Traffic conditions and their impact on the functional state of the bus driver

Problem. The study of the human factor in transport systems is increasingly important, given the rapid level of motorization and the development of the transport industry in general. Accordingly, there is a task of ensuring the appropriate traffic safety level. Today, in this area, are usually taken into account the road conditions and the road`s design parameters, but often miss the role of the "human factor". At the same time, with the development of methodologies and technical items, these issues are partly researched and solved. Thus, during considering issues related to traffic safety, it is necessary to pay attention to the drivers` functional state (FS) and psychophysiological qualities, their reliability, factors of negative impact on their body, etc. Goal. The research aims to establish how the bus driver`s FS changes under the influence of various traffic conditions` factors. Methodology. The approaches adopted in the paper, which are necessary to solve the goal, are based on theoretical and practical principles for determining the indicators of a human`s FS during professional activity, their regulatory values, allowable ranges of change, etc. Results. The obtained mathematical and graphical dependences take into account the change of transport process operator`s FS under the influence of such factors as the bus`s speed, the altitude of the highway and the duration of the driver work. The stress index (SI) is selected as the driver`s status indicator. It is established that its values range from 87 to 342 c.u. It was studied that the increase in speed leads to an increase in the driver's SI by about 35%. During the statistical data analysis, it was also found that the highest values of SI were observed on sections of roads at an altitude of 250 - 320 m and 420 - 500 m. At the same time, during the increase of the driver's work duration, the value of the SI increased by about 25% and could approach the value of 250 c.u. In accordance with the above, it can be argued that there is an influence of the driver`s driving conditions and work on his FS. Originality. The obtained regularities reflect the impact of drivers' working conditions on the value of their FS, which affects the probability of their accident-free operation and, as a result, traffic safety. Practical value. The obtained results allow the creation of recommendations for developing schedules of drivers` work and rest taking into account the traffic conditions on the route and the conditions of driver's work.

«EVERYDAY LIFE» IN THE WORKS BY W. C. WILLIAMS AND J. JARMUSCH: FROM POETRY TO POETICS. INTERMEDIALITY

The article examines William Carlos Williams’ works that focus on the everyday, mundanity, and poetize daily life which was common in modernist literature. In our time, Williams’ poetry inspired director Jim Jarmusch to make a poetic film «Paterson» about everyday life and the poetic potential of ordinary routine life. The director reinterprets Williams’ ideas and makes a complex, postmodern film about everyday life in the small town Paterson, where he depicts the routine life of his main character, a bus driver. This life, despite its external simplicity and triviality, encourages the hero named Paterson to read modernist literature and write his own poems whose themes and images are intertwined with the work of the well-known Paterson resident, William Carlos Williams himself. In particular, we examine the intermedial interaction of Williams’ works («Paterson» and «This Is Just To Say») with the film and the indirect transition of one sign system into another. In addition to the more or less direct and explicit influence of literature on film through allusions or quotations from the work of the American modernist poet, Williams’ poetry becomes a precedent for the stylized poems of the film’s main character, written by a contemporary American poet Ron Padgett («Another One», «The Run», «Love Poem») and Jarmusch himself («Water Falls»). In this article, we also compare Padgett’s and Jarmusch’s poetry with some of Williams’ poems («Blizzard», «To A Poor Old Woman»), to demonstrate the similarity of motifs and imagery. Thedirector’s work can be interpreted as a manifestation of the idea of looking for poetry in the everyday, or that everyday life is already poetry. Jarmusch’s film about everyday life provides a possible answer to the question of literary anthropology «why is literature as a medium important in people’s lives» – creativity is the very meaning of life. This penetration of one art form (poetry) into another (cinema) gives grounds for speaking about the relevance of the themes of modernist poetry in the context of modernity and about the meaning and value of simplicity for creativity in general.

