A survey was conducted to determine research priorities for forest herbicide application technology research. It was sent to persons, primarily in Canada and the United States, with an interest in the topic (users, applicators, researchers, and regulators). Respondents indicated support for both aerial and ground application technology research. The top 10 priorities of all respondents combined for future herbicide application technology research were as follows: (1) determine appropriate scientifically-based buffer zones, (2) develop technology to allow the same efficacy with reduced active ingredient, (3) develop technology to allow the same efficacy with reduced spray volume, (4) determine the optimum drop size with regard to efficacy and drift, (5) improve "rainfastness" (resistance of spray deposit to being washed off by rain) of herbicides, (6) determine the effect of atmospheric stability and wind on herbicide drift, (7) determine the dose–response curve for environmental impact vs herbicide deposit, (8) determine the effect of temperature and relative humidity on deposit and efficacy, (9) develop atomizers capable of emitting narrow drop size spectra regardless of aircraft speed, and (10) determine the effect of temperature and relative humidity on drift. The problem of determining how to develop public support for aerial application of herbicides in forestry, although not really an application technology problem, ranked number 1 for Canadian users and aerial applicators, and number 4 for U.S. users.
Deposit of pesticides without and with adjuvants on citrus seedlings following different intervals of artificial rain