Rural Population’s Preferences Matter: A Value Set For The EQ-5D-3L Health States For China’s Rural Population

Abstract Purpose: To develop an EQ-5D-3L social value set based on Chinese rural population’s preferences using the time trade-off method, and to compare the differences in health states preferences between China urban and rural population.Methods: Between Sep 2013 and Nov 2013, a total of 1201 participants were recruited from rural areas of five Chinese cities (Beijing, Chengdu, Guiyang, Nanjing, and Shenyang) using a quota sampling method. A total of 97 EQ-5D-3L health states were valued for estimating the value set. Various models with different specifications were explored at both aggregate and individual levels. The final model was determined by a set of predefined selection criteria. Findings: An ordinary least square model at the aggregate level included 10 dummy variables for specifying the level 2 and 3 for each dimension and a N3 term presenting any dimension on level 3 was selected was selected as the final model. The final model provides a value set ranges from -0.218 to 0.859. The predicted utility values were highly correlated with but consistently lower than that of the published Chinese EQ-5D-3L value set (for urban population).Conclusion: The availability of the China rural value set provides a set of social preferences weights for researchers and policy decision-makers for use in China rural area.

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A Value Set for the EQ-5D Based on Experienced Health States

PharmacoEconomics ◽

10.2165/11538380-000000000-00000 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 29 (6) ◽

pp. 521-534 ◽

Cited By ~ 48

Author(s):

Reiner Leidl ◽

Peter Reitmeir

Keyword(s):

Health States ◽

Value Set ◽

A Value

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Utility Values for Health States in Ireland: A Value Set for the EQ-5D-5L

PharmacoEconomics ◽

10.1007/s40273-018-0690-x ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 36 (11) ◽

pp. 1345-1353 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Anna Hobbins ◽

Luke Barry ◽

Dan Kelleher ◽

Koonal Shah ◽

Nancy Devlin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health States ◽

Value Set ◽

Utility Values ◽

A Value

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Crosswalk EQ-5D-5L Value Set for Slovenia

Slovenian Journal of Public Health ◽

10.2478/sjph-2020-0024 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 59 (3) ◽

pp. 189-194 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Valentina Prevolnik Rupel ◽

Marko Ogorevc

Keyword(s):

General Population ◽

Health State ◽

Health States ◽

Value Set ◽

Euroqol Group ◽

A Value ◽

Distribution Of Values ◽

Severe Health State ◽

The Mean ◽

Informational Value

AbstractIntroductionDue to the availability of the EQ-5D-5L instrument official translation into Slovenian its use is widespread in Slovenia. However, the health profiles obtained in many studies cannot be ascribed their appropriate values as the EQ-5D-5L value set does not yet exist in Slovenia. Our aim was to estimate an interim EQ-5D-5L value set for Slovenia using the crosswalk methodology developed by the EuroQol Group on the basis of the EQ-5D-3L Slovenian TTO value set. Our secondary aim was to compare the interim values obtained with the EQ-5D-3L Slovenian values.MethodsTo obtain a Slovenian interim EQ-5D-5L value set, we applied the crosswalk methodology developed by the EuroQol Group to the Slovenian EQ-5D-3L TTO value set. We examined the differences between values by comparing the mean 3L and 5L value scores and the distribution of values across all respondents.ResultsBy definition, 3-level and 5-level versions have the same range (from 1 to −0.495) and a health state coded 22222 in the 3-level version corresponds to 33333 in the 5-level version. While the addition of a “slight” severity level (22222) in the 5-level version has a low informational value, the addition of a “severe” health state (44444) covers larger range of the scale. The 5-level version results in fewer health states being valued below 0 and above 0.8.ConclusionThe EQ-5D-5L value set, based on the crosswalk methodology, should be used until a value set for the EQ-5D-5L is derived from preferences elicited directly from a representative sample of the Slovenian general population.

