In vivo relationship between joint stiffness, joint-based estimates of muscle stiffness, and shear-wave velocity

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew D. Vigotsky ◽  
Elliott J. Rouse ◽  
Sabrina S.M. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Shear Wave ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Shear Wave Velocity ◽  
Joint Stiffness ◽  
Muscle Stiffness

Mapping the relationships between joint stiffness, modeled muscle stiffness, and shear wave velocity

2020 ◽  
Vol 129 (3) ◽  
pp. 483-491
Author(s):  
Andrew D. Vigotsky ◽  
Elliott J. Rouse ◽  
Sabrina S. M. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Shear Wave ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Shear Wave Velocity ◽  
Joint Stiffness ◽  
Muscle Stiffness ◽  
Plantar Flexors ◽  
Velocity Changes ◽  
Exact Relationship

Shear wave velocity is commonly assessed to infer the muscular origins of changes in joint stiffness, but the exact relationship between shear wave velocity changes in muscle and joint stiffness changes remains unknown. Here, we systematically evaluated and quantified this relationship in the plantar flexors. Our results provide evidence for the ability of shear wave velocity to elucidate the muscular origins of joint stiffness changes.

Model-free quantification of shear wave velocity and attenuation in tissues and its in vivo application

2013 ◽  
Vol 134 (5) ◽  
pp. 4011-4011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Nenadic ◽  
Matthew W. Urban ◽  
Bo Qiang ◽  
Shigao Chen ◽  
James Greenleaf
Keyword(s):  
Shear Wave ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Shear Wave Velocity ◽  
Model Free ◽  
Free Quantification

No Association of Plantar Aponeurosis Stiffness with Medial Longitudinal Arch Stiffness

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroaki Noro ◽  
Naokazu Miyamoto ◽  
Naotoshi Mitsukawa ◽  
Toshio Yanagiya
Keyword(s):  
Shear Wave ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Shear Wave Velocity ◽  
Shear Wave Elastography ◽  
Medial Longitudinal Arch ◽  
Plantar Aponeurosis ◽  
Longitudinal Arch ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Young Subjects

AbstractLower stiffness of the medial longitudinal arch is reportedly a risk factor for lower leg disorders. The plantar aponeurosis is considered essential to maintaining the medial longitudinal arch. It is therefore expected that medial longitudinal arch stiffness is influenced by plantar aponeurosis stiffness. However, this has not been experimentally demonstrated. We examined the relationship between the plantar aponeurosis stiffness and medial longitudinal arch stiffness in humans in vivo. Thirty young subjects participated in this study. The navicular height and shear wave velocity (an index of stiffness) of the plantar aponeurosis were measured in supine and single-leg standing positions, using B-mode ultrasonography and shear wave elastography, respectively. The medial longitudinal arch stiffness was calculated based on body weight, foot length, and the difference in navicular height between the supine and single-leg standing conditions (i. e., navicular drop). Shear wave velocity of the plantar aponeurosis in the supine and single-leg standing positions was not significantly correlated to medial longitudinal arch stiffness (spine: r=−0.14, P=0.45 standing: r=−0.16, P=0.41). The findings suggest that the medial longitudinal arch stiffness would be strongly influenced by the stiffness of foot structures other than the plantar aponeurosis.

scholarly journals Axial Stress Provides a Lower Bound on Shear Wave Velocity in Active and Passive Muscle

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Bernabei ◽  
Sabrina S. M. Lee ◽  
Eric J. Perreault ◽  
Thomas G. Sandercock
Keyword(s):  
Shear Wave ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Shear Wave Velocity ◽  
Axial Stress ◽  
Muscle Length ◽  
Muscle Stiffness ◽  
Medial Gastrocnemius ◽  
Active Muscle ◽  
Muscle Stress ◽  
Stress Dependent

ABSTRACTUltrasound shear wave elastography can be used to characterize mechanical properties of unstressed tissue by measuring shear wave velocity (SWV), which increases with increasing tissue stiffness. Measurements of SWV have often been assumed to be directly related to the stiffness of muscle. Some have also used measures of SWV to estimate stress, since muscle stiffness and stress covary during active contractions. However, few have considered the direct influence of muscle stress on SWV, independent of the stress-dependent changes in muscle stiffness, even though it is well known that stress alters shear wave propagation. The objective of this study was to determine how well the theoretical dependency of SWV on stress can account for measured changes of SWV in passive and active muscle. Data were collected from six isoflurane-anesthetized cats; three soleus muscles and three medial gastrocnemius muscles. Muscle stress and stiffness were measured directly along with SWV. Measurements were made across a range of passively and actively generated stresses, obtained by varying muscle length and activation, which was controlled by stimulating the sciatic nerve. Our results show that SWV depends primarily on the stress in a passively stretched muscle. In contrast, the SWV in active muscle is higher than would be predicted by considering only stress, presumably due to activation-dependent changes in muscle stiffness. Our results demonstrate that while SWV is sensitive to changes in muscle stress and activation, there is not a unique relationship between SWV and either of these quantities when considered in isolation.

