Transfer created by higher institutions education of technologies for implementation in public practice

The article is devoted to the results of the annual monitoring of the activities of higher education institutions of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine) in the field of technology transfer. The purpose of the study is to analyze the results of the transfer of created the higher education institutions based on the results of scientific, technical and innovative technologies for implementation in public practice, identify its main problems and ways to solve them in modern society. The research was carried out by the Ukrainian Institute of Scientific and Technical Expertise and Information according to the developed system of indicators and approved methodology using information on the results of innovation activities by budget managers. The obtained results show that in 2020 the higher education institutions transferred more than half of the total number of technologies transferred by the main managers of budget funds for strategic priority areas of innovation. Almost all technologies created by the higher education institutions were transferred to the order of industrial sector enterprises with a share of 96,4 % (in 2019 — 99,1 %, in 2018 — 80,4 %) in the total number of technologies transferred to industrial enterprises. For the last three years, the Ministry of Education and Science has been a leader among other managers in both domestic and foreign markets. The vast majority of technologies in the domestic and all technologies in the foreign market are transferred to customers through “know-how, agreements for the acquisition (transfer) of technology”. Technologies for 2018–2020 were transferred according to all approved strategic priorities, most of them according to priority 5 (medicine). Among the 23 higher education institutions operating in the field of transfer in 2020, the leader is Sumy State University (as in 2019 and 2018), which transferred more than half of the total number of transferred technologies, all — to the industrial sector. In 2018–2020, more than half of the technologies transferred to the domestic market, and almost all — on the foreign market were developed by the Ministry of Education and Science, of which almost all — universities. These technologies have a higher competitiveness and demand compared to technologies obtained by scientists from other domestic structures, which allows the Ministry of Education and Science among other fund managers to maintain a leading position in the field of transfer in both markets, including industry. Thus, the higher education institutions created and transferred innovative products for direct implementation in public practice and technological reequipment of enterprises at the sectoral level. The main problem of the transfer is that the transferred technologies were created only at the expense of enterprises and customer organizations for direct implementation, which narrows the opportunities for attracting the higher education institutions for effective implementation of modern society development strategies at regional and local levels. In order to further improve and expand the directions and opportunities of scientific, scientific-technical and innovative activities of the the higher education institutions, it is proposed to take into account world and European experience in the strategies of free economic development, including universities. sustainable development and its goals in order to increase the socio-economic development of society at the international, regional and local levels.

National security: health care, pandemic (COVID-19) and the global trade in counterfeit pharmaceuticals (part 2)

Ukraine’s healthcare system faces unprecedented national security challenges in the third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. A particularly acute issue is countering counterfeit pharmaceuticals, preventing drug shortages, joining efforts of the authorities and national manufacturers of drugs and medical supplies. According to the UN, more than 60 % of the population lives below the poverty line in Ukraine. Timely response to these challenges and taking preventive measures will save lives, minimize the volume and consequences of the pandemic. The paper provides an economic and legal analysis, trends, risks and threats to national security of the state and health protection during a pandemic, in order to protect intellectual property rights, adequate coordination of actions at the national and international levels. The impact of counterfeiting on the criminal landscape in the EU, and also business and economy, is shown based on the analysis of studies by the OECD, the EU Intellectual Property Office (EUIPO) and Europol. The foundations of anti-counterfeiting management, measures to implement a standard anti-counterfeiting strategy are proposed.

The real equilibrium exchange rate in a commodity­exporting economy: the experience of Azerbaijan

The case of Azerbaijan serves to study the adequacy of exchange-rate policy in a resource-rich economy. This paper analyses the behavior of Azerbaijan’s external accounts over the past twenty years. Declining oil prices made an existing exchange-rate peg unsustainable and led to a large devaluation in 2015. Since then, the current account balance has improved, but by less than expected. We use the EBA-Lite method to derive regression-based estimates of the equilibrium real exchange rate, and relate misalignments to measures of “policy gaps”. Our findings suggest that only a few years after the devaluation, Azerbaijan’s currency has once more become overvalued. Moreover, the equilibrium real exchange rate is volatile and hardly compatible with a long-run exchange rate peg. Exchange rate policy should try to accommodate shifts in the fundamental determinants such as relative productivity and real oil prices.

Science literacy and Stem. Who is the boss?

Science literacy, science popularization and STEM were analyzed as the structural elements on popular science landscape. Author considers audience, tools and other specific features for each of these elements. Modified definitions are suggested for simplification of further analysis. It was shown that starting from 21st Century science literacy and science popularization can be considered as two separate elements with different objectives and different audience. One more conclusion is the following. Public funding is the mandatory requirement for sustainable development of science literacy. The joint project was proposed for acceleration of World Organization on Science Literacy creation. The essence of this project is to create, print and distribute joint textbook “Create yourself by use your own tale” for increasing children creativity. The book should be adapted to the features of up to 10 countries.

Analysis of regional markets for heavy industry and machine building products (in the example of Azerbaijan economy)

The presented article analyzes regional markets, for heavy industry and machine building products for the Azerbaijani economy. In terms of trade relations and territory, the markets of Turkey, the Russian Federation, Georgia, the Islamic Republic of Iran, Moldova, Belarus, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Armenia were selected and evaluated. The database of the study consists of mutual import and export data for the mentioned countries in 2014–2018. Based on the import-export data collected covering the years 2014–2018 on six-digit codes of regional markets, the revealed comparative advantage and localization coefficients on import and export were calculated. As a result, importing and exporting countries have been identified in the regional markets through the calculated coefficients for each of the 5 years of heavy industry and machine building products considered. Thus, in terms of imports and exports, the countries with the highest coefficients were selected.

