Scientific collaboration networks in Pakistan and their impact on institutional research performance

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fahad Sabah ◽  
Saeed-Ul Hassan ◽  
Amina Muazzam ◽  
Sehrish Iqbal ◽  
Saira Hanif Soroya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Collaboration ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Research Performance ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
External Information ◽  
Institutional Research ◽  
Institutional Performance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze the scientific collaboration of institutions and its impact on institutional research performance in terms of productivity and quality. The researchers examined the local and international collaborations that have a great impact on institutional performance. Design/methodology/approach Collaboration dependence measure was used to investigate the impact of an institution on external information. Based on this information, the authors used “index of gain in impact through collaboration” to find the impact of collaborated publications in institutional research performance. Bibliographic data between 1996 and 2010 retrieved from Scopus were used to conduct current study. The authors carried out the case study of top institutes of Pakistan in terms of publication count to elaborate the difference between high performing institutions and those who gain disproportionally in terms of perceived quality of their output because of local or international collaboration. Findings The results showed that the collaboration of developing countries institutes on international level had a great impact on institutional performance and they gain more benefit than local collaboration. Altogether, the scientific collaboration has a positive impact on institutional performance as measured by the cumulative source normalized impact per paper of their publications. The findings could also help researchers to find out appropriate collaboration partners. Originality/value This study has revealed some salient characteristics of collaboration in academic research. It becomes apparent that collaboration intensity is not uniform, but in general, the average quality of scientific production is the variable that most often correlates positively with the collaboration intensity of universities.

scholarly journals The Effect of TUBITAK’s R&D and Project Fundings on Academic Research Activities

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-91
Author(s):  
emine beyza satoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Research Performance ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Private Universities ◽  
Research Capacity ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Technological Research Council ◽  
The Impact

Universities, through providing research, publications and innovations in the scientific field, provide significant contributions to the national research and development (R&D) system. That is why most governments are keen to support scientific research activities directly or indirectly. In this regard, this paper aims to analyze the impact of R&D supports of TÜBİTAK (The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey) on the research performance of universities in Turkey. The study comparatively investigates the efficiency of the research fundings in different university types, public and private. As an empirical model, a panel data analysis spanning 2013 to 2018 period has been used for the top 10 public and top 11 private universities. Our findings prove that national research grants of TUBITAK have a significant and positive impact on academic research only when the highest-ranking universities are analyzed; otherwise, the impact is insignificant. Secondly, for the large sample analysis, we found that public universities used research funds more efficiently compared to private universities. Furthermore, our findings prove that teaching load does not necessarily risk the research capacity of a university.

Perceptions of nurses on the impact of accreditation on quality of care

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmet Yildiz ◽  
Sidika Kaya
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Patient Satisfaction ◽  
Quality Of Care ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
The Impact

Purpose – This article aims to investigate perceptions of Turkish nurses on the impact of accreditation on quality of care and the effect of accreditation on quality results. Design/methodology/approach – This study was performed as a cross-sectional, questionnaire-based survey on 258 nurses who started working in the hospital before it was accredited and continued to work during and after accrediation and who therefore knew both the hospital's pre-accrediation and post-accreditation periods. In this study, descriptive statistical analyses (means and standard deviations) were carried out to explore the views of the participants on “quality results,” “benefits of accreditation” and “participation of employees.” “Quality results” was considered to be the dependent variable, while “benefits of accreditation” and “participation of employees” were accepted as the independent variables. The relationship between the dependent variable and the independent variables was tested using Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis. External patient satisfaction data collected by the quality department of the hospital before and after accreditation were also investigated. Findings – It was found that nurses had generally high scores for the items concerning the benefits of accreditation. There was a statistically significant positive correlation between the dependent variable (quality results) and the independent variables (benefits of accreditation and participation of employees). Regression analysis indicated that R2=0.461 and the extent to which the independent variables explained the dependent variable was 46.1 per cent, which is a high rate. Patient satisfaction scores increased after accreditation. Practical implications – Our study suggest that providing support for nurses, especially nurses with administrative responsibilities and incorporating employees into the process are important for exercising quality standards. Originality/value – Hospital accreditation has a positive impact on quality results especially on quality of care provided to patients and patient satisfaction. Study findings could guide policy makers and hospital managers in Turkey and in other countries who are preparing or implementing accreditation.

scholarly journals Does open access to academic research help small, science-based companies?

