China's data export rules create new risks

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Data Protection ◽  
Data Security ◽  
Multinational Firms ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
Class Action ◽  
Information Protection ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Collective Rights ◽  
The Government

Significance This is the latest step in China's rapidly expanding data protection regime, building on the Data Security Law which took effect in September and the Personal Information Protection Law, which took effect in November. Impacts The rules will affect not just digital firms but all multinational firms that collect data from subsidiaries in China. It may sometimes be preferable to localise data analysis and circulate reports based on data rather than the raw data itself. The government will partially outsource enforcement to collective rights organisations to file class action lawsuits. Compliance costs will rise significantly, which may cause some companies to consider leaving China.

Data Security Law will have impact beyond China

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Data Protection ◽  
Data Security ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
Multinational Companies ◽  
Information Protection ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Data Flows ◽  
Compliance Requirements ◽  
Comprehensive Framework

Significance It creates a comprehensive framework for protection of all data with implications for national security. Alongside a forthcoming Personal Information Protection Law, it will have a significant impact on data protection compliance requirements for businesses, as well as on data flows between China and the outside world. Impacts Particular kinds of data might be categorised differently by different localities, creating compliance confusion. Multinational companies must prepare for more demanding data localisation requirements. Demand for the auditing and inspection services the law requires will drive expansion of China's domestic cybersecurity industry.

scholarly journals Personal data security in PRC: vectors of improving legal regulation in the financial and banking sector

2021 ◽  
pp. 15-32
Author(s):  
Ella Gorian
Keyword(s):  
Data Protection ◽  
Data Security ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Civil Code ◽  
Information Protection ◽  
Bank Of China ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Personal Information Protection

The object of this research is the legal relations in the sphere of regulation of personal data security in the financial and banking sector of the People's Republic of China. The characteristics is given to the current legislation of China (Civil Code, Personal Information Protection Law, and Cybersecurity Law), existing or draft bylaws in the field of personal data security. Attention is given the second revision of the draft law on personal information protection, as well as determination of the institutional mechanism for ensuring personal data security. The article examines the peculiarities of regulation of relations in the sphere of ensuring personal data security in the financial and banking sector, as well as characterizes  the role of the financial regulator in this mechanism. The development of the mechanism for personal data protection is at completion stage; besides the adoption of the Civil Code of the People's Republic of China, which establishes the framework for regulation, two of the three special laws – Personal Information Protection Law and Cybersecurity Law – have already been adopted. The flagship law on Personal Information Protections is expected to be adopted by 2021. The aforementioned laws encompass all spheres of information security and ensure strong data protection regime: outline the scope of regulation, objects and subject composition, responsibility, and institutional control mechanism. The legal regime covers such aspects of relations as personal data of deceased persons, persons with reduced capabilities (due to age and health), as well as transnational data transfer. At this point, the financial and banking sector features a number of bylaws that set strict standards for ensuring personal information protection. The leading role in this mechanism is played by the financial regulator – the People's Bank of China. The standards adopted by the People’s Bank of China require further examination, which would allow formulating recommendations for the improvement of the Russian legal system.

Twitter users exhibited coping behaviours during the COVID-19 lockdown: an analysis of tweets using mixed methods

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruchi Mittal ◽  
Wasim Ahmed ◽  
Amit Mittal ◽  
Ishan Aggarwal
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Twitter Data ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The World ◽  
Twitter Users ◽  
The Government ◽  
Using Data