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The Performance of a Value Set for the EQ-5D Based on Experienced Health States in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Value in Health ◽

10.1016/j.jval.2011.08.004 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 151-157 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Reiner Leidl ◽

Peter Reitmeir ◽

Hans-Helmut König ◽

Renée Stark

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽

Bowel Disease ◽

Health States ◽

Value Set ◽

A Value ◽

Inflammatory Bowel

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RURAL MEDICINE. CONDITION AND ISSUES

RSUH/RGGU Bulletin Series Philosophy Social Studies Art Studies ◽

10.28995/2073-6401-2020-2-103-110 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 103-110

Author(s):

Yuliya M. Beglyakova ◽

◽

Aleksander S. Shchirskii ◽

Keyword(s):

Health Services ◽

Medical Care ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Rural Population ◽

Rural Medicine ◽

Self Medication ◽

Medical Facilities ◽

Treatment Facilities ◽

Number Of Treatment ◽

The Village

The article analyses the accessibility of medical facilities in rural areas of modern Russia and the specifics of their organization and development. The authors reveal causes why rural residents have much less opportunities to seek quality medical care than urban ones, what leads to a disparity between the inhabitants of the city and the village. The thesis is substantiated that state programmes that should make health services accessible to the rural population to a greater extent do not cope with the task at hand. An attempt is made to highlight the public’s response to the existing disparity in the health services of the villagers compared to urban dwellers. Such a reaction can be considered an outflow of people from rural areas, and an increase in self-medication among rural people as a result of the difficulty in obtaining health services. The decrease in the number of treatment facilities in rural areas leads to a deterioration in the medicine situation in rural areas. That, according to the authors of the article, justifies the need to study the issues associated with the provision of medical care to the rural population.

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Integrated Assessment of Socio-Economic Development of Rural Areas, Taking into Account Differences in Population Density

Economy of agricultural and processing enterprises ◽

10.31442/0235-2494-2020-0-10-76-83 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 76-83

Author(s):

N.N. Balashova ◽

◽

D.A. Korobeynikov ◽

S.A. Popova ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sustainable Development ◽

Economic Development ◽

Population Density ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Rural Population ◽

Integrated Assessment ◽

Russian Regions ◽

Socio Economic Development

Typologization of rural areas, taking into account differences in population density and level of socio-economic development, is necessary to identify “growth points” and strategic sustainability benchmarks. The method of integrated assessment of the level of socio-economic development of rural territories is proposed, according to which the grouping of Russian regions is carried out. Applying data on rural population density to the results of calculations allowed us to identify 12 typological groups, in the context of which unified recommendations on sustainable development of territories should be formed.

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Effectiveness of Government Policies in Controlling COVID-19 in India

International Journal of Health Services ◽

10.1177/0020731420983749 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 002073142098374

Author(s):

Ashutosh Pandey ◽

Nitin Kishore Saxena

Keyword(s):

Population Density ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Rural Population ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Urban Population ◽

Demographic Factors ◽

Poverty Rate ◽

Government Policies ◽

Cumulative Number ◽

Population Number

The purpose of this study is to find the demographic factors associated with the spread of COVID-19 and to suggest a measure for identifying the effectiveness of government policies in controlling COVID-19. The study hypothesizes that the cumulative number of confirmed COVID-19 patients depends on the urban population, rural population, number of persons older than 50, population density, and poverty rate. A log-linear model is used to test the stated hypothesis, with the cumulative number of confirmed COVID-19 patients up to period [Formula: see text] as a dependent variable and demographic factors as an independent variable. The policy effectiveness indicator is calculated by taking the difference of the COVID rank of the [Formula: see text]th state based on the predicted model and the actual COVID rank of the [Formula: see text]th state[Formula: see text]Our study finds that the urban population significantly impacts the spread of COVID-19. On the other hand, demographic factors such as rural population, density, and age structure do not impact the spread of COVID-19 significantly. Thus, people residing in urban areas face a significant threat of COVID-19 as compared to people in rural areas.

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Estimating an EQ-5D-3L Value Set for Romania Using Time Trade-Off

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18147415 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (14) ◽

pp. 7415

Author(s):

Marian Sorin Paveliu ◽

Elena Olariu ◽

Raluca Caplescu ◽

Yemi Oluboyede ◽

Ileana-Gabriela Niculescu-Aron ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Technology Assessment ◽

Technology Assessment ◽

Health Technology ◽

Assessment Process ◽

Computer Assisted ◽

Health State ◽

Health States ◽

Value Set ◽

Health Technologies ◽

Related Quality

Objective: To provide health-related quality of life (HRQoL) data to support health technology assessment (HTA) and reimbursement decisions in Romania, by developing a country-specific value set for the EQ-5D-3L questionnaire. Methods: We used the cTTO method to elicit health state values using a computer-assisted personal interviewing approach. Interviews were standardized following the most recent version of the EQ-VT protocol developed by the EuroQoL Foundation. Thirty EQ-5D-3L health states were randomly assigned to respondents in blocks of three. Econometric modeling was used to estimate values for all 243 states described by the EQ-5D-3L. Results: Data from 1556 non-institutionalized adults aged 18 years and older, selected from a national representative sample, were used to build the value set. All tested models were logically consistent; the final model chosen to generate the value set was an interval regression model. The predicted EQ-5D-3L values ranged from 0.969 to 0.399, and the relative importance of EQ-5D-3L dimensions was in the following order: mobility, pain/discomfort, self-care, anxiety/depression, and usual activities. Conclusions: These results can support reimbursement decisions and allow regional cross-country comparisons between health technologies. This study lays a stepping stone in the development of a health technology assessment process more driven by locally relevant data in Romania.

