Quantitative indicators of air traffic controllers’ attitude to the danger of errors

2020 ◽  
pp. 68-78
Author(s):  
O. M. Reva ◽  
V. V. Kamyshin ◽  
S. P. Borsuk ◽  
V. A. Shulhin ◽  
A. V. Nevynitsyn
Keyword(s):  
Human Factor ◽  
Differential Method ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Aviation Accidents ◽  
Air Traffic Controllers ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Level

The negative and persistent impact of the human factor on the statistics of aviation accidents and serious incidents makes proactive studies of the attitude of “front line” aviation operators (air traffic controllers, flight crewmembers) to dangerous actions or professional conditions as a key component of the current paradigm of ICAO safety concept. This “attitude” is determined through the indicators of the influence of the human factor on decision-making, which also include the systems of preferences of air traffic controllers on the indicators and characteristics of professional activity, illustrating both the individual perception of potential risks and dangers, and the peculiarities of generalized group thinking that have developed in a particular society. Preference systems are an ordered (ranked) series of n = 21 errors: from the most dangerous to the least dangerous and characterize only the danger preference of one error over another. The degree of this preference is determined only by the difference in the ranks of the errors and does not answer the question of how much time one error is more dangerous in relation to another. The differential method for identifying the comparative danger of errors, as well as the multistep technology for identifying and filtering out marginal opinions were applied. From the initial sample of m = 37 professional air traffic controllers, two subgroups mB=20 and mG=7 people were identified with statisti-cally significant at a high level of significance within the group consistency of opinions a = 1%. Nonpara-metric optimization of the corresponding group preference systems resulted in Kemeny’s medians, in which the related (middle) ranks were missing. Based on these medians, weighted coefficients of error hazards were determined by the mathematical prioritization method. It is substantiated that with the ac-cepted accuracy of calculations, the results obtained at the second iteration of this method are more ac-ceptable. The values of the error hazard coefficients, together with their ranks established in the preference systems, allow a more complete quantitative and qualitative analysis of the attitude of both individual air traffic controllers and their professional groups to hazardous actions or conditions.

The classical criteria application for the decision­making uncertainty risk determination of the preferences system by the air traffic controllers on the characteristic errors hazards

2020 ◽  
pp. 54-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
O.M. Reva ◽  
V.V. Kamyshуn ◽  
S.P. Borsuk ◽  
A.V. Nevynitsyn ◽  
V. A. Shulgin
Keyword(s):  
Human Factor ◽  
Individual Preference ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Simulator Training ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Group Preference ◽  
Air Traffic Controllers ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

Given the influence of the human factor on decision-making processes by aviation operators of the “leading edge”, therefore, — of the flight safety, individual and group preference systems as formalized representations of air traffic controllers about a number of spectrum ordered by danger have been investigated from n=21 of characteristic errors. That has a pronounced positive proactive character. Explicating their opinions, the air traffic controllers simultaneously form discriminating, memorizing skills, therefore, — avoidance of mistakes in a professional activity: the subjects made one third fewer errors in comparison with other air traffic controllers in the process of simulator training. Group preference systems allow identifying the features of the functioning of individual socie­ties — dispatch shifts, possible group deformations, as well as the impact on their members of the presentation features of the performing technological procedures specifics by instructors. m=37 individual preference systems of the air traffic controllers, which were involved in research, were built by pairwise comparison of the danger of errors and the application of a differential method of distributing the indicator of their total danger. That contributed to conducting of 420 pairwise error hazard comparisons. The implementation of a multi-step procedure for identifying and screening out 10 marginal opinions has led to a statistically consistent group system of preferences: Kendall’s concordance coefficient equals is W=0,700 and it became statistically significant at a high level of significance of a = 1 %. The decision matrix was formed from mА=27 individual preference systems of the air traffic controllers, which, by the definition, is a “cost matrix” and for the solution of which a methodology for the correct application of the classical decision criteria by Wald, Savage, Bayes-Laplace, Hurwitz has been implemented. It revealed the identity of the group systems of preferences obtained by Wald and Savage criterion, as well as the Bayes-Laplace criterion and such a strategy of group decisions as summation and averaging of ranks. The empirical preferences are generally the same: Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients are unusually high (RB–L–W/S=0,8922, RB–L–HW=0,9263, RW/S–HW=0,9477) and statistically gullible at a high level of significance for human factor studies . The following values of the normative indicator of the not distinguishing dangers of error risk in the group preference systems are obtained: R*BL=0 , R*HW=0,19·10-2, R*W/S=5,58·10-2. The value of this indicator for the group is R*g=0,52·10-2.

