Do banks accumulate a higher level of intellectual capital? Evidence from an emerging market

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ngoc Phu Tran ◽  
Duc Hong Vo
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Capital ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Relational Capital ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Financial Firms ◽  
Structural Capital ◽  
Capital Efficiency ◽  
Nonfinancial Firms

PurposeIn developed countries, banks are perceived to accumulate a higher level of intellectual capital than firms in other sectors. However, this perception has not been considered or tested in the context of an emerging market such as Vietnam, which has one of the most dynamic economies in the Asian region. This study estimates and compares the level of accumulation of intellectual capital and its four components by financial and nonfinancial firms in Vietnam. Furthermore, this study examines the relationship between intellectual capital and its components and the performance of financial and nonfinancial firms.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses data collected from the annual reports of 75 financial and 75 nonfinancial firms in Vietnam from 2011 to 2018. A modified value-added intellectual coefficient model is adopted to measure the level of intellectual capital at firms. Various aspects of intellectual capital are considered, including the efficiency of human capital, structural capital, capital employed and relational capital. In addition, the generalized method of moments is used to ensure the robustness of the findings.FindingsFindings in this study indicate that financial firms in Vietnam have accumulated a higher level of intellectual capital than nonfinancial firms. In addition, intellectual capital contributes positively to financial firms' performance. Three components of intellectual capital – structural capital efficiency, capital employed efficiency and relational capital efficiency – positively affect performance by financial firms.Research limitations/implicationsThis study is limited to financial and nonfinancial firms in Vietnam. Empirical studies in the future should incorporate the efficiency aspects of these types of firms because different industries might have different characteristics, in particular, their current efficiency level, which might cause differences in relation to the accumulation of intellectual capital.Practical implicationsThe findings of this study provide valuable evidence and implications for executives and policymakers in creating, managing and enhancing intellectual capital within the Vietnamese context, in particular in the financial sector.Originality/valueTo the best of our knowledge, this is the first empirical study conducted in the context of Vietnam, with the following two objectives: (1) to measure and compare the level of accumulation of intellectual capital by financial and nonfinancial firms in Vietnam; and (2) to examine the contribution of intellectual capital and its components to the performance by financial and nonfinancial firms in Vietnam.

The impact of intellectual capital on SMEs’ performance in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 488-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Xu ◽  
Jingsuo Li
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Intellectual Capital ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Operating Efficiency ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Relational Capital ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Structural Capital ◽  
Capital Efficiency ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore and compare the extent of intellectual capital (IC) and its four components in high-tech and non-high-tech small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) operating in China’s manufacturing sector, and to examine the relationship between IC and the performance of high-tech and non-high-tech SMEs. Design/methodology/approach The study uses the data of 116 high-tech SMEs and 380 non-high-tech SMEs listed on the Shenzhen stock exchanges during 2012–2016. The modified value added intellectual coefficient (MVAIC) model is used incorporating four components, namely, capital employed, human capital, structural capital and relational capital. Finally, multiple regression analysis is utilized to test the proposed research hypotheses. Findings The findings of this paper reveal that there is significant difference in MVAIC between high-tech and non-high-tech SMEs. The results further indicate a positive relationship between IC and financial performance of high-tech and non-high-tech SMEs. Specifically, IC is positively associated with firms’ earnings, profitability and operating efficiency. Additionally, capital employed efficiency, human capital efficiency and structural capital efficiency are found to be the most influential value drivers for the performance of two types of SMEs while relational capital efficiency possesses less importance. Practical implications This paper will provide a valuable framework for executives, managers and policy makers in managing IC within the Chinese context. Originality/value To the best knowledge of the authors, this is the first empirical study that has been conducted on high-tech and non-high-tech SMEs in the manufacturing sector in China.

scholarly journals Intellectual Capital Performance of the Textile Industry in Emerging Markets: A Comparison with China and South Korea

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Xu ◽  
Binghan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Emerging Markets ◽  
Intellectual Capital ◽  
Textile Industry ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Relational Capital ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Structural Capital ◽  
Capital Efficiency

In this study, the Value Added Intellectual Capital (VAICTM) and Modified Value Added Intellectual Capital (MVAICTM) models are utilized to analyze intellectual capital (IC) performance of the textile industry in China and South Korea during 2012–2017, and measure the contribution of IC sub-components to companies’ performance. The results show that the aggregate IC positively affects earnings, profitability, and productivity of textile companies in China and South Korea. At the sub-components level, the contribution of capital employed efficiency (CEE) is the largest, followed by structural capital efficiency (SCE), and relational capital efficiency (RCE) in China’s textile industry. In addition, Korea’s textile industry relies heavily on CEE and human capital efficiency (HCE), while the contribution of RCE is relatively small. Finally, relevant policies are put forward to promote the sustainable development of the textile industry in these two emerging markets.