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 95-109
Author(s):  
ElHassan ElSabry ◽  
Koichi Sumikura
Keyword(s):  
Open Access ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Poisson Model ◽  
Innovation Activity ◽  
Coping Mechanism ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Small Science ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Gain Access

PurposeThis study investigates the extent to which a company's usage of open access (OA) literature for R&D activities depends on its size. The authors’ assumption is that smaller pharmaceutical companies have less access to (usually expensive) journal subscriptions.Design/methodology/approachA fixed-effect Poisson model was used to study a panel dataset of USPTO pharmaceutical company patents. The dependent variable is the count of citations to OA resources in a given company patent.FindingsResults support current anecdotal evidence that many SMEs suffer from high journal prices.Originality/valueThis result justifies the assumption made by policymakers about the potentially positive impact OA mandates have on national innovation activity. It was also shown that collaborating with universities can be a potential coping mechanism for companies that struggle to gain access to the journals they need. In addition to the novelty of its findings, this study introduces a new way to study the impact of OA in nonacademic contexts.

Impact of board size on the accounting returns and the asset quality of Indian banks

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 297-313
Author(s):  
Ankur Shukla ◽  
Sivasankaran Narayanasamy ◽  
Ramachandran Krishnakumar
Keyword(s):  
Robust Regression ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
The Body ◽  
Board Size ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Indian Banks ◽  
Asset Quality ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of the paper is to explore the impact of board size on the accounting returns and asset quality of Indian banks. Design/methodology/approach This paper uses ordinary least squares regression, robust regression and panel data methods for estimation, based on data collected for a sample of 29 Indian banks that are listed on the National Stock Exchange (NSE) and form part of the NSE-500 index over a period of eight financial years 2009-2016. The data pertaining to the board size of the sample banks is collected from the annual reports of banks, whereas the data relating to return on assets (ROA) and ratio of the gross non-performing assets to total assets and control variables (bank age and bank size) is extracted from ACE Equity database. Findings This paper concludes that the size of the governing board has a positive impact on the accounting returns (measured through ROA) of the Indian banks. Further, board size is observed to be insignificant in determining the asset quality of Indian banks. Originality/value This paper contributes to the literature and practitioners in a number of ways. First, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study on the impact of board size on the accounting returns and asset quality of Indian banks. The findings of the study contribute new theoretical insights to the body of knowledge on the influence of the size of the board, which may be useful for future researchers. Second, banks may enhance their financial performance by taking cognizance of the findings of this study. Finally, equity investors may make use of the findings of this article in deciding on whether to invest in a bank’s stock/lend to the bank based on board size of the bank.

Regulating non-financial reporting: evidence from European firms’ environmental, social and governance disclosures and earnings risk

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Arif ◽  
Christohper Gan ◽  
Muhammad Nadeem
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Eu Directive ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Earnings Risk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

Purpose Motivated by the enactment of non-financial reporting regulations by the European Parliament, this paper aims to investigate the impact of European Union (EU) directive 2014/95/EU on the quantity of environmental, social and governance (ESG) disclosures by the S&P Europe 350 index firms. This study also investigates whether the implementation of the non-financial information (NFI) reporting regulations influences the association between ESG disclosures and firms’ earnings risk. Design/methodology/approach To measure the impact of mandatory regulations on the quantity of ESG disclosures, this study estimates the average treatment effects using a propensity weighted sample. Then this study uses the difference-in-differences method to estimate the differences in the association between ESG disclosures and earning risk before and after implementation of the EU directive. Findings The results show a significant positive impact of the EU directive on the quantity of ESG disclosures for the sample European public-interest entities, which indicates that the mandatory NFI reporting requirements could boost the availability of increasingly demanded ESG related information. The enhanced association between the ESG disclosures and firms’ earnings risk during the post-directive period reveals that mandating NFI reporting also increases the quality of ESG disclosures. Originality/value Using the legitimacy and decision-usefulness theories, this study provides novel evidence concerning the impact of the EU directive on the quantity and quality of ESG disclosures.