scholarly journals Human factor: Methodology of proactive qualimetry of air traffic controllers error threats

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
O.M. Reva ◽  
◽  
V.V. Kamyshin ◽  
S.P. Borsuk ◽  
A. V. Nevynitsyn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Factor ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Differential Method ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Flight Safety ◽  
Flight Crew ◽  
Group Preference ◽  
Professional Activities ◽  
Air Traffic Controllers

The monograph is devoted to the expert study of the dangers of typical mistakes made by air traffic controllers in their professional activities. Taking into account the influence of the human factor on flight safety and ICAO recommendations, an up-to-date list of n = 21 typical errors was formulated and the systems of preferences of air traffic controllers on their dangers were comprehensively studied. The differential method for establishing a comparable risk of errors has been substantiated and implemented, as well as the α-method (α-coefficient) for establishing the degree of coincidence of the advantages different systems, which is based on comparing the same errors not by the ranks that they occupy in different systems of advantages, but by the corresponding these ranks of nonlinear significance coefficients. The methodology for a comprehensive assessment of error threats has been substantiated and implemented, based on the qualitative (linguistic) indicators of their hazards and frequency of manifestation recommended by ICAO. The use of a multiplicative approach contributes to obtaining more reliable results that help prevent statistical errors of the I-II kind. Using the methods of the pattern recognition theory, a multi-step technology for detecting and filtering out marginal opinions has been developed and implemented, which makes it possible to build group preference systems with the required level of the opinions consistency. The development of the methodology for the application of classical decision-making criteria as strategies for building group preference systems with different levels of risk was implemented. The normalized index of indistinguishability of error hazards was introduced. The Kemeny median for nonparametric optimization of consistent group preference systems on error hazards was applied. Defuzzification of qualitative rank estimates of error hazards by providing them with the corresponding weighted significance coefficients has been carried out. The hypothesis about the possible influence of cross-cultural factors on the attitude to the dangers of errors of Ukrainian and Azerbaijani air traffic controllers was tested. The monograph is addressed to scientists and specialists who deal with the problems of the influence of the human factor on flight safety. It can be useful in the educational process of aviation operators of the "front line" (air traffic controllers and flight crew members), as well as in providing methodological content of flight safety management systems. Given the versatility of the improved and developed methods, it can also be useful for scientists and specialists who use expert technologies in their activities.

System analysis: the kemeny’s median as an optimization model of the preferences group system of air traffic controllers of the danger of the characteristic errors

2020 ◽  
pp. 55-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. M. Reva ◽  
V. V. Kamyshуn ◽  
V. A. Shulgin ◽  
A. V. Nevynitsyn
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Human Factor ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Individual Preference ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
General Group ◽  
Air Traffic Controllers ◽  
Preference System ◽  
High Level