The relationship between intellectual capital, firms’ market value and financial performance

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 587-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sirinuch Nimtrakoon
Keyword(s):  
Financial Performance ◽  
Intellectual Capital ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Market Value ◽  
Relational Capital ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Capital Efficiency ◽  
Asean Countries ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore and compare the extent of intellectual capital (IC) and its four components among ASEAN countries, and examine the relationship between firms’ IC, market value, and financial performance. Design/methodology/approach – The study uses the data of 213 technology firms listed on five ASEAN stock exchanges. Pulic’s Value Added Intellectual Coefficient model is modified by adding an extra component, namely, relational capital efficiency (RCE). The Kruskal-Wallis one-way ANOVA and multiple regression analysis have been utilized to test the hypotheses. Findings – The results reveal that there is no significant difference in Modified Value Added Intellectual Coefficient (MVAIC) across five ASEAN countries; however, firms in each country tend to place a different degree of emphasis on components of MVAIC to generate corporate value. The results further indicate a positive relationship between IC and market value, confirming that firms with greater IC tend to have greater market value. Likewise, a positive relationship between IC and financial performance measures is confirmed. Specifically, IC is found to be positively associated with margin ratio and return on assets. Capital employed efficiency and human capital efficiency are found to be the most influential value drivers for both market value and financial performance while structural capital efficiency and relational capital efficiency possess less importance. Originality/value – This study contributes to the IC literature by expanding our knowledge of IC in the emerging economies, and providing a national comparative IC research when such research is limited.

Intellectual capital and financial performance in social cooperative enterprises

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 712-731 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Bontis ◽  
Massimo Ciambotti ◽  
Federica Palazzi ◽  
Francesca Sgro
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Intellectual Capital ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Performance Outcomes ◽  
Relational Capital ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Structural Capital ◽  
Cooperative Enterprises

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide empirical evidence of the relationship between intellectual capital (IC) and economic performance, with focus on social cooperative enterprises (SCEs) that work in non-profit sectors. Design/methodology/approach A survey was developed and administered in Italy. A final sample of 151 SCEs participated in the study. Data were collected on IC measures, social enterprise activities and economic and mission-based performance outcomes. Findings Two hypotheses that proposed a positive association between IC sub-components (i.e. human capital, structural capital and relational capital) and the economic and mission-based performance of SCEs were tested. Findings highlight that human capital contributes to explain economic performance which is positively affected by the presence of graduate employees and value added per employee. However, economic performance is negatively affected by the yearly training per employee. In addition, human and relational capital contribute to explain mission-based performance which is positively affected by yearly training, the value added per employee and the quality of relationships with customers. However, mission-based performance is negatively affected by the relationships’ quality with the reference territorial community. Therefore, relational capital would seem to affect only mission-based performance, and human capital influences both dimensions of corporate performance. Structural capital does not affect social cooperatives’ performance. Practical implications Some of the results in this study are particular to this research setting. It is therefore important for senior leaders of SCEs to take the results of general IC literature with a grain of salt. Whereas most of the academic literature generally supports the positive relationship of all IC sub-components (i.e. human, structural and relational capital) with performance outcomes, this is not the case in this particular study. Originality/value This is the first empirical study that has examined the linkages between IC sub-components and performance outcomes in SCEs in Italy.

