A Value Set Analysis Refinement Approach Based on Conditional Merging and Lazy Constraint Solving

Background EQ-5D-Y is a preference-based measure for children and adolescents (aged 8–15 y). This is the first study to develop an EQ-5D-Y value set for converting EQ-5D-Y responses to index values. Methods We recruited 1047 respondents (aged 20–79 y) from the general population, stratified by gender and age group, in 5 Japanese cities. All data were collected through face-to-face surveys. Respondents were asked to value EQ-5D-Y states for a hypothetical 10-y-old child from a proxy perspective using composite time tradeoff (cTTO) and a discrete choice experiment (DCE). The discrete choice data were analyzed using a mixed logit model. Latent DCE values were then converted to a 0 (death)/1 (full health) scale by mapping them to the cTTO values. Results The mean observed cTTO value of the worst health state [33333] was 0.20. Analysis of the DCE data showed that the coefficients of the domains related to mental functions (“Having pain or discomfort” and “Feeling worried, sad, or unhappy”) were larger than those for the domains related to physical and social functions. By converting latent DCE values to a utility scale, we constructed a value set for EQ-5D-Y. No inconsistencies were observed. The minimum predicted score was 0.288 [33333], and the second-best score was 0.957 [12111]. Conclusion A value set for EQ-5D-Y was successfully constructed. This is the first survey of an EQ-5D-Y value set. Interpreting the differences between EQ-5D-Y and EQ-5D-5L value sets is a future task with implications for health care policy.

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A Value Set for the EQ-5D Based on Experienced Health States

PharmacoEconomics ◽

10.2165/11538380-000000000-00000 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 29 (6) ◽

pp. 521-534 ◽

Cited By ~ 48

Author(s):

Reiner Leidl ◽

Peter Reitmeir

Keyword(s):

Health States ◽

Value Set ◽

A Value

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Utility Values for Health States in Ireland: A Value Set for the EQ-5D-5L

PharmacoEconomics ◽

10.1007/s40273-018-0690-x ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 36 (11) ◽

pp. 1345-1353 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Anna Hobbins ◽

Luke Barry ◽

Dan Kelleher ◽

Koonal Shah ◽

Nancy Devlin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health States ◽

Value Set ◽

Utility Values ◽

A Value

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Crosswalk EQ-5D-5L Value Set for Slovenia

Slovenian Journal of Public Health ◽

10.2478/sjph-2020-0024 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 59 (3) ◽

pp. 189-194 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Valentina Prevolnik Rupel ◽

Marko Ogorevc

Keyword(s):

General Population ◽

Health State ◽

Health States ◽

Value Set ◽

Euroqol Group ◽

A Value ◽

Distribution Of Values ◽

Severe Health State ◽

The Mean ◽

Informational Value

AbstractIntroductionDue to the availability of the EQ-5D-5L instrument official translation into Slovenian its use is widespread in Slovenia. However, the health profiles obtained in many studies cannot be ascribed their appropriate values as the EQ-5D-5L value set does not yet exist in Slovenia. Our aim was to estimate an interim EQ-5D-5L value set for Slovenia using the crosswalk methodology developed by the EuroQol Group on the basis of the EQ-5D-3L Slovenian TTO value set. Our secondary aim was to compare the interim values obtained with the EQ-5D-3L Slovenian values.MethodsTo obtain a Slovenian interim EQ-5D-5L value set, we applied the crosswalk methodology developed by the EuroQol Group to the Slovenian EQ-5D-3L TTO value set. We examined the differences between values by comparing the mean 3L and 5L value scores and the distribution of values across all respondents.ResultsBy definition, 3-level and 5-level versions have the same range (from 1 to −0.495) and a health state coded 22222 in the 3-level version corresponds to 33333 in the 5-level version. While the addition of a “slight” severity level (22222) in the 5-level version has a low informational value, the addition of a “severe” health state (44444) covers larger range of the scale. The 5-level version results in fewer health states being valued below 0 and above 0.8.ConclusionThe EQ-5D-5L value set, based on the crosswalk methodology, should be used until a value set for the EQ-5D-5L is derived from preferences elicited directly from a representative sample of the Slovenian general population.