Does the threshold matter? The impact of the monitoring activity on non-performing loans

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Domenico Piatti ◽  
Peter Cincinelli
Keyword(s):  
Early Warning ◽  
Performance Indicator ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Threshold Level ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Monitoring Activity

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate whether the quality of the credit process is sensitive to reaching a particular threshold level of non-performing loans (NPLs) and, more importantly, whether higher NPLs ratios could make the monitoring activity ineffective.Design/methodology/approachThe empirical design is composed of two steps: in the first step, the authors introduce a monitoring performance indicator (MPI) of the credit process by combining the non-parametric technique Data Envelopment Analysis with some financial ratios adopted as input and output variables. As second step, the authors apply a threshold panel regression model to a sample of 298 Italian banks, over the time period 2006–2014, and the authors investigate whether the quality of the credit process is sensitive to reaching a particular threshold level of NPLs.FindingsThis paper finds that, first, when the NPLs ratio remains below the threshold value estimated endogenously, an increase in the quality of monitoring has a positive impact on the NPLs ratio. Second, if the NPLs ratio exceeds the estimated threshold, the relationship between the NPLs ratio and quality of monitoring assumes a positive value and is statistically significant.Research limitations/implicationsDue to the lack of data, the investigation of NPLs in the Italian industry across loan types combined with the monitoring effort by banks management was not possible. The authors plan to investigate this topic in future studies.Practical implicationsThe identification of the threshold has a double operational valence. The first regards the Supervisory Authority, the threshold approach could be used as an early warning in order to introduce active control strategies based on the additional information requested or by on-site inspections. The second implication is highlighted in relation to the individual banks, the monitoring of credit control quality, if objective and comparable, could facilitate the emergence of best practices among banks.Social implicationsA high NPLs ratio requires greater loan provisions, which reduces capital resources available for lending, and dents bank profitability. Moreover, structural weaknesses on banks’ balance sheets still persist particularly in relation to the inadequate internal governance structures. This means that bank management must able to recognise in advance early warning signals by providing prudent measurement together with an in-depth valuation of loans portfolio.Originality/valueThe originality of the paper is twofold: the authors introduce a new proxy of credit monitoring, called MPI; the authors provide an empirical proof of the Diamond’s (1991) economic intuition: for riskier borrowers, the monitoring activity is an inappropriate instrument depending on the bad reputational quality of borrowers.

The impact of audit committee, CEO, and external auditor quality on the quality of financial reporting

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulaziz Alzeban
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Audit Committee ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mediation Analyses ◽  
Auditor Quality ◽  
External Auditor ◽  
The Impact

Purpose This paper aims to explore the influence of corporate governance (CG) components on the quality of financial reporting (QFR). The components investigated are the Audit Committee (AC), CEO and external auditor quality. The study also examines whether the AC mediates the effects of other components of CG on the QFR. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected from 386 listed companies in four European countries for the period 2015-2017. The QFR was measured using two proxies, discretionary accruals and accruals quality. Firstly, an OLS regression model was estimated to measure the effects of the three variables investigated on the QFR, and to determine which of these variables had the greatest influence in this relationship. Secondly, several mediation analyses were performed to test whether the AC mediates the effects of the CEO, and external auditor quality on the QFR. Findings The findings reveal that each of these three components has a positive impact on the QFR, but that the AC has the greatest effect in this respect. The findings also indicate that the AC mediates the effect of the CEO on the QFR. Alternative tests and different measures for the variables confirm the robustness of the results obtained. Practical implications Significant implications are provided for regulators and policy-makers. Findings of the present study help regulators and policymakers to pay more attention to the enforcement of AC policies, and the appointment of AC members. Further, the results are helpful to policy-makers concerned with improving CG, and who need evidence of the role of high QFR in this matter. Originality/value The findings provide insights into the effect of CG on QFR, and into the most influential component in this relationship; hence, they make a valuable contribution to the literature. They also contribute to the topic of mediations analysis in CG research, providing additional evidence that the AC mediates the effects of the CEO, and external auditor quality on the QFR.