The relationship between intellectual capital and employees' productivity: evidence from the Gulf Cooperation Council

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amina Buallay ◽  
Ala’a Adden Abuhommous ◽  
Gagan Kukreja
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Intellectual Capital ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Gulf Cooperation Council ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
Structural Capital ◽  
Capital Efficiency ◽  
The Relationship

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to establish the relationship between intellectual capital (IC) and employees' productivity (EP) in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) region.Design/methodology/approachThe value-added intellectual coefficient (VAIC) is used to measure IC performance in 198 firms listed in Saudi Arabia and Bahrain from 2012 to 2014. The pooled-corrected estimation technique is used to estimate a panel regression model with EP as the dependent variable. Firm size and sectors are controlled for in the regression analysis. The independent variable (IC) has been measured using human capital efficiency (HCE), structural capital efficiency and capital employed efficiency (CEE) in order to measure the value of IC.FindingsBased on the VAIC, the authors found that the values of IC investments are mostly generated from investments in human capital. The results of the panel-corrected ordinary least square indicate that VAIC and its individual components are positive and significantly related to variations in employees' productivity. HCE contributed the highest and CEE contributed lowest VAIC.Originality/valueThe originality of this paper is to show the importance of investment in the human capital as a key contributor of firm's performance. Hence, this study encourages firm's leaders and management in the GCC to invest and focus their management/leadership styles on human capital to achieve their goals. To the best of the knowledge of the coauthors, this is the first study which empirically examines the relationship between IC and EP in the GCC region.

Intellectual capital and bank performance in Vietnam

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Duc Hong Vo ◽  
Ngoc Phu Tran
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Firm Performance ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Intellectual Capital ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Bank Performance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Gulf Countries ◽  
Capital Efficiency

PurposeFor the past two decades, intellectual capital has played an increasingly important role in firm performance around the world. However, the importance of intellectual capital in Vietnam, and especially in the banking sector, has largely been ignored in the literature. This study is the first to examine the effect of intellectual capital on bank performance in Vietnam. In this paper, intellectual capital is decomposed into three components: (1) capital employed efficiency, (2) human capital efficiency and (3) structural capital efficiency.Design/methodology/approachThe paper uses an unbalanced panel dataset on 14 listed banks in Vietnam for the period 2009–2018 for which required data are available, with the generalized method of moments.FindingsThe findings indicate that intellectual capital contributes significantly and positively to bank performance in Vietnam. In addition, bank performance is driven primarily by capital employed efficiency. Although human capital efficiency appears to contribute positively to bank performance, the effect on bank performance appears to be marginal.Originality/valueThe literature review indicates that the effect of intellectual capital on bank performance is mixed. This effect can be positive or negative or even show a U-shaped relationship. The effects of intellectual capital on firm performance are not consistent, depending on factors such as the quantitative technique and sample used. As such, this paper extends analysis of Vietnam to cover the 10-year period from 2009 to 2018. The literature review reveals that the contribution of intellectual capital to bank performance has largely been ignored in the context of Vietnam. Studies have been conducted on the Gulf countries, such as Buallay et al. (2020). However, because the context in Vietnam differs from that of the Gulf countries, their experience might not be relevant to Vietnam. Vietnam is an emerging market in Southeast Asia, whereas Gulf countries have high income levels. So, it is necessary to examine direct evidence on Vietnam.

Technical efficiency, intellectual capital efficiency and bank performance in emerging markets: the case of India

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Santi Gopal Maji ◽  
Farah Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Quantile Regression ◽  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Intellectual Capital ◽  
Conditional Distribution ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Bank Performance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Dynamic Framework ◽  
Capital Efficiency

PurposeThis paper examines the impacts of technical efficiency and intellectual capital efficiency (ICE) on bank performance in India after controlling other bank-, industry-specific and macroeconomic variables.Design/methodology/approachThe authors use secondary data on listed Indian commercial banks for the period 2005–2018. The authors use data envelopment analysis (DEA) technique-based Malmquist index (MI) to obtain technical efficiency and value-added intellectual coefficient (VAIC) model for computing ICE. System generalized method of moments (GMM) (SGMM) model in a dynamic framework is used to estimate the parameters, which takes into consideration issues of endogeneity, heterogeneity and persistence of bank performance. Further, the authors use quantile regression model to examine whether the impacts of covariates are homogeneous at different locations of the conditional distribution of bank performance.FindingsThe authors find positive impact of technical efficiency and negative influence of market concentration on bank performance. The results of the study support the efficient structure (ES) hypothesis (ESH). The authors observe positive influence of intellectual capital (IC) on bank performance, which indicates the relevance of intellectual resources in enhancing banks' value. Further, the results of quantile regression indicate that the impacts of technical efficiency and ICE are more pronounced at higher quantiles of the conditional distribution of bank performance.Originality/valueThis paper in the Indian context examines the influences of technical efficiency and ICE after controlling bank-, industry-specific and macroeconomic factors.