Purpose Using data from Twitter, the purpose of this paper is to assess the coping behaviour and reactions of social media users in response to the initial days of the COVID-19-related lockdown in different parts of the world. Design/methodology/approach This study follows the quasi-inductive approach which allows the development of pre-categories from other theories before the sampling and coding processes begin, for use in those processes. Data was extracted using relevant keywords from Twitter, and a sample was drawn from the Twitter data set to ensure the data is more manageable from a qualitative research standpoint and that meaningful interpretations can be drawn from the data analysis results. The data analysis is discussed in two parts: extraction and classification of data from Twitter using automated sentiment analysis; and qualitative data analysis of a smaller Twitter data sample. Findings This study found that during the lockdown the majority of users on Twitter shared positive opinions towards the lockdown. The results also found that people are keeping themselves engaged and entertained. Governments around the world have also gained support from Twitter users. This is despite the hardships being faced by citizens. The authors also found a number of users expressing negative sentiments. The results also found that several users on Twitter were fence-sitters and their opinions and emotions could swing either way depending on how the pandemic progresses and what action is taken by governments around the world. Research limitations/implications The authors add to the body of literature that has examined Twitter discussions around H1N1 using in-depth qualitative methods and conspiracy theories around COVID-19. In the long run, the government can help citizens develop routines that help the community adapt to a new dangerous environment – this has very effectively been shown in the context of wildfires in the context of disaster management. In the context of this research, the dominance of the positive themes within tweets is promising for policymakers and governments around the world. However, sentiments may wish to be monitored going forward as large-spikes in negative sentiment may highlight lockdown-fatigue. Social implications The psychology of humans during a pandemic can have a profound impact on how COVID-19 shapes up, and this shall also include how people behave with other people and with the larger environment. Lockdowns are the opposite of what societies strive to achieve, i.e. socializing. Originality/value This study is based on original Twitter data collected during the initial days of the COVID-19-induced lockdown. The topic of “lockdowns” and the “COVID-19” pandemic have not been studied together thus far. This study is highly topical.

Understanding foreign direct investment in Indonesia

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sasidaran Gopalan ◽  
Rabin Hattari ◽  
Ramkishen S. Rajan
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Fdi Inflows ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Greenfield Investments ◽  
The Government ◽  
Data Investigation ◽  
Existing Data

Purpose This paper aims to examine the dynamics of foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows into Indonesia. It is interested specifically in analysing and deliberating on two important policy questions: First, are all kinds of FDI useful from a policy perspective and what does the existing data on FDI reveal about the type of FDI inflows into Indonesia? Second, does the existing data help understand the extent of de facto bilateral linkages between Indonesia and other countries? Design/methodology/approach The paper offers an in-depth case study of Indonesia using extensive exploratory data analysis on FDI inflows into Indonesia. As discussed in the paper, the data investigation uses and reconciles available FDI data both from national and international sources to understand the usefulness of such data for policy analysis. Findings A data investigation of the trends in different types of FDI flows reveals a discernible downward trend in the ratio of mergers and acquisitions (M&A)–FDI ratio over the years. The paper argues that from a sequencing perspective, while a medium-to-long-term framework encouraging both domestic and foreign Greenfield investments could help Indonesia regain its growth luster, in the near term much more attention needs to be paid to FDI inflows in the form of M&As. Further, reconciling FDI and M&A data might help identify the original sources of FDI flows because existing data are based on flow of funds rather than ultimate ownership. Practical implications Since the Asian financial crisis, Indonesia has successfully embarked on a phase of economic and political transition post-Suharto, with the cornerstones of such a strategy being a process of greater democratisation and decentralisation. However, there have been growing concerns of economic growth stagnation in recent years. One of the policies to revive the economy’s lustre adopted by the government has been to attract greater FDI inflows. In this light, this paper examines the dynamics of FDI into Indonesia and deliberates on what kinds of FDI policymakers should focus on attracting to restore the country’s growth lustre. Originality/value The question of whether a policy to attract FDI should be careful in distinguishing the kind of FDI it wants to attract has not been sufficiently addressed in the related literature. This paper provides a framework to understand the different macroeconomic policy implications of types of FDI and provides extensive data analysis to not only understand the types of FDI but also sources of bilateral FDI inflows to Indonesia by reconciling FDI and M&A data.

scholarly journals Internet Industry Data Openness and Personal Information Protection Based on Privacy Laws

