scholarly journals A phenomenological inquiry into the lived experience of adults diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) employed by the NHS

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kayte Jayne Rowe ◽  
Sarah Bailey ◽  
Bonnie Teague ◽  
Kevin Mattless ◽  
Caitlin Notley
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Lived Experience ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Professional Relationships ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder

Purpose Approximately 3.5% of the workforce is diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). With a greater risk of work-related stress and absences, work-based social interactions and environments are significant factors. The purpose of this study was to identify the professional challenges and benefits of living with ADHD in healthcare settings. Design/methodology/approach Interpretative phenomenological analysis was used to explore how employees with ADHD both experience and make sense of their employment and professional relationships. Participants self-identified from two NHS trusts and participated in semi-structured interviews. Findings A total of seven interviews contributed to the final analysis. A total of four themes emerged: social environment (relationships), physical environment, behaviour and work tasks. Complex interactions were observed between individuals’ internal constructs and overall employment experience. Practical implications The findings can be used to inform local NHS management frameworks for supporting workforce with ADHD. Originality/value This is a novel study that explores the psychodynamic and physical presentations of ADHD providing a unique perspective on the challenges and strengths of employees with ADHD.

Differentiating 'attachment difficulties' from autism spectrum disorders and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Qualitative interviews with experienced health care professionals

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry Coughlan ◽  
Marinus H. van IJzendoorn ◽  
Matt Woolgar ◽  
Emma Weisblatt ◽  
Robbie Duschinsky
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Attachment Difficulties ◽  
Foundation Trusts

Objectives: Attachment difficulties is an umbrella term often used to describe various forms of non-secure attachment. Differentiating ‘attachment difficulties’ from autism spectrum disorder (hereafter autism) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (hereafter ADHD) has been characterised as challenging. Few studies have explored how this happens in practice, from the perspective of the professionals. Design: Qualitative study. Method: We conducted in-depth semi-structured interviews with (n=17) healthcare professionals from five NHS Foundation Trusts in the United Kingdom. Participants were recruited using a combination of snowballing, convenience and purposive sampling. Data were analysed using a thematic approach. Results: We identified six interrelated themes that might reflect difficulties with differential conceptualisation. These include: a clinical lexicon of attachment; approaching attachment with caution; contextual factors; perceived characteristic behaviours; assessing attachment and adjacent supports; spotlighting intervention and dual conceptualisation. Conclusion: Our results indicate some of the ways suspicions around attachment are raised in practice. We advocate for more dialogue between research and practice communities on issues of differential conceptualisation. We call for collaboration between a panel of experts consisting of attachment and neurodevelopmental orientated practitioners and researchers, to clarify issues around differentiating between attachment difficulties, ASD and ADHD.

scholarly journals Understanding the lived experience of British non-offending paedophiles

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-81
Author(s):  
Harriet Dymond ◽  
Simon Duff
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Lived Experience ◽  
Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis ◽  
Sexual Attraction ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Management Techniques ◽  
The Uk

Purpose Research into paedophilia mainly uses offender samples; thus, little is understood about non-offending paedophiles. The limited body of research has been conducted in North America or Europe whose health and legal systems differ from those in the UK. Using semi-structured interviews, the purpose of this study is to explore the experience of three non-offending British paedophilic males. Design/methodology/approach The interview discussed their paedophilia, refraining from offending and perspectives on treatment initiatives. Data were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Findings Three superordinate themes emerged: “paedophilia as more than a sexuality,” “acceptance leads to management” and “barriers to support.” These encapsulated how paedophilia was understood, how accepting one’s sexual attraction is tantamount to well-being and the various obstacles to providing support were discussed. Research limitations/implications Acknowledging the sampling considerations (size and recruitment), the results implicate research into paedophilia. The onset of paedophilia was chronologically associated with typical sexual attraction, and not the result of sexual abuse as some theories suggest. Furthermore, the tenets of attraction to children extending beyond sexual desire were highlighted. Practically, the results influence future research into the area and highlight the dearth in our understanding of diverse behavioural management techniques (i.e. computerised images of children or human-like dolls). Originality/value This paper presents novel insight into the aspects of paedophilia, excluding offensive behaviour and highlights the need for affordable, UK-based services targeted towards people with a paedophilic attraction to manage child sexual abuse preventatively and not reactively.

