Latin America risks another lost decade

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Political Leadership ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Global Recession ◽  
Regional Collaboration ◽  
Boom And Bust ◽  
History Of ◽  
Lost Decade ◽  
Boom And Bust Cycles

Significance The health crisis, national lockdowns and a global recession have combined to create a difficult environment in Latin America, while governments’ responses to the pandemic have been uneven. The region is once again repeating its history of boom-and-bust cycles and risks experiencing a lost decade similar to the 1980s. Impacts Income polarisation will increase, with a simultaneous rise in poverty and concentration of wealth at the top. Regional collaboration is unlikely due to lack of political leadership and ideological differences. While a Biden presidency might take a more cooperative line, Latin America will receive little US attention whatever the election outcome.

scholarly journals Pediatric and geriatric immunity network mobile computational model for COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 321-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Banu Priya ◽  
P. Rajendran ◽  
Sandeep Kumar M. ◽  
Prabhu J. ◽  
Sukumar Rajendran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computational Model ◽  
Recovery Rate ◽  
Strategic Decision ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Hospital Administrators ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Machine Leaning ◽  
History Of ◽  
Geographical Maps

Purpose The computational model proposed in this work uses the data's of COVID-19 cases in India. From the analysis, it can be observed that the proposed immunity model decides the recovery rate of COVID −19 patients; moreover, the recovery rate does not depend on the age of the patients. These analytic models can be used by public health professionals, hospital administrators and epidemiologists for strategic decision-making to enhance health requirements based on various demographic and social factors of those affected by the pandemic. Mobile-based computational model can be used to compute the travel history of the affected people by accessing the near geographical maps of the path traveled. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, the authors developed a pediatric and geriatric person’s immunity network-based mobile computational model for COVID-19 patients. As the computational model is hard to analyze mathematically, the authors simplified the computational model as general COVID-19 infected people, the computational immunity model. The model proposed in this work used the data's of COVID-19 cases in India. Findings This study proposes a pediatric and geriatric people immunity network model for COVID- 19 patients. For the analysis part, the data's on COVID-19 cases in India was used. In this model, the authors have taken two sets of people (pediatric and geriatric), both are facing common symptoms such as fever, cough and myalgia. From the analysis, it was observed and also proved that the immunity level of patients decides the recovery rate of COVID-19 patients and the age of COVID-19 patients has no significant influence on the recovery rate of the patient. Originality/value COVID-19 has created a global health crisis that has had a deep impact on the way we perceive our world and our everyday lives. Not only the rate of contagion and patterns of transmission threatens our sense of agency, but the safety measures put in place to contain the spread of the virus also require social distancing. The novel model in this work focus on the Indian scenario and thereby may help Indian health organizations for future planning and organization. The factors model in this work such as age, immunity level, recovery rate can be used by machine leaning models for predicting other useful outcomes.

Ecology: A Very Short Introduction

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaboury Ghazoul
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Significance ◽  
Short Introduction ◽  
Environmental Challenges ◽  
Environmental Decisions ◽  
Everyday Lives ◽  
History Of Ecology ◽  
Boom And Bust ◽  
History Of ◽  
Boom And Bust Cycles ◽  
Ecological Thinking

Ecology is the science of how organisms interact with each other and their environment to form communities and ecosystems. Ecology: A Very Short Introduction explains the history of ecology, the principles of ecological thinking, how ecology affects our everyday lives, and how it guides environmental decisions, especially in the light of current and future environmental challenges. What are the factors behind ‘boom and bust’ cycles in species populations? How and why do two species cooperate? Do humans need so many species? The cultural significance of ecology is also explored, with examples of different schools of thought that envisage ecology as a science and a worldview.

Latin and global populism will adopt a range of forms

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Political Inequality ◽  
Weak Institutions ◽  
Economic Elite ◽  
History Of ◽  
Persistent Inequality

Subject Latin American populism. Significance Latin America has a long history of populist leaders, who aimed to build direct links with the electorate. Primarily a response to economic and political inequality, it traditionally calls for income redistribution and weakening the economic elite. It has often but not always contributed to economic crisis over the medium term. Latin American populism has also had a contradictory impact on democracy, expanding the rights of some groups but also weakening key institutions. Impacts Persistent inequality may drive a new shift towards populism in Latin America. Right-wing populist models elsewhere will prove more exclusionary. Populism and weak institutions are likely to remain mutually reinforcing.

Paleoeskimo Occupation History of Foxe Basin, Arctic Canada: Implications for the Core Area Model and Dorset Origins

2014 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
James M. Savelle ◽  
Arthur S. Dyke
Keyword(s):  
Core Area ◽  
Arctic Canada ◽  
Critical Question ◽  
Foxe Basin ◽  
The Core ◽  
Parent Culture ◽  
Boom And Bust ◽  
History Of ◽  
Demographic Patterns ◽  
Boom And Bust Cycles

AbstractThis paper presents the first detailed record of Paleoeskimo occupation history of Foxe Basin, Nunavut, Arctic Canada, the traditional Paleoeskimo “core area.” Rather than continuous, stable occupations from approximately 4000–1000 B.P. traditionally assumed for the core area, the region has undergone a series of demographic oscillations, including several instances of abandonment of key areas, most notably Igloolik. The Foxe Basin demographic trends are reminiscent of Paleoeskimo “boom and bust” cycles recognized elsewhere, but show no consistent chronological pattern either within Foxe Basin or inter-regionally. Equally important, our results bear on the critical question of the Pre-Dorset to Dorset transition. Rather than having been a gradual in situ process centered within the core area, the demographic patterns, including the abrupt and widespread appearance of semi-subterranean dwellings during earliest Dorset, are consistent with newly arrived populations from outside of Foxe Basin. While there is no obvious “parent” culture to Dorset within the Eastern Arctic, it is suggested that a Western Arctic origin, specifically Norton Culture, invoking to some extent Jorgen Meldgaard’s “smell of the forest”, may have played a significant role.