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yurong Gao ◽  
Yiping Guo ◽  
Awais Khan Jumani ◽  
Achyut Shankar
Keyword(s):  
Data Protection ◽  
Data Privacy ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Information Protection ◽  
Technical Standards ◽  
Consumption Ratio ◽  
Personal Information Protection

Abstract Data security needs a comprehensive system design approach that combines legal, administrative, and technical protection. These laws generally contain complete rules and principles relevant to the collecting, storing, and using personal information in line with international standards on privacy and data protection. Personal data should be legally collected for a specified reason and not be used without authorization for unlawful monitoring or profiling by governments or third parties. In advocacy and open data activity, increasing attention has been placed on privacy problems. To secure the protection of this data, the Privacy Law (PL) and the Regulations typically put forth industrial and technical standards on IT systems that hold and handle personal data. Concerns about information privacy are genuine, valid, and exacerbated on the Internet of Things (IoT) and Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS). This article suggests that compliance with IoT and CPS Data Privacy (DP) at technical and non-technical levels should be dealt with. The proposed architecture is then coupled with a reference framework for the business architecture to offer a DP-IoT model focused on the industry and technology and positioned to comply with the Personal Information Protection Act (POPI). Therefore, methods are necessary to protect data privacy based on both system and organizational reference designs. In the end, users should have specific rights to information about them, including the capacity and method to seek recourse to protect such rights, to acquire and amend incorrect details. The DP-IoT model shows a privacy ratio of 92.6%, scalability ratio of 91.5, data management ratio of 94.3%, data protection ratio of 96.7%, customer satisfaction rate of 92.2 %, attack prevention ratio of 95.5% and energy consumption ratio of 25.5 % compared to the existing methods.

Supreme Court view will shape data protection in India

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Supreme Court ◽  
Data Protection ◽  
Data Security ◽  
Search And Seizure ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Biometric Data ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Individual Privacy ◽  
Civil Laws ◽  
Shape Data

Subject Supreme Court's verdict on the fundamental right to privacy. Significance A hearing that began in India’s Supreme Court on July 19 concerns petitions challenging the obligatory use of Aadhaar -- a unique national identity number anchored in biometric data. Following recent data breaches affecting telecoms companies, the Court’s approach to the question of individual privacy will have an effect on efforts to enhance data security in India. Impacts A new and large market will emerge for data protection consultancy. Criminal and civil laws on search and seizure operations will require amending. There may be renewed challenges to legislation criminalising same-sex relations.

Reliance could end up with digital monopoly in India

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Data Protection ◽  
Inflection Point ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Raw Data ◽  
Content Type ◽  
User Data ◽  
The Government ◽  
Public Evidence

Significance Through the sale, Reliance mobilised INR1.52trn (USD20.3bn) and became a zero-net-debt company with cash to spare. This marks an inflection point in the conglomerate’s history and could transform India’s digital economy. Impacts There is little public evidence that Reliance can offer complete stand-alone 5G telecommunications. Reliance is well-placed to lead the Indian 5G market. Commercialisation of Indian customers' user data will continue to outpace rules governing their privacy and safety. The new data protection bill is designed to give the government extensive access to raw data on citizens for ‘national security’.

India’s data rules will favour state and local firms

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Open Access ◽  
Data Protection ◽  
Prime Minister ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Personal Data Protection ◽  
General Elections ◽  
State And Local ◽  
The Government ◽  
Data Ecosystem

Subject India’s data ecosystem and reform outlook. Significance Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s second government is expected to revive its effort to enforce a new data protection framework. The draft 2018 Personal Data Protection (PDP) bill, deferred due to the April-May general elections, will be tabled afresh when the new parliament convenes from July. Impacts Policy push for data localisation and relatively open access to competing firms will not be reversed. This will be welcomed by large domestic corporates, while alientating foreign ‘big tech’. Cybersecurity of data stored by local corporates and the government will remain poor.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document