Women bus drivers and organizational change

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Sanchez de Miguel ◽  
Izarne Lizaso ◽  
Maider Larranaga ◽  
Juan Jose Arrospide
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Change ◽  
Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Northern Spain ◽  
Bus Drivers ◽  
Traditional Role ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Bus Driver ◽  
Urban Bus

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to discuss the gender practices of a female urban bus driver who retired after 40 years (1967-2007) in an urban bus company in northern Spain. The main objective of this study was to explore and understand the move from irreflexive to reflexive practices from a gender perspective, and to uncover new key aspects relating to the influence of women in organizational changes. Design/methodology/approach – This qualitative exploratory study (interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA)) contains semi-structured interviews which explore, using a process of analytic induction, the personal- and work-related experiences of a woman who was a pioneer in the traditionally male-dominated field of urban bus services. In order to obtain a broader overview of the organization, and using the same method, four other female bus drivers from the same company were also interviewed, along with the personnel manager. Findings – Three different situations are presented. The first summarizes the woman’s personal motivations and hesitations during the 1960s regarding her decision to become a bus driver, occurring during her adolescence and pre-professional phase; the second illustrates the organizational and social reactions triggered by the (visible) presence of a lone woman in a traditionally male professional environment (resistance); and finally, the third situation shows the empowerment and organizational change which occurred, focussing on the possible deconstruction of the masculine hegemony at the heart of the organization. Originality/value – The IPA points to a new level of visibility of this transgressed traditional role, which combined both individual and collective actions. Her experiences recount how she overcame individual, organizational and social barriers. The authors suggest a new interpretation of this visibility, enabling us to imagine gender practice as an intersection of people, organizational change and society.

Taught resilience programmes: a case study from the perspective of employees of a large pharmaceutical company based in the UK

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-129
Author(s):  
Frances Costello
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experience ◽  
Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Individual Resilience ◽  
Personal Resilience ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Impact

PurposeResearch was undertaken to understand whether taught resilience programmes which highlight the protective factors of resilience would impact individual resilience outcomes. The research focussed on specific resilience dimensions, change agility, physical, emotional and mental resilience, purpose in life and recovery; in an attempt to bridge the gap in understanding whether it is possible through taught programmes to improve resilience through the creation of new habits.Design/methodology/approachThe research was conducted using interpretative phenomenological analysis methods and used semi-structured interviews with 12 participants to understand participants lived experience of a one-day personal resilience programme, conducted within a private global manufacturing organisation.FindingsThe research found that all 12 participants interviewed 12–18 months post-programme made sustainable habits changes increasing personal resilience levels. Participants built new habits into their everyday lives, in the physical dimension exercising more regularly, taking breaks, changes in nutrition and creating better sleep patterns. Through increased understanding of emotional intelligence participants were able to react more favourably to adverse situations and through mental increased resilience focus achieve work and home priorities. In understanding the change journey participants found that they were able to move more quickly through the change cycle. Almost all participants found understanding their life purpose difficult and were not able to give a conclusive answer to what this might be, they found that attending the programme helped reflection in this dimension.Originality/valueThe paper includes an overview of previous resilience research but differs in its examination of the impact of a specific taught resilience programme in a large private sector organisation using IPA methodology.