PR, clientelism and economics: a comparison of southern Europe and Latin America

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
César García
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Public Relations ◽  
Organizational Behavior ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Public ◽  
Empirical Survey ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
History Of

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between clientelist relationships and economics in public relations practice in European Mediterranean countries and Latin America. It considers the cases of Greece, Italy, Portugal, Spain, Brazil, Chile, and Mexico. Design/methodology/approach – This paper uses a critical-conceptual method through a re-conceptualization of themes from secondary qualitative analyses of existing qualitative data sets and reviews of published qualitative papers. Findings – The public relations practice in these two regions is similar. The characteristics of the public relations landscape in these countries must be understood in relation to a broader history of clientelism and economics emphasizing government relationships at the expense of other publics, as well as the lack of scale economies. Persuasive models are prevalent, although a number of forces – including integration in supranational organizations, democratization, and globalization – have strengthened the use of symmetrical models. Research limitations/implications – This is not an empirical survey, there is a need of quantitative studies among practitioners and government officials that can measure empirically the nature of their relationships in a number of countries. This essay opens a door for future studies and cross-cultural comparisons about the role that clientelism plays in the PR practice of cultures and countries. Practical implications – The paper offers useful background information, such as the primacy that media relations still have in the public relations practice, for foreign public relations executives, agency heads, and managers of public relations who are directly involved with or managing international public relations campaigns in these countries. Social implications – Clientelism is a cultural concept that translates to the work of organizations and consequently public relations as a form of organizational behavior. Originality/value – This paper brings to the table the importance of the concept of clientelism in the PR practice as well as the existence of a similar PR culture between countries that are on different continents.

The Resource Curse in Latin America

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elissaios Papyrakis ◽  
Lorenzo Pellegrini
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Resource Curse ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Environmental Externalities ◽  
Developmental Problems ◽  
Boom And Bust ◽  
Boom And Bust Cycles ◽  
Latin American Countries

The resource curse hypothesis suggests that countries that are rich in natural resources are more likely to experience poor economic growth and other developmental problems. Latin American countries show a mixed picture, confirming the idea that the resource curse is not a deterministic phenomenon and that dependence on, rather than abundance of, natural resources is associated with developmental failures. When looking beyond the nation state, local communities may benefit from royalties accruing to regional governments, often, though, at the expense of other socioeconomic liabilities (as in the case of negative environmental externalities). The case of Ecuador is in many ways exemplary of the resource curse in Latin America and the failure of policies to overcome the curse. While the country was always a commodity exporter, the intensification of extractive activities and the expansion of the extractive frontier (over the last five decades) intensified the severity of boom-and-bust cycles and compromised socio-environmental values in the vicinity of extractive activity.

Guatemala’s economy looks set to bounce back next year

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Tax Reform ◽  
Aggregate Demand ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Energy Prices ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Bounce Back

Significance The economic damage caused by the COVID-19 pandemic will be less severe than in other parts of Latin America. It is nevertheless weighing on activity, with structural weaknesses and a heavy dependence on remittances compounding the country’s vulnerability to the crisis. Impacts US deportations of undocumented Guatemalan migrants will increase as the health crisis recedes. Inflation will remain around the Central Bank’s 4% target amid lower aggregate demand pressure and low energy prices. Political gridlock between the executive and legislative branches of government will re-emerge, hindering the approval of tax reform.

What monetary discretion can and cannot do under boom and bust cycles? Evidence from an emerging economy

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 1224-1240
Author(s):  
Zafar Hayat ◽  
Jameel Ahmed ◽  
Faruk Balli
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Direct And Indirect Effects ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Inflation Bias ◽  
Boom And Bust ◽  
Policy Objectives ◽  
Boom And Bust Cycles ◽  
Dual Objectives

Purpose The conventional and new inflation bias theories present two distinct facets to explain the outcome of excess inflation without output gains by a discretionary central banker. First is the temptation to achieve a higher than potential output, and, second is not to let it falter. The authors explicitly account for these two distinct dimensions in empirical formulations both exogenously and endogenously. Specifically, the purpose of this paper is to investigate what monetary discretion can and cannot do in terms of dual objectives – inflation and growth – across boom and bust cycles, both directly and indirectly. Design/methodology/approach (i) Segregate the economic activity into boom and bust cycles; (ii) Explicitly account for the two dimensions of conventional and new inflation bias theories; and (iii) model and estimate the direct and indirect effects of monetary discretion across business cycles. Findings The results indicate considerable asymmetries in the effects of monetary discretion and distribution thereof across objectives and cycles. The direct impact of monetary discretion tends to induce significantly higher inflation in boom and bust cycles, while it exerts a positive but insignificant effect on output. The inflation effects are more pronounced in boom than bust cycles and vice versa are the output effects. The indirect effects on output via inflation are significantly pernicious, which are more pronounced in expansions than recessions. Originality/value In a nutshell, instead of benefiting, monetary discretion tends to harm in terms of both the dual policy objectives, which cautions about its well calculated and constrained use only.

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