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The Performance of a Value Set for the EQ-5D Based on Experienced Health States in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Value in Health ◽

10.1016/j.jval.2011.08.004 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 151-157 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Reiner Leidl ◽

Peter Reitmeir ◽

Hans-Helmut König ◽

Renée Stark

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽

Bowel Disease ◽

Health States ◽

Value Set ◽

A Value ◽

Inflammatory Bowel

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Rural Population’s Preferences Matter: A Value Set For The EQ-5D-3L Health States For China’s Rural Population

10.21203/rs.3.rs-746682/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Gordon Liu ◽

Haijing Guan ◽

Xuejing Jin ◽

Han Zhang ◽

Sam Vortherms ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Rural Population ◽

Social Preferences ◽

Policy Decision ◽

Least Square ◽

Health States ◽

Final Model ◽

Value Set ◽

A Value ◽

Highly Correlated

Abstract Purpose: To develop an EQ-5D-3L social value set based on Chinese rural population’s preferences using the time trade-off method, and to compare the differences in health states preferences between China urban and rural population.Methods: Between Sep 2013 and Nov 2013, a total of 1201 participants were recruited from rural areas of five Chinese cities (Beijing, Chengdu, Guiyang, Nanjing, and Shenyang) using a quota sampling method. A total of 97 EQ-5D-3L health states were valued for estimating the value set. Various models with different specifications were explored at both aggregate and individual levels. The final model was determined by a set of predefined selection criteria. Findings: An ordinary least square model at the aggregate level included 10 dummy variables for specifying the level 2 and 3 for each dimension and a N3 term presenting any dimension on level 3 was selected was selected as the final model. The final model provides a value set ranges from -0.218 to 0.859. The predicted utility values were highly correlated with but consistently lower than that of the published Chinese EQ-5D-3L value set (for urban population).Conclusion: The availability of the China rural value set provides a set of social preferences weights for researchers and policy decision-makers for use in China rural area.

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Interval Continuous Plant Identification from Value Sets

Journal of Applied Mathematics ◽

10.1155/2012/840603 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-32

Author(s):

R. Hernández ◽

J. A. García ◽

C. Mañoso

Keyword(s):

Plant Identification ◽

Value Set ◽

A Value ◽

Complete Arc ◽

Continuous Plant ◽

Value Sets

This paper shows how to obtain the values of the numerator and denominator Kharitonov polynomials of an interval plant from its value set at a given frequency. Moreover, it is proven that given a value set, all the assigned polynomials of the vertices can be determined if and only if there is a complete edge or a complete arc lying on a quadrant. This algorithm is nonconservative in the sense that if the value-set boundary of an interval plant is exactly known, and particularly its vertices, then the Kharitonov rectangles are exactly those used to obtain these value sets.

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A value set for documenting adverse reactions in electronic health records

Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association ◽

10.1093/jamia/ocx139 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 25 (6) ◽