Finding True Friendships: The Friendship Experiences of Adolescents With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 280-298
Author(s):  
Cynthia Maya Beristain ◽  
Judith Wiener
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Peer Relations ◽  
Mental Health Professionals ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Transition To High School ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
The Core ◽  
Close Friendships ◽  
Theory Framework

The friendship experiences of adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) were explored in this qualitative study. Nine 16- to 18-year old adolescents with ADHD participated in semi-structured interviews that were analyzed using a modified grounded theory framework. They reported chronic peer rejection, loneliness, and conflictual relationships with friends in childhood and early adolescence (theme 1). Although many participants reported becoming resigned to being friendless in adolescence (theme 2), the transition to high school where they could find peers who were similar to them helped them develop close friendships (theme 3). The core theme, Finding True Friendships: The Long Journey from Isolation to Acceptance, integrates the findings and illustrates the developmental and contextual factors influencing the friendship experiences of adolescents with ADHD. The participants provided specific suggestions about how parents, teachers, peers, and mental health professionals might support children and adolescents with ADHD who struggle with peer relations and friendships that formed the basis of the discussion of the clinical implications of the findings.

Parenting a Child with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Qualitative Study from a Developing Nation, India

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. s303-s303
Author(s):  
R. Shah ◽  
A. Sharma ◽  
S. Grover ◽  
N. Chauhan ◽  
S. Jhanda
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Parental Stress ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Extended Family ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
High Degree

IntroductionLike elsewhere, studies from developing countries suggest that parents of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) report significant stress. Besides symptoms, parental stress stems from experiences in interpersonal, schooling and societal domains, which may in turn be influenced by socio-cultural factors. This is a highly under-studied area.Objectives and aimsExploring experiences in familial, schooling and societal areas amongst Indian parents and understanding these in a cultural context using experiential qualitative research methodology.MethodsIn-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with consenting parents of 27 children diagnosed with ADHD (17 mothers; 10 fathers).ResultsAll parents reported experiencing moderate to high degree of stress, feeling worried and frustrated due to child's problems. 19 parents reported being “short-tempered”, while 1 mother expressed feeling “lost”. Majority reported strained relations with spouse and extended family. Mothers reported higher stress, more difficulties in family life, faced criticism from immediate family and community regarding handling of child, felt more embarrassment, guilt and sense of failure as a mother. Half of the parents avoided attending social gatherings. Other than 2 parents, all had negative experiences with schooling. Experiential descriptions included those of teachers being highly critical of child and parents, punitive, dismissive and discriminatory. Teacher had advised seeking treatment in only 6 children. Themes of blame, discrimination and rejection were identified.ConclusionsWe conclude that cultural factors such as stigma, blaming of parent (especially mother) and lack of knowledge regarding ADHD amongst teachers and society may be responsible for these experiences and needs further investigation.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Having a diagnosis of borderline personality disorder in a forensic setting: a qualitative exploration

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 228-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy Jade Lovell ◽  
Gillian Hardy
Keyword(s):  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Lived Experience ◽  
Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Power Dynamics ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Forensic Setting

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the lived experience of having a diagnosis of Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) in a forensic setting. Design/methodology/approach – Semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight women with a diagnosis of BPD in private secure units. The interview data were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). Findings – Four main themes emerged: identity, power, protection and containment, and confusion. The themes of identity, power and protection and containment represented polarised positions which in turn contributed to the theme of confusion. Research limitations/implications – There are limitations to this study mainly the heterogeneous nature of the sample. However, good quality control and the similarities with previous findings indicate that this study makes a valuable contribution to the understanding of BPD in a forensic setting. In addition it has implications for further research; exploring sense of self and the differences between a sample from a community and a sample from a forensic setting with a diagnosis of BPD. Practical implications – For practitioners to acknowledge power dynamics and to be able to formulate and address these with patients with a diagnosis of BPD. Originality/value – This is the first IPA study to ask women with a diagnosis of BPD in a forensic setting what their experience is. It is a qualitative study due to the need to genuinely explore the topic and to provide a basis for others to conduct further research.

scholarly journals Experiencing success: an occupational therapy partnership programme. Gymnastics for children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Ambrose
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Group Intervention ◽  
Sense Of Belonging ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Motor Coordination ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Partnership Approach