The systems of advantages of aviation operators of the “front line” on the indicators and characteristics of their professional activities is one of the indicators demonstrating the influence of the human factor on decision-making, and, consequently, on the “attitude towards dangerous actions or conditions”, which, in its turn, is one of the components of the current ICAO safety paradigm. The preference system is understood as an ordered series of the specified indicators and characteristics from the most dangerous to the least dangerous, including errors that can be made by air traffic controllers. Group systems of advantages have a number of properties (peculiarities of the prevailing in a particular society — control shift — opinions on the perception of threats and hazards, the influence of the attitude of instructor personnel to threats and dangers and the technology to overcome them, statistics of aviation accidents and serious incidents in the area of responsibility, etc.) that are desirable to take into account in the safety management process and that are found by aggregating individual systems of benefits. This aggregation occurs using strategies for making group decisions, from which one should point to the strategy of summing and averaging ranks, which is riskier, but allows establishing the degree of consistency of opinions using the Kendall concordance coefficient. An important strategy is based on the classical Savage decision-making criteria, which has an optimization content and allows minimizing deviations in opinions regarding the dangers of mistakes of both the majority and the minority of the group members. The Kemeny’s median has a pronounced nonparametric optimization content, but it is almost never used in studies of the influence of the human factor on decision making in aviation systems. Individual systems of preferences of m=37 air traffic controllers on the spectrum of n=21 characteristic errors were constructed by them using the usual method of pairwise comparisons and normative establishment of a part of the total hazard. The use of the technology for detecting and filtering out marginal thoughts — individual systems of advantages, which significantly differ from the general group, made it possible to distinguish a subgroup mA=26 with a high level of intragroup consistency of opinions: the coefficient of concordance is W=0.7144 and is statistically significant at a high level of significance a=1%. Individual preference systems of members of the mА subgroup were used to implement the heuristic algorithm and construct the desired Kemeny’s median, which improves the consistent preference system and has an unusually high coincidence with the group advantage systems obtained using other group decision strategies: the average value of Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient in 7 times increased its minimum acceptable value.

scholarly journals Air traffic control activity increases attention capacity in air traffic controllers

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 250-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valdenilson Ribeiro Ribas ◽  
Hugo André de Lima Martins ◽  
Gutemberg Guerra Amorim ◽  
Renata de Melo Guerra Ribas ◽  
Cláudia Ângela Vilela de Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Control ◽  
Air Traffic Control ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Activity ◽  
Air Traffic Controllers ◽  
Serial Addition ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Level

Abstract Air traffic controllers simultaneously develop complex and multiple tasks in the course of their activities. In this context, concern is raised over the high level of attention needed by these professionals which can ultimately be affected by stress and fatigue. Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess attention level in air traffic controllers (ATCo). Methods: 45 flight protection professionals were evaluated, comprising 30 ATCo, subdivided into ATCo with ten or more years in the profession (ATCo³10, n=15) and ATCo with less than ten years in the profession (ATCo <10, n=15) and 15 aeronautical information services operators (AIS), subdivided into AIS with ten years or more in the profession (AIS³10, n=8) and AIS with less than ten years in the profession (AIS <10, n=7), who were included as the control group. The digit symbol, d2 (the individual marks the letter d on a specific form containing 14 lines with 47 letters in each, maintaining focus on letter d followed by two dashes), forward digit span, backward digit span and PASAT (paced auditory serial addition test) attention tests were used. Kruskal-Wallis was used and data expressed as Median (Minimum and Maximum) with p<0.05. Results: The ATCo³10 presented greater focus of attention, sustained attention, mental manipulation and resistance to interference capacity compared to the AIS³10. Comparison of ATCo³10 to the AIS<10 showed they presented only greater resistance to interference, and when compared to the ATCo<10 presented lower focus. Conclusions: The air traffic control activity after ten years may be associated with a high level of attention.

scholarly journals Differential method for establishing a comparative danger of air traffic controllers errors in professional activity

2019 ◽  
pp. 70-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
O.M. Reva ◽  
V.V. Kamyshin V.V. ◽  
A.V. Nevynitsyn ◽  
V.A. Shulgin
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Differential Method ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Total Risk ◽  
Traditional Practice ◽  
Differential Approach ◽  
Air Traffic Controllers ◽  
Preference System