pp. 661-669 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Foster R Goss ◽

Kenneth H Lai ◽

Maxim Topaz ◽

Warren W Acker ◽

Leigh Kowalski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Information ◽

Adverse Reactions ◽

Medical Center ◽

Information Modeling ◽

Hypersensitivity Reactions ◽

Health Records ◽

Value Set ◽

External Resources ◽

A Value ◽

Electronic Health

Abstract Objective To develop a comprehensive value set for documenting and encoding adverse reactions in the allergy module of an electronic health record. Materials and Methods We analyzed 2 471 004 adverse reactions stored in Partners Healthcare’s Enterprise-wide Allergy Repository (PEAR) of 2.7 million patients. Using the Medical Text Extraction, Reasoning, and Mapping System, we processed both structured and free-text reaction entries and mapped them to Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine – Clinical Terms. We calculated the frequencies of reaction concepts, including rare, severe, and hypersensitivity reactions. We compared PEAR concepts to a Federal Health Information Modeling and Standards value set and University of Nebraska Medical Center data, and then created an integrated value set. Results We identified 787 reaction concepts in PEAR. Frequently reported reactions included: rash (14.0%), hives (8.2%), gastrointestinal irritation (5.5%), itching (3.2%), and anaphylaxis (2.5%). We identified an additional 320 concepts from Federal Health Information Modeling and Standards and the University of Nebraska Medical Center to resolve gaps due to missing and partial matches when comparing these external resources to PEAR. This yielded 1106 concepts in our final integrated value set. The presence of rare, severe, and hypersensitivity reactions was limited in both external datasets. Hypersensitivity reactions represented roughly 20% of the reactions within our data. Discussion We developed a value set for encoding adverse reactions using a large dataset from one health system, enriched by reactions from 2 large external resources. This integrated value set includes clinically important severe and hypersensitivity reactions. Conclusion This work contributes a value set, harmonized with existing data, to improve the consistency and accuracy of reaction documentation in electronic health records, providing the necessary building blocks for more intelligent clinical decision support for allergies and adverse reactions.

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Observations of the Thermal Decomposition of Brucite

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100101980 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 26 ◽

pp. 446-447

Author(s):

P. L. Burnett ◽

W. R. Mitchell ◽

C. L. Houck

Keyword(s):

Thermal Decomposition ◽

Magnesium Oxide ◽

Basal Plane ◽

Magnesium Ions ◽

A Value ◽

Reaction Proceeds

Natural Brucite (Mg(OH)2) decomposes on heating to form magnesium oxide (MgO) having its cubic ﹛110﹜ and ﹛111﹜ planes respectively parallel to the prism and basal planes of the hexagonal brucite lattice. Although the crystal-lographic relation between the parent brucite crystal and the resulting mag-nesium oxide crystallites is well known, the exact mechanism by which the reaction proceeds is still a matter of controversy. Goodman described the decomposition as an initial shrinkage in the brucite basal plane allowing magnesium ions to shift their original sites to the required magnesium oxide positions followed by a collapse of the planes along the original <0001> direction of the brucite crystal. He noted that the (110) diffraction spots of brucite immediately shifted to the positions required for the (220) reflections of magnesium oxide. Gordon observed separate diffraction spots for the (110) brucite and (220) magnesium oxide planes. The positions of the (110) and (100) brucite never changed but only diminished in intensity while the (220) planes of magnesium shifted from a value larger than the listed ASTM d spacing to the predicted value as the decomposition progressed.

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Field-assisted ionization theory for microscopists

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100171833 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 52 ◽

pp. 820-821

Author(s):

Patrick P. Camus

Keyword(s):

Electric Field ◽

Electron Tunneling ◽

Ionization Probability ◽

Critical Distance ◽

Tunneling Probability ◽

Field Ionization ◽

Radius Of Curvature ◽

Field Evaporation ◽

A Value ◽

Ion Emission

The theory of field ion emission is the study of electron tunneling probability enhanced by the application of a high electric field. At subnanometer distances and kilovolt potentials, the probability of tunneling of electrons increases markedly. Field ionization of gas atoms produce atomic resolution images of the surface of the specimen, while field evaporation of surface atoms sections the specimen. Details of emission theory may be found in monographs.Field ionization (FI) is the phenomena whereby an electric field assists in the ionization of gas atoms via tunneling. The tunneling probability is a maximum at a critical distance above the surface,xc, Fig. 1. Energy is required to ionize the gas atom at xc, I, but at a value reduced by the appliedelectric field, xcFe, while energy is recovered by placing the electron in the specimen, φ. The highest ionization probability occurs for those regions on the specimen that have the highest local electric field. Those atoms which protrude from the average surfacehave the smallest radius of curvature, the highest field and therefore produce the highest ionizationprobability and brightest spots on the imaging screen, Fig. 2. This technique is called field ion microscopy (FIM).

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