How do contract types and incentives influence driver behavior?−An analysis of the Kigali bus network

The rapidly growing city of Kigali has a bus network that is undergoing increased development as underlined in its Transport Master Plan. Two schemes of bus driver remuneration coexist in the city: One constitutes a hybrid salary and commission system, while the other pays a fixed monthly salary. This paper examines the effect of these differing compensation schemes on driver behavior in Kigali using survey data from 2019. The analysis applies linear models incorporating various aspects of driver behavior in a principal-agent framework. The results indicate that the performance-based compensation scheme is associated with higher per-trip passenger fluctuation and faster driving (possibly due to drivers aiming to accrue a higher income) compared to the fixed-wage system. Policy implications comprise the inclusion of further criteria in incentive contracts to internalize potential negative externalities on society, e.g., to hinder the endangerment of passenger safety by appropriately incentivizing drivers. In conclusion, bus drivers who are compensated by performance are more likely to alter their behavior, responding to the incentive scheme through several channels.

Danfo

This chapter explores the iconic symbol of Lagos as a space that inspires sound, a space to record, and a space in which to install sound within the context of my sound art practice. Such an exploration is inextricably tied to the external and internal dynamics of the operation of the Danfo bus and the key components that congregate to generate and dissipate the sounds of this mobile theatre. These include the bus stations, the bus driver, the bus conductor, the passengers, and the itinerant hawkers. The chapter will be discuss these characters and space in relation to my practice and recordings, with a particular interest in how these characters interact, utilize, generate, and transform sounds within and outside the Danfo, and how this ensemble has inspired me to transmit, overlay, mix, and combine the Danfo sounds and visuals in my art practice.

Analysis Factor of Noise, Bus Conditions and Unsafe Actions on Accident Incidents at Mangkang Terminal and Pengaron Terminal, Semarang-Indonesia

Objective and Background: A traffic accident is an unexpected incident on the highway involving a vehicle with or without other road users that results in casualties or property loss. the bus station is a place to regulate the arrival and departure of inter-city and inter-provincial routes. The purpose of this study was to analyze the additional workload, vehicle conditions, and unsafe actions in the event of an accident. Methods: This type of research used a quantitative approach with a cross sectional study design. The population in this study were inter-city inter-provincial (AKDP) and inter-city within the province (AKDP) bus drivers with a study sample of 64 respondents in Mangkang and Penggaron bus station. The sampling technique uses accidental sampling. The research instrument was a questionnaire and it was processed using the Spearman rank test. Results: The results showed that there was no relationship between psychological conditions (p=0.695), ergonomics (p=0.994) with the incidence of bus driver accidents. However, there is a relationship between noise levels (p=0.43), vehicle conditions (p=0.002), unsafe actions (p=0.025) and the incidence of bus driver accidents. Conclusion: Buses that enter Mangkang and Penggaron bus station, are required to follow the occupational safety and health (K3) regulations stipulated by local transportation regulations. Especially for economy class bus drivers, they must continue to carry passengers according to the capacity of their bus, so they can avoid dangerous incidents.

Sistem Informasi Penjadwalan Supir Bus Po Logos Berbasis Website

The problem with the PO Logos company is that the schedule for the driver or bus driver is still done manually which results in the old operator determining the bus driver who will depart. And the distribution of the driver's departure schedule is not evenly distributed so that the bus driver who has just departed is scheduled to leave again the next day which causes the driver to contact the operator to report this in order to get a replacement driver, because the rules for drivers at PO Logos company are once every three days. From these problems raised the idea to create a driver scheduling information system for PO Logos. This was built using the Waterfall methodology which consists of 5 stages, namely Requirement Analysis and Definition of the old system analysis and the new system of scheduling using genetic algorithms which are described by flowcharts, System and Software Design using Unifed Modeling Language (UML), Implementation and Unit Testing using programming languages PHP and MySQL, Integration and System Testing Testing is done by black-box testing. The results of making a bus driver scheduling information system in making a driver schedule using a genetic algorithm through stages, namely the formation of the initial population, evaluating the fitness value, finding the two best fitness values ??using tournament selection, crossover using one-point crossover, mutation and fitness evaluation again for looking for the best value.