Theoretical aspects of forming the economic potential of a territorial community: a synergetic approach

The article is devoted to highlighting the author’s views on the theoretical aspects of the application of a synergetic approach to the formation of the economic potential of the modern territorial community. It is established that the potential of the territorial community characterizes many opportunities for its development in terms of using the full range of its resources, features of the past, current and planned structure of its economy, geographical location and other factors. Systematic, reproductive and resource approaches to determining the content of economic potential are described. Particular attention is paid to the system approach, which allows to reveal such aspects to the interpretation of the content of economic potential as elemental, structural, functional, integral and historical. The content and elements of the economic potential of the territorial community are proposed to be considered from the point of view of its resource provision; ability to structure and readiness to carry out socio-economic transformations; formation of the market environment; level and quality of community life; areas of implementation. It is established that since the economic potential of a territorial community is a complex heterogeneous system, synergetics should be applied to its study, which allows to explain the complexity and diversity of social relations and processes occurring in the territorial community, as well as to substantiate the content and logic of its economic potential. The formation of the economic potential of the territory should take into account the systemic principles of the synergetic concept, namely: self-organization; self-reproduction; subordination; openness; resonant influence; instability; constant fluctuations; bifurcation of development; multivariate development; dynamic hierarchy; nonlinearity; interconnection, interaction and interchangeability of system elements.

Theoretical essence and component structure of the intellectual capital of the enterprise

The objective necessity and feature of the current stage of development of society is the creation of conditions for the formation and development of intellectual capital — a component that facilitates the transition to an innovative digital economy. Based on the study of scientific works of foreign scientists, the content of the category “intellectual capital” is determined, its component structure is investigated, which includes human capital, organizational capital and relations capital (relational capital). The legal bases of formation and disposal of intellectual capital through the use of separate contractual constructions are considered. It is determined that such agreements can be classified according to the criterion of the role played by this agreement in the structure of formation or use (disposal) of intellectual capital of the enterprise. It is proposed to define the intellectual capital of the enterprise as an intangible asset of the business entity formed on the basis of interaction of human, emotional, structural, organizational capital and capital relations, the synthesis of which allows to produce new knowledge, stimulates innovative development and enhances its competitiveness. Intellectual capital has been established to help organizations gain a sustainable competitive advantage, serving as a source of efficiency, value growth and business capitalization. The role of “green” intellectual capital as the basis for promoting sustainability in organizations is emphasized, its components and values for ensuring the effectiveness of activities are determined. The need for further research on the issues of assessing and identifying the possibilities of accounting for the value of the form of intellectual capital, including green intellectual capital, determining its impact on the results of the enterprise was emphasized.

National security: health care, pandemic (COVID-­19) and the global trade in counterfeit pharmaceuticals (Part 1)

Ukraine’s healthcare system faces unprecedented national security challenges in the third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. A particularly acute issue is countering counterfeit pharmaceuticals, preventing drug shortages, joining efforts of the authorities and national manufacturers of drugs and medicines. According to the UN in Ukraine more than 60% of the population lives below the poverty line. Timely response to these challenges and taking preventive measures will save lives, minimize the volume and consequences of the pandemic. The work provides an economic and legal analysis, trends, risks and threats to the national security of the state and health protection during a pandemic, in order to protect intellectual property rights, adequate coordination of actions at the national and international levels. Based on the analysis of studies by the OECD, the EU Intellectual Property Office (EUIPO) and Europol shows the impact of counterfeiting on business and the economy, the criminal landscape in the EU. The basics of the anti-counterfeiting management, measures to implement a standard anti-counterfeiting strategy are proposed.

Forecasting research on priority directions to achieve sdg № 14 “Conservation and rational use of oceans, seafoods and seafood”

The article is devoted to the results of forecasting research to identify priority areas of research and technology in the field of marine conservation to achieve the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) No. 14 “Conservation and sustainable use of oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development”. The research was performed in terms of national objectives of this goal in the following stages: 1) survey of experts from scientific organizations and institutions of higher education on research and technology that can offer domestic science, and which are necessary for the implementation of the tasks of SDG No. 14; 2) survey of expert practitioners on the research and technologies proposed at the first stage, which are needed by the real sector; 3) determining the competitiveness of the proposed research/technology based on bibliometric/ patent analysis. The generalized estimation of all offered directions of scientific researches and technologies on these stages and their clustering according to the received estimation is carried out. According to the results of the work of 13 proposals on the national tasks of the SDG No. 14 priority technologies are identified: integrated assessment of the ecological status of natural ecosystems of the sea on the basis of field research and methods of remote sensing of the earth; express water toxicity indicator; ecological management of coastal-marine waters of estuaries and estuaries in the conditions of development of nature protection activity; adapted for Ukraine international methods for determining the number of fish and estimating the total allowable catches in the Black and Azov Seas; new approaches to managing the use of aquatic biological resources of the Black and Azov Seas aimed at sustainable use of resources.

Wheat bread quality improvement with using plasma­chemically activated water

The article was devoted to an innovative approach of improving bakery products quality through using an activated water, exposed to the action of contact non-equilibrium (cold) plasma. Wheat bread quality characteristics were presented during using the plasma-chemically activated water combined with wheat flour of poor baking properties. It is shown that the treatment of water with contact non-equilibrium plasma leads to an improvement in the consumer qualities of bread, an increase in its resistance to microbiological spoilage. The wheat bread made with the plasma-chemically activated water presented the possibility to prolong the shelf-life of the product, helping to decrease losses and waste during the bread food chain.