found to have a positive impact on the veterans, and therefore, it should be part of future treatment programs for veterans with PTSD.

scholarly journals Screening for post-traumatic stress symptoms in looked after children

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 365-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lottie Morris ◽  
Paul Salkovskis ◽  
Joanna Adams ◽  
Andrew Lister ◽  
Richard Meiser-Stedman
Keyword(s):  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Screening Tool ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Psychological Therapies ◽  
Looked After Children ◽  
Biological Parents ◽  
Post Traumatic

Purpose – Many children who are looked after by the state have experienced adverse and traumatic life circumstances prior to being removed from their biological parents. Previous research has highlighted that many of them experience barriers to accessing psychological therapies. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the feasibility of assessing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)-like symptoms using a screening tool, and through this to determine the prevalence of PTSD-like symptoms in looked after children presenting with emotional and/or behavioural problems. Design/methodology/approach – The Child Revised Impact of Events Scale (CRIES-8) was identified as a suitable screening tool for PTSD-like symptoms. This measure was piloted for three months, and the prevalence of PTSD-like symptoms amongst respondents (n=27) was recorded. Findings – Prevalence of PTSD-like symptoms was found to be high 75 per cent amongst respondents. The psychometric properties of the CRIES-8 were similar to those found in a previous study assessing PTSD following a single-incident trauma. Health care professionals reported finding the CRIES-8 to be a clinically useful measure. Originality/value – Prevalence of PTSD-like symptoms may be high amongst looked after children, and the CRIES-8 appears to have good psychometric properties when used with this population. It is likely that this highly treatable condition is under-detected: thus, recommendations are made for clinical practice and further research.

scholarly journals Risk and protective factors for the course of post-traumatic stress disorder in frontline workers after the Christchurch, New Zealand earthquake

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
David McBride ◽  
Nancy Porter ◽  
Kirsten Lovelock ◽  
Daniel Shepherd ◽  
Maria Zubizaretta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Over Time

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to describe risk and protective factors for symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) experienced over a 1.5-year period among both frontline and “non-traditional” responders to the 2010 and 2011 earthquakes in Christchurch, New Zealand. Design/methodology/approach A longitudinal survey administered to Christchurch workers with referents from the city of Hamilton at 6, 12 and 18 months after the 2011 earthquake. Potential risk and protective determinants were assessed by questionnaire items at baseline and over time, the outcome being PTSD as assessed by the PTSD Checklist-Civilian version. A longitudinal latent class analysis identified groups with similar trajectories of PTSD. Findings A total of 226 individuals, 140 (26 per cent) from Christchurch and 86 (16 per cent) from Hamilton, participated at baseline, 180 at 12 and 123 at 18 months, non-traditional responders forming the largest single group. Two latent classes emerged, with PTSD (21 per cent) and without PTSD (79 per cent), with little change over the 18-month period. Class membership was predicted by high scores in the Social Support and Impact of Events scale items, Health-related Quality of Life scores being protective. PTSD scores indicative of distress were found in females, and predicted by burnout risk, behavioural disengagement and venting. Practical implications Non-traditional responders should be screened for PTSD. Social support should be considered with the promotion of adaptive coping mechanisms. Originality/value The strength was longitudinal follow-up over an 18-month period, with demonstration of how the potential determinants influenced the course of PTSD over time.

scholarly journals Post traumatic stress disorder in incarcerated populations: current clinical considerations and recommendations

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-42
Author(s):  
Clare S. Allely ◽  
Bob Allely
Keyword(s):  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Literature Reviews ◽  
Incarcerated Populations ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Clinical Considerations ◽  
Detrimental Impact

Purpose Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) may have a detrimental impact on the individual’s ability to benefit from rehabilitative prison-based programmes, and studies have also found that there is an association between PTSD and higher rates of re-offending. Studies have also found that a significant number of cases of trauma and PTSD go undetected and therefore untreated in individuals who are incarcerated. Design/methodology/approach A literature review was carried out exploring studies that have investigated PTSD in incarcerated populations to identify current clinical considerations and recommendations. Findings This paper explores the key findings from the literature and highlights the important clinical implications and recommendations. Originality/value To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first paper focusing specifically on how the findings from the literature can inform clinical practice and also what factors need to be given greater consideration, going beyond the current systematic and literature reviews in the field.

EMDR therapy with people who have intellectual disabilities: process, adaptations and outcomes

2022 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne L.B. Porter
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Outcome Data ◽  
Clinical Psychologist ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
People With Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Emdr Therapy

Purpose Emerging evidence indicates that adapted eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR) can be useful for people with intellectual disabilities in treating post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, the required adaptations are not described in enough detail across the literature, making it difficult for therapists to easily adapt EMDR for people with intellectual disabilities. This paper aims to address this by describing 14 clinical cases, along with outcome data for six people, and the views of five people with intellectual disabilities about EMDR. Design/methodology/approach A total of 14 people with mild or moderate intellectual disabilities and varied experiences of trauma were offered EMDR by one clinical psychologist in a UK NHS setting; nine people completed EMDR therapy, six people provided outcome data with pre-post measures and five people were asked two questions about EMDR therapy. Findings Adaptations are described. The outcome data indicate reductions in symptoms of PTSD following EMDR intervention. EMDR was liked and perceived as useful. Originality/value This paper provides details about adaptations that can be made to the standard EMDR protocol, reports the views of service users about EMDR and adds evidence that EMDR reduces symptoms of PTSD in people who have intellectual disabilities.

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