Purpose This paper aims to outline and evaluate a pilot partnership programme – an Occupational Therapy–led gymnastics group intervention for children aged eight to twelve with a diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Design/methodology/approach The overall aim of this programme was to increase participation in a valued leisure occupation. Based on the needs of the children, a physical-activity-based intervention was chosen that was challenging, novel and motivating. The intervention was then developed to target executive functioning and processing skills; enhance motor coordination skills; develop social skills; and primarily provide a positive experience. Seventeen children attended 75-minute sessions weekly for eight weeks. The programme was evaluated using non-standardised qualitative measures – parent, child and coach evaluation questionnaires were developed by the occupational therapist for this purpose. Findings Children engaged well in the programme with results showing increased participation and enjoyment of a new leisure occupation; improvement in social interaction levels and a sense of belonging; and development of motor and process skills. The results demonstrate the benefit of a partnership approach and suggest sustainability of the programme as well as the gains made. Originality/value The results of this evaluation suggest that the programme met its aims and supports further research into the efficacy of this type of partnership approach and intervention in supporting children with ADHD attending Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services.

scholarly journals Prisoners with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: co-morbidities and service pathways

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eddie Chaplin ◽  
Amina Rawat ◽  
Bhathika Perera ◽  
Jane McCarthy ◽  
Ken Courtenay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Prison Population ◽  
National Level ◽  
Autistic Traits ◽  
Treatment Pathways ◽  
Treatment Pathway ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
The Impact

Purpose This paper aims to examine effective diagnostic and treatment pathways for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in prison settings given the high prevalence of ADHD and comorbidities in the prison population. Design/methodology/approach Two studies were carried out in two separate prisons in London. Firstly, data were collected to understand the prevalence of ADHD and the comorbidities. The second study used quality improvement (QI) methodology to assess the impact of a diagnostic and treatment pathway for prisoners with ADHD. Findings Of the prisoners, 22.5% met the diagnostic criteria for ADHD. Nearly half of them were screened positive for autistic traits, with a higher prevalence of mental disorders among prisoners with ADHD compared to those without. The QI project led to a significant increase in the number of prisoners identified as requiring ADHD assessment but a modest increase in the number of prisoners diagnosed or treated for ADHD. Originality/value Despite various challenges, an ADHD diagnostic and treatment pathway was set up in a prison using adapted QI methodology. Further research is needed to explore the feasibility of routine screening for ADHD in prison and examine at a national level the effectiveness of current ADHD prison pathways.

The powerless or the empowered? Stakeholders’ experiences of diagnosis and treatment for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in Ireland

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-212
Author(s):  
K. Carr-Fanning ◽  
C. Mc Guckin
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Ecological Model ◽  
Stress And Coping ◽  
Visual Methods ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Delays In Diagnosis ◽  
And Coping

IntroductionIn Ireland, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most commonly diagnosed condition in Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS). However, little is known about the experiences of stakeholders affected by ADHD in their pathways through care, especially in Ireland.ObjectivesThe aim of this stakeholder voice study was to explore stress and coping among parents and Children and Young People (C/YP) affected by ADHD in an Irish context, in order to contribute to knowledge about what works and what needs to change in practice from a service user perspective.MethodsIn total, 15 C/YP (7–18 years) with ADHD and their parents participated in semi-structured interviews, which were triangulated using other sources (e.g. visual methods), to contribute to a highly contextualised understanding of lived experiences. Transcribed interviews were analysed using a deductive approach to Thematic Analysis informed by a theoretical framework of stress and coping theory and Bronfenbrenner’s bio-ecological model.ResultsSome degree of difficulty in their pathway through care was identified by participants in all case studies. Findings identified barriers to diagnosis, including delays in diagnosis, such as scepticism, stigma, and label avoidance from gatekeepers; poor multiagency working; and misdiagnosis. Once received, diagnosis may serve as an access to empowerment, providing knowledge, understanding, and support. However, C/YP and their parents also reported distressing experiences and a sense of powerlessness within CAMHS and with treatment; such as tensions around medical management, stigma, and a lack of child- and family-centred practice.ConclusionsDespite the professionals and the systematic supports available, stakeholders did not feel that they were fully understood, listened to, or participants in accessing diagnosis and care planning.

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