Differential method of doppler laser anemometry of the objects with retroreflecting sheet

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.N. Dolya ◽  
A.M. Kryukov ◽  
V.G. Mudrik
Keyword(s):  
Differential Method ◽  
Laser Anemometry

Quantitative indicators of air traffic controllers’ attitude to the danger of errors

2020 ◽  
pp. 68-78
Author(s):  
O. M. Reva ◽  
V. V. Kamyshin ◽  
S. P. Borsuk ◽  
V. A. Shulhin ◽  
A. V. Nevynitsyn
Keyword(s):  
Human Factor ◽  
Differential Method ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Aviation Accidents ◽  
Air Traffic Controllers ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Level

The negative and persistent impact of the human factor on the statistics of aviation accidents and serious incidents makes proactive studies of the attitude of “front line” aviation operators (air traffic controllers, flight crewmembers) to dangerous actions or professional conditions as a key component of the current paradigm of ICAO safety concept. This “attitude” is determined through the indicators of the influence of the human factor on decision-making, which also include the systems of preferences of air traffic controllers on the indicators and characteristics of professional activity, illustrating both the individual perception of potential risks and dangers, and the peculiarities of generalized group thinking that have developed in a particular society. Preference systems are an ordered (ranked) series of n = 21 errors: from the most dangerous to the least dangerous and characterize only the danger preference of one error over another. The degree of this preference is determined only by the difference in the ranks of the errors and does not answer the question of how much time one error is more dangerous in relation to another. The differential method for identifying the comparative danger of errors, as well as the multistep technology for identifying and filtering out marginal opinions were applied. From the initial sample of m = 37 professional air traffic controllers, two subgroups mB=20 and mG=7 people were identified with statisti-cally significant at a high level of significance within the group consistency of opinions a = 1%. Nonpara-metric optimization of the corresponding group preference systems resulted in Kemeny’s medians, in which the related (middle) ranks were missing. Based on these medians, weighted coefficients of error hazards were determined by the mathematical prioritization method. It is substantiated that with the ac-cepted accuracy of calculations, the results obtained at the second iteration of this method are more ac-ceptable. The values of the error hazard coefficients, together with their ranks established in the preference systems, allow a more complete quantitative and qualitative analysis of the attitude of both individual air traffic controllers and their professional groups to hazardous actions or conditions.

scholarly journals Annoyance evaluation of noise emitted by urban substation

2021 ◽  
pp. 146134842110143
Author(s):  
Li Jun ◽  
Li Li ◽  
Zhang Yongxiang ◽  
Chu Zhigang ◽  
Fan Xiaopeng
Keyword(s):  
Regression Model ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Noise Pollution ◽  
Objective Evaluation ◽  
Semantic Differential ◽  
Differential Method ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Noise Evaluation ◽  
Objective And Subjective Evaluation

In China, noise pollution from substations in urban areas is becoming more and more serious. An annoyance evaluation of the noise emitted by urban substations is presented. First, the subjective evaluation is conducted on the noise samples from urban substations via the semantic differential method. Subsequently, according to the typical characteristics of urban substation noise, 14 acoustical metrics are used to describe the noise samples for objective evaluation. Then the correlation analysis and regression analysis between the objective and subjective evaluation results are carried out. Finally, a regression model for urban substation noise evaluation is established. Practical application shows that the regression model can correctly predict the subjective annoyance of urban substation noise.

scholarly journals Evaluating Stress Relief from Architecture: A Case Study Based on Buildings in Taiwan, China and Japan

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 7899
Author(s):  
Ming-Chyuan Ho ◽  
Yung-Chia Chiu
Keyword(s):  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Stress Relief ◽  
Future Trend ◽  
Differential Method ◽  
City Image ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Architectural Styles ◽  
Stress Relieving ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Image Identity

The urban landscape can be improved to reduce the stress experienced by citizens. Therefore, stress-relieving buildings constitute a crucial topic and a future trend in architecture and design. In this study, different architectural styles were investigated to explore design methods for and characteristics of stress-relieving building shapes and to identify indicators for measuring participant stress relief while viewing buildings. To understand stress relief from architecture, we performed semi-structured interviews with 60 participants who viewed images of 30 buildings. The semantic differential method with a 7-point image scale was used to rate stress relief from different architectural styles. The study results revealed that the participants perceived curvilinear buildings as interesting but do not relieve stress. The participants identified as feeling high pressure considering rectilinear patterns to relieve more stress. To support this observation, we identified three principles—city image, identity, and spiritual atmosphere—as fundamental loci of designing cities for livability. We illustrate the three principles with several cases that facilitate a detailed understanding of their applicability in biodesign practices.

A 3-D Differential Method for Solving Rolling Force of PC Hot Strip Mill

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 36-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue-song Wang ◽  
Yan Peng ◽  
Li-pu Xu ◽  
Hong-min Liu
Keyword(s):  
Rolling Force ◽  
Differential Method ◽  
Hot Strip Mill ◽  
Hot Strip

Contour Extraction of Cerebrovascular Based on Maximum Optimization Cost

2011 ◽  
Vol 204-210 ◽  
pp. 1415-1418
Author(s):  
De Jiang Zhang ◽  
Na Na Dong ◽  
Xiao Mei Lin
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Programming ◽  
Blood Vessel ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Differential Method ◽  
Cost Curve ◽  
Contour Extraction ◽  
Target Image ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Conventional Algorithm

By studying the conventional algorithm of contour extraction, a new method of contour extraction in blood vessel of brain is proposed based on the MOC maximum optimization cost. First of all, the theory computes the gray differential of the image by conventional differential method to build the cost space. Then, by using dynamic programming theory, the maximum optimization cost curve in the space is extracted to serve as the specific cerebrovascular profile. The experiments show that this method ensures high efficiency in extracting cerebrovascular contour and a high accuracy in positioning cerebrovascular contour, and it diminishes the target image ambiguity caused by noise to improve the anti-interference ability of Contour extraction.

A comparison of the compressibilities of some gases with that of nitrogen at pressures below one atmosphere

1950 ◽  
Vol 200 (1061) ◽  
pp. 201-218 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Differential Method ◽  
Linear Extrapolation ◽  
Volume Changes ◽  
Pure Nitrogen ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Oxygen ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Straight Lines ◽  
High Degree

A differential method for comparing the compressibilities of gases at pressures below 1 atm. has been developed in which many of the errors inherent in methods employed previously have been to a large extent eliminated, especially those due to meniscus volume changes and capillary depression. Using pure nitrogen as a standard the low-pressure isothermals of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, oxygen, ethylene and propane have been determined at a temperature of 22-05° C. The deviations of the individual points from straight lines do not in most cases exceed 2 parts in 100,000. In no case, even with propane, was any curvature in the isotherms detectable. The contention of Moles and other recent workers that the molecular weights of liquefiable gases can be determined to a high degree of accuracy by linear extrapolation is rendered highly probable by this fresh evidence.

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