Quality versus volume of carbon disclosures and carbon reduction targets

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anup Kumar Saha ◽  
Bipasha Saha ◽  
Tonmoy Choudhury ◽  
Ferry Jie
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Higher Education Funding ◽  
Probit Regression ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Carbon Reduction ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the relationship between the quality and volume of carbon emission disclosures (CED) in UK higher educational institutions (HEIs), with an emphasis on the impact of the Higher Education Funding Council of England (HEFCE) carbon reduction target on such disclosures.Design/methodology/approachBased on stewardship theory, this study explores the decision usefulness of the CED by HEIs, i.e. whether a larger volume of CED means that it is more useful to readers and stakeholders. A framework was developed to measure the CED quality. The relationships between CED volume and quality were examined using the ordered probit regression model.FindingsCED volume in annual reports and HEFCE carbon reduction target were found to have a significant positive impact on CED quality. There exists a void in research with carbon disclosures by HEIs, an area which has been widely researched with regard to profit-seeking organisations. The study adds to the earlier related studies by its contribution about HEIs to the disclosure literature.Research limitations/implicationsThe study is distinct in investigating the relationship between volume and quality of CED by HEIs. However, the impact of CED would need to be clear to motivate the HEIs to engage in such disclosure. Thus, future studies should investigate the impact of both volume and quality of CED on reputation.Originality/valueThe study recognises that the characteristics of HEIs are distinct from profit-seeking organisations, which have been widely researched in literature. Generalising the research studies on profit-oriented companies for the most publicly funded UK HEIs may mislead any outcome. This study is distinct from the reader’s point of view in exploring whether more CED is more useful in better decision-making.

Research on the impact of academic libraries – areas, methods, indicators

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (8/9) ◽  
pp. 583-592
Author(s):  
Ewa Głowacka
Keyword(s):  
Academic Libraries ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
The Body ◽  
Research Information ◽  
Environmental Aspect ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to indicate the place of assessment of the impact of libraries in the overall quality evaluation of these institutions. In the paper, an attempt has been made to separate the concepts of the impact and values of library services and, according to the designated scope, the most important areas of research, methods and indicators for the assessment of the impact of academic libraries were characterized. The focus was on the most important areas, i.e. on the impact of libraries on didactics and academic research, information literacy and on its assessment in the cultural and environmental aspect. Design/methodology/approach A literature-based overview of actual insights on tasks and areas, methods, indicators research on the impact of academic is provided. Findings The author has determined that the analysis of the impact of academic libraries can mainly concern the following areas: information (influence on didactics, research and information competence of users), cultural and environmental. That is why it is worth analyzing the most important methods and indicators of research on the impact of academic libraries in these areas. The best way to research the quality of libraries, and especially to determine its impact on users and the environment, is to use a mixed methodology – a whole set of quantitative and qualitative methods and techniques. Triangulation can involve the use of both qualitative and quantitative data or the use of multiple methods to develop one type of data. Research limitations/implications However, these methods were used to study the impact of academic libraries, whose results do not determine the financial value. Practical implications The paper shows the methods of research on the quality of the functioning of academic libraries with a special emphasis on the study of their impact on users and the social environment. Social implications The paper shows the methodology of determining the social role of academic libraries. Originality/value The paper intends to add to the body of knowledge about the research methodology for the impact of academic libraries.

scholarly journals Adaptable design in Olympic construction

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 397-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Alexandra Brown ◽  
Manuel Cresciani
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Sporting Events ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Architectural Practice ◽  
London 2012 ◽  
Mega Event ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The Olympic Games is the largest sporting mega event of its type, with deep cultural and historical roots. The event is short lived compared to the lifespan of the infrastructure required in host cities. The purpose of this paper is to examine models of adaptability in Olympic construction, using case studies in previous Olympic host cities of the Summer Olympic Games (Rome 1960, London 2012), to assess the impact of adaptability on future legacy. Design/methodology/approach A mixed methods approach (archival research, direct observation), was used in two case studies: Rome (Palazzetto dello Sport, Palazzo dello Sport), and London (London Olympic Velodrome, London Aquatics Centre). The case studies examined how adaptability was used in design to secure legacy. Findings In the selected case studies (Rome 1960, London 2012), adaptability has had a positive impact on the post-Games use of venues, all four of which remain in use today. However, there are multiple factors that contribute to post-Games legacy, and further research is necessary. Research limitations/implications Whilst some positive results were observed in this study, more research is necessary across a broader spectrum of sites and venues to make conclusive recommendations for architects designing for Mega Sporting events. Social implications The significance of this study to architectural practice, academia, and society is its potential to benefit future Olympic Games, International Olympic Committee policy, and be extended to other Mega Sporting events. Originality/value The originality of this research lies within its analysis of Olympic infrastructures and sustainability, of which there is a current lack of comparative studies in academic research.

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