The advantage systems of air traffic controllers as operators of the “front line”, which are directly responsible for ensuring the appropriate level of flight safety, are considered as a component of their decision making, determines, on the one hand, the influence of the human factor on the choice they make, and on the other hand, makes this choice much easier. The use of paired comparisons and determination of part of the total comparative danger as a way of establishing the systems of benefits of professional air traffic controllers on the spectrum of the characteristic errors that they make in the process of professional activity are substantiated. For the first time, the total risk of a pair of errors is determined in an absolute and unique by quasi metric features 100-point scale, and their separate contribution to this danger covers the entire continuum of the scale. In contrast to the traditional practice, which regulates part of the total danger, it allowed for a more differentiated assessment of the comparative dangers of errors. Using the traditional and the proposed method, group systems of advantages of air traffic controllers on the studied range of errors, which are almost identical, are constructed: Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient is equal to the value. The Kendall concordance coefficient calculated for the group preference system constructed in the traditional way is equal to and statistically reliable, and therefore the corresponding preference system is consistent. The coefficient of concordance calculated for the group system of benefits based on the application of the proposed differential approach to the pairwise comparison of the dangers of errors is almost twice greater, equal to the value and statistically reliable at a high level of significance. This indicates both the consistency of the opinions of the subjects and the high efficiency of the proposed differential approach.

Diagnostics of perceptive and emotional components of psychological readiness for selfregulation of professional activity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Emelyanenkova ◽  
S. B. Gnedova
Keyword(s):  
Self Regulation ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Objective Criterion ◽  
Novice Drivers ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Short Signal ◽  
High Level

Psychological readiness is a complex phenomenon that includes a variety of motivational and regulatory components, a system of cognitive patterns of future activities and working conditions, predictive assessments, as well as managing your own emotional reactions. In the professional field of «Man-Technique», the subject of labor, managing a complex technical system, must have a high level of stress tolerance and self-regulation, which gives particular importance to the problem of professional diagnosis and selection. Subjective criteria can catch the «subtle» emotional experiences, the nuances of cognitive-affective processes that simultaneously occur in the psyche of the individual. Objective criteria — often require a rather expensive research procedure. In this regard, diagnostic techniques that combine efficiency and short duration with validity criteria are most in demand. To test the assumptions of their effectiveness, a study was conducted of psychological readiness for professional activity among novice drivers, as well as among cadets-pilots of civil aviation who begin training flight training. Samples «Falling words», «Manifest words» study the perceptual mechanisms underlying the subject’s interpretation of the situation as potentially stressful, diagnosing perceptive alertness / protection. A professional who has a high willingness to interpret the received signals as stressful will recognize these words faster, which will be reflected in the objective criterion — a short signal recognition time. A comparison of the data with the results of the coping tests revealed that for novice drivers, perceptual vigilance prevails over perceptual protection. More experienced drivers often discharge suppressed emotions (usually hostility, anger), directing them to objects that are less dangerous or more accessible than those that caused negative emotions and feelings. The psychological readiness for training flights among cadets needs an additional study of perceptual and emotional components that will be used in self-regulation of resistance to emotional and psychological stress associated with upcoming professional activities.

scholarly journals THE SPECIFIC FEATURES OF THE SPIRITUAL INTELLIGENCE DEVELOPMENT AMONG THE FUTURE EDUCATORS

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduard Pomytkin ◽  
◽  
Daria Bohdanova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Self Regulation ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Spiritual Intelligence ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Success Factor ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Level ◽  
Intelligence Development

The results of theoretical research identify the following specific features of spiritual intelligence development among future educators: awareness of self-realization, ability to forecast, professionalism, and capability of the person to self-regulation. Spiritual intelligence is represented as the highest form of intelligence of the teacher’s personality, which determines the structure of one’s values, is used for self-expression (which is the primary goal of pedagogical activity), and is a determining success factor in the process of forming a model of understanding the meaning of life by the followers. The spiritual intelligence of a teacher guides one’s ability for self-improvement and self-motivation for effective, humanistic-oriented pedagogical activity, and is the main mean of finding teacher's own “Me” within the framework of the professional activity. The core traits of the highly-developed spiritual intelligence of the teacher are seen in one’s ability to inspire others, to a deep self-awareness, to flexibility in making pedagogical decisions, as well as in one's capability of representing compassion and openness in relation to the learners. Spiritual and intellectual abilities and skills may have significant differences among people, depending on the individual characteristics of the individual, one’s spiritual beliefs, religious preconditions for one’s formation and development. The spiritual intelligence of the individual can be advanced throughout life, and this tendency may be referred to as the necessary prerequisite for the professional development of teachers and their achievement of a high level of pedagogical mastery.