scholarly journals Intellectual capital and financial performance: Case of the emerging market banks

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-41
Author(s):  
Hadeel Yaseen ◽  
Asma’a Al-Amarneh
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Capital ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Return On Assets ◽  
Structural Capital ◽  
Amman Stock Exchange ◽  
Capital Efficiency ◽  
The Impact

Using the value added intellectual capital (VAIC) this study aims to investigate the impact of intellectual capital (IC) on the performance of Jordanian banks listed in the Amman Stock Exchange (ASE) during the years 2005-2018. Two empirical models were designed to test the effect of VAIC, and its three components including capital employed efficiency (CEE), human capital efficiency (HCE) and structural capital efficiency (SCE) on banking performance. The results of the study show that there is a significant and positive relationship between VAIC and banks profitability presented by return on assets (ROA). Meanwhile, when VAIC is split into components, SCE, CEE and HCE have a significant and positive impact on banks performance. Yet, CEE has more influence on performance compared to HCE and SCE. This study contributes to the literature as well as practitioners in financial institutions by providing evidence on the influence of intellectual capital on banks performance in an emerging economy, Jordan, in which its national vision and strategy emphasize the importance of intellectual capital in sustaining its economic growth.

The impact of intellectual capital on firm performance: a study of Indian firms listed in COSPI

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 935-964 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neha Smriti ◽  
Niladri Das
Keyword(s):  
Firm Performance ◽  
Intellectual Capital ◽  
Value Creation ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Share Price ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Listed Firms ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of intellectual capital (IC) on financial performance (FP) for Indian companies listed on the Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy Overall Share Price Index (COSPI). Design/methodology/approach Hypotheses were developed according to theories and literature review. Secondary data were collected from Indian companies listed on the COSPI between 2001 and 2016, and the value-added intellectual coefficient (VAIC) of Pulic (2000) was used to measure IC and its components. A dynamic system generalized method of moments (SGMM) estimator was employed to identify the variables that significantly contribute to firm performance. Findings Indian listed firms appear to be performing well and efficiently utilizing their IC. Overall, human capital had a major impact on firm productivity during the study period. Furthermore, the empirical analysis showed that structural capital efficiency and capital employed efficiency were equally important contributors to firm’s sales growth and market value. The growing importance of the contribution of IC to value creation was consistently reflected in the FP of these Indian companies. Practical implications This study has robust theoretical grounds and employs a validated methodology. The present study extends knowledge of IC among academicians and managers and highlights its contribution to value creation. The findings may help stakeholders and policymakers in developing countries properly reallocate intellectual resources. Originality/value This study is the first study to evaluate IC and its relationship with traditional measures of firm performance among Indian listed firms using dynamic SGMM and VAIC models.

scholarly journals Intellectual Capital and Firm Performance across Pakistani Industries

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ahmad ◽  
Rohani Mohd Rus
Keyword(s):  
Firm Performance ◽  
Intellectual Capital ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Service Industries ◽  
Financial Firms ◽  
Generalized Methods Of Moments ◽  
Capital Efficiency ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Methods Of Moments ◽  
The Relationship

This study sheds light on the differences in intellectual capital (IC) efficiencies across non-financial sectors in Pakistan and determines the relationship between IC and firm performance. The study used sample of 155 non-financial firms from the manufacturing and service industries of Pakistan for the period 2009-2018. This study contributes to IC research by applying modified value-added intellectual capital (MVAIC) model with relationship to firm performance (return on assets and Tobin’s Q) of Pakistani non-financial firms which was overlooked by the previous researchers. In addition, to deal with endogeneity, the dynamic panel generalized methods of moments regression is applied to test the relationship between IC and performance. Findings provide evidence that different sectors in non-financial industries manage IC components differently. IC increases both market-based performance and accounting-based performance of Pakistani firms. Among all IC components, human capital efficiency is an important determinant of firm performance. The implication can provide help managers and investors to understand the IC to increase the firm performance.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document