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Valuation of the EQ-5D-3L in Russia

Quality of Life Research ◽

10.1007/s11136-021-02804-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Vitaly Omelyanovskiy ◽

Nuriya Musina ◽

Svetlana Ratushnyak ◽

Tatiana Bezdenezhnykh ◽

Vlada Fediaeva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Problems ◽

Cost Utility ◽

Economic Evaluations ◽

Computer Assisted ◽

Health State ◽

Primary Analysis ◽

Health States ◽

Value Set ◽

Model Combining ◽

Life Years

Abstract Purpose The most widely used generic questionnaire to estimate the quality of life for yielding quality-adjusted life years in economic evaluations is EQ-5D. Country-specific population value sets are required to use EQ-5D in economic evaluations. The aim of this study was to establish an EQ-5D-3L value set for Russia. Methods A representative sample aged 18+ years was recruited from the Russia`s general population. Computer-assisted face–to–face interviews were conducted based on the standardized valuation protocol using EQ-Portable Valuation Technology. Population preferences were elicited utilizing both composite time trade-off (cTTO) and discrete choice experiment (DCE) techniques. To estimate the value set, a hybrid regression model combining cTTO and DCE data was used. Results A total of 300 respondents who successfully completed the interview were included in the primary analysis. 120 (40.0%) respondents reported no health problems of any dimension, and 56 (18.7%) reported moderate health problems in one dimension of the EQ‐5D‐3L. Median self-rated health using EQ‐VAS was 80 with IQR 70–90. Comparing cTTO and DCE-predicted values for 243 health states resulted in a similar pattern. This supports the use of hybrid models. The predicted value based on the preferred model for the worst health state “33333” was −0.503. Mobility dimension had the most significant impact on the utility decrement, and anxiety/depression had the lowest decrement. Conclusion Determining a Russian national value set may be considered the first step towards promoting cost-utility analysis use to increase comparability among studies and improve the transferability of healthcare decision-making in Russia.

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Valuing health-related quality of life among the Indian population: a protocol for the Development of an EQ-5D Value set for India using an Extended design (DEVINE) Study

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-039517 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. e039517

Author(s):

Gaurav Jyani ◽

Shankar Prinja ◽

Sitanshu Sekhar Kar ◽

Mayur Trivedi ◽

Binod Patro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Added Value ◽

Computer Assisted ◽

Health Related Quality ◽

Health States ◽

Value Set ◽

Related Quality ◽

Health Related ◽

The Government

IntroductionQuality-adjusted life year (QALY) has been recommended by the government as preferred outcome measure for Health Technology Assessment (HTA) in India. As country-specific health-related quality of life tariff values are essential for accurate measurement of QALYs, the government of India has commissioned the present study. The aim of this paper is to describe the methods for the Development of an EQ-5D Value set for India using an Extended design (DEVINE) Study. Additionally, this study aspires to establish if the design of 10-time trade-off (TTO) blocks is enough to generate valid value sets.Methods and analysisA cross-sectional survey using the EuroQol Group’s Valuation Technology (EQ-VT) will be undertaken in a sample of 2700 respondents selected from six different states of India using a multistage stratified random sampling technique. The participants will be interviewed using computer-assisted personal interviewing technique. The TTO valuation will be done using 10 composite TTO (c-TTO) tasks and 7 discrete choice experiment (DCE) tasks. Hybrid modelling approach using both c-TTO and DCE data to estimate the potential value set will be applied. Values of all 3125 health states will be predicted using both the conventional EQ-VT design of 10 blocks of 10 TTO tasks, and an extended design of 18 blocks of 10 TTO tasks. The potential added value of the eight additional blocks in overall validity will be tested. The study will deliver value set for India and assess the adequacy of existing 10-blocks design to be able to correctly predict the values of all 3125 health states.Ethics and disseminationThe ethical approval has been obtained from Institutional Ethics Committee of PGIMER, Chandigarh, India. The anonymised EQ-5D-5L value set will be available for general use and in the HTAs commissioned by India’s central HTA Agency.

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