scholarly journals Application of Modern Development Tools in Increasing the Competence of the Staff

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 76-84
Author(s):  
Lesya Verbovska ◽  
Iryna Haliuk
Keyword(s):  
Staff Development ◽  
Management Training ◽  
Role Playing ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Behavioral Skills ◽  
Role Playing Games ◽  
Modern Development ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Individual

The article substantiates the main components of improving staff competencies in the face of change. It is determined that taking into account and combining "hard skills" and "soft skills" skills allow you to use the acquired knowledge to perform specific tasks in the workplace in a particular professional activity. Modern and traditional models, techniques and tools of personnel management are presented, according to which it is possible to clearly assess the difference in approaches to managing the competence of employees in the conditions of change. Based on the analysis of world practice, a list of methods is presented: discussions, brainstorming, Oxford debates, Case - Study, business and role - playing games, workshops, communication and management training, which are used to develop skills and abilities of employees. These methods allow expanding the educational opportunities of established forms of classes (lectures, seminars). The relationship between the acquisition of new and improvement of existing staff development competencies on the basis of training and coaching is shown. The proposed methods of acquiring competencies allow you to choose those competencies and methods of acquiring them that correspond to the individual characteristics of organizations. It is proved that the acquisition of competencies by staff allows identifying new competencies in employees, to form the need to use modern analytical and behavioral skills, providing greater opportunities for management skills and flexibility, dialectical thinking, ability to make creative decisions in unusual situations. It is substantiated that the combination of the SMART method in the acquisition of competencies significantly expands the possibilities of short-term learning, through the application of the concept of "lifelong learning". Different definitions of the essence of "competence" are analyzed, which allows emphasizing that when choosing different forms of education, in particular, trainings, different types of training it is necessary to use / apply modern methods and techniques. It has been proven that incompetent non-use by a staff of their knowledge, skills, experience and skills often leads to reduced profits and inefficient use of their potential.

Assessing a Retention Policy for Air Traffic Controllers

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 777-781
Author(s):  
Linda G. Pierce ◽  
Elaine M. Pfleiderer
Keyword(s):  
Success Rate ◽  
Traffic Control ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Air Traffic Controller ◽  
Air Traffic Controllers ◽  
Retention Policy ◽  
High Level ◽  
Expensive Process ◽  
New Facility

Training a developmental (air traffic controller in training) to certification is a lengthy and expensive process. To limit losses due to poor performance in training, the FAA has implemented a policy to reassign some developmentals to less complex air traffic control (ATC) facilities following voluntary or involuntary removal from training at more complex facilities. The National Employee Service Team (NEST) is implementing the policy. We reviewed the NEST processes and assessed effectiveness based on the extent to which the NEST recommendations are accepted and the likelihood that developmentals reassigned in accordance with NEST recommendations succeed in training at the new facility. We found that NEST recommendations to retain or terminate developmentals and type and level facility for reassignment are accepted by the FAA at a high level. Furthermore, the success rate of developmentals at a new facility is greater than 90%.

Self-Effectiveness of Students in the Conditions of Digitalization of Education

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 12-16
Author(s):  
M. Gireeva
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Human Factor ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Professional Self ◽  
High Level ◽  
Level Of Risk

The article deals with the problem of the formation of self-efficacy of students of professions associated with the risk of decision-making. Self-efficacy implies the ability of a person to cope with specific and complex situations, including emergencies, and to influence the effectiveness of activities and functioning [1]. Therefore, it was decided to take an increase in the level of professional self-efficacy as the basis for solving the problems of the negative impact of the "human factor" on professional activity in conditions of a high level of risk. High self-efficacy it allows not only to take up decisions and cope with complex professional tasks, but also with various stressful situations [16], as well as to avoid risks to their own health, which is of particular importance for employees of professions associated with the risk of.

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