BITs represent foreign trade policy shift for Brazil

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Trade Policy ◽  
Foreign Investment ◽  
Sovereign Debt ◽  
Foreign Trade Policy ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Investment Protection ◽  
Domestic Legislation ◽  
Major Shift ◽  
International Instruments

Subject Brazil's shifting foreign trade policy. Significance Although Brazil signed a dozen Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs) in the 1990s, they never came into effect. Since then, Brazil has steadfastly opposed participation in the network of BITs currently in force, addressing foreign investment protection through domestic legislation and international instruments such as double taxation treaties. However, in April, Brazil concluded investment agreements with Mozambique and Angola and is negotiating others. This is a major shift in foreign investment policy and also sets the stage for a new form of BIT that may be attractive to other emerging countries. Impacts How these vaguely worded BITs will work out in practice is still to be determined. Coverage of intellectual property rights and sovereign debt as protected investments is uncertain. Private sector and civil society involvement is a novel feature that could be included in future BITs.

TRANSFORMATION OF FOREIGN TRADE POLICY AMID THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

2021 ◽  
pp. 74-82
Author(s):  
Vladimir M. Kutovoi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Trade Policy ◽  
National Security ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Foreign Investment ◽  
International Investment ◽  
Investment Climate ◽  
Foreign Trade Policy ◽  
Investment Policies

The ongoing coronavirus pandemic has seriously affected the international investment policies of the G20 countries. There has been a growing trend to introduce measures with reference to the protection of national security aiming at countering threats that may be associated with foreign investment. Given the role of international investment in alleviating the economic crisis, governments should continue to improve the investment climate while protecting their national security interests.

China’s foreign trade policy with OPEC member countries

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ehsan Rasoulinezhad
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Trade Policy ◽  
Gravity Model ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Foreign Trade Policy ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Opec Member

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze specifications of the China’s foreign trade policy with Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) member countries. Design/methodology/approach The paper conducts three panel data estimations (fixed effect [FE], random effect [RE] and fully modified ordinary least squares [FMOLS]) based on the gravity model approach for bilateral trade patterns in natural resource and non-natural resource commodities between China and 13 OPEC members over the period of 1998-2014. Findings The findings reveal that the gravity equation fits the data reasonably well. The existence of long-term relationships between the bilateral trade flows and the main components of gravity model – GDP, income (GDP per capita), the difference in income, exchange rate, the openness level, distance and WTO membership – through the FE, RE and the FMOLS approaches was confirmed. The estimation results show that the trade pattern between China and OPEC member countries relies on the Heckscher–Ohlin theory, thus being explained by difference in factor endowments such as energy resources and technology. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first attempt to examine the China’s foreign trade policy with the OPEC member countries through a gravity trade approach.

Free Trade versus Protection : Static and Dynamic Aspects

1985 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-50
Author(s):  
Gunnar Flфystad
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Trade Policy ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Optimal Taxation ◽  
Foreign Trade Policy ◽  
Taxation Policy

This paper analyses whether the developing countries are pursuing an optimal foreign trade policy, given the theoretical and empirical evidence we have. The paper concludes that constraints in imposing other taxes than tariffs in many developing countries may justify having tariffs as part of an optimal taxation policy.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document