scholarly journals Human plantar fascial dimensions and shear wave velocity change in vivo as a function of ankle and metatarsophalangeal joint positions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroto Shiotani ◽  
Nana Maruyama ◽  
Keisuke Kurumisawa ◽  
Takaki Yamagishi ◽  
Yasuo Kawakami
Keyword(s):  
Shear Wave ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Shear Wave Velocity ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Plantar Flexion ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Proximal Site ◽  
Foot Arch ◽  
Slack Length

The plantar fascia (PF), a primary contributor of the foot arch elasticity, may experience slack, taut, and stretched states depending on the ankle and metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint positions. Since PF has proximodistal site-difference in its dimensions and stiffness, the response to applied tension can also be site-specific. Furthermore, PF can contribute to supporting the foot arch while being stretched beyond the slack length, but it has never been quantitatively evaluated in vivo. This study investigated the effects of ankle and MTP joint positions on PF length and localized thickness and shear wave velocity (SWV) at three different sites from its proximal to distal end using magnetic resonance and supersonic shear imaging techniques. During passive ankle dorsiflexion, rise of SWV, an indication of slack length, was observed at the proximal site when the ankle was positioned by 10˚-0˚ ankle plantar flexion with up to 3 mm (+1.5%) increase in PF length. On the other hand, SWV increased at the distal site when MTP joint dorsiflexed 40˚ with the ankle 30˚-20˚ plantar flexion, and in this position, PF was lengthened up to 4 mm (+2.3%). Beyond the slack length, SWV curvi-linearly increased at all measurement sites toward the maximal dorsiflexion angle while PF lengthened up to 9 mm (+7.6%) without measurable changes in its thickness. This study provides evidence that the dimensions and SWV of PF change in a site-specific manner depending on the ankle and MTP joint positions, which can diversify foot arch elasticity during human locomotion.

scholarly journals Shear wave velocity is sensitive to changes in muscle stiffness that occur independently from changes in force

2020 ◽  
Vol 128 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Bernabei ◽  
Sabrina S. M. Lee ◽  
Eric J. Perreault ◽  
Thomas G. Sandercock
Keyword(s):  
Shear Wave ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Shear Wave Velocity ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Muscle Stiffness ◽  
Ultrasound Elastography ◽  
Muscle Temperature ◽  
Contracting Muscle ◽  
Muscle Structure ◽  
Direct Measurements

Clinical assessments for many musculoskeletal disorders involve evaluation of muscle stiffness, although it is not yet possible to obtain quantitative estimates from individual muscles. Ultrasound elastography can be used to estimate the material properties of unstressed, homogeneous, and isotropic materials by tracking the speed of shear wave propagation; these waves propagate faster in stiffer materials. Although elastography has been applied to skeletal muscle, there is little evidence that shear wave velocity (SWV) can directly estimate muscle stiffness since this tissue violates many of the assumptions required for there to be a direct relationship between SWV and stiffness. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between SWV and direct measurements of muscle force and stiffness in contracting muscle. Data were collected from six isoflurane-anesthetized cats. We measured the short-range stiffness in the soleus via direct mechanical testing in situ and SWV via ultrasound imaging. Measurements were taken during supramaximal activation at optimum muscle length, with muscle temperature varying between 26°C and 38°C. An increase in temperature causes a decrease in muscle stiffness at a given force, thus decoupling the tension-stiffness relationship normally present in muscle. We found that increasing muscle temperature decreased active stiffness from 4.0 ± 0.3 MPa to 3.3 ± 0.3 MPa and SWV from 16.9 ± 1.5 m/s to 15.9 ± 1.6 m/s while force remained unchanged (mean ± SD). These results demonstrate that SWV is sensitive to changes in muscle stiffness during active contractions. Future work is needed to determine how this relationship is influenced by changes in muscle structure and tension. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Shear wave ultrasound elastography is a noninvasive tool for characterizing the material properties of muscle. This study is the first to compare direct measurements of stiffness with ultrasound measurements of shear wave velocity (SWV) in a contracting muscle. We found that SWV is sensitive to changes in muscle stiffness, even when controlling for muscle tension, another factor that influences SWV. These results are an important step toward developing noninvasive tools for characterizing muscle structure and function.

scholarly journals Calibrating a new attenuation curve for the Dead Sea region using surface wave dispersion surveys in sites damaged by the 1927 Jericho earthquake

Solid Earth ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 379-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaniv Darvasi ◽  
Amotz Agnon
Keyword(s):  
Shear Wave ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Shear Wave Velocity ◽  
Dead Sea ◽  
Attenuation Curve ◽  
Surface Wave Dispersion ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Moderate Seismicity ◽  
Local Point ◽  
The Dead

Abstract. Instrumental strong motion data are not common around the Dead Sea region. Therefore, calibrating a new attenuation equation is a considerable challenge. However, the Holy Land has a remarkable historical archive, attesting to numerous regional and local earthquakes. Combining the historical record with new seismic measurements will improve the regional equation. On 11 July 1927, a rupture, in the crust in proximity to the northern Dead Sea, generated a moderate 6.2 ML earthquake. Up to 500 people were killed, and extensive destruction was recorded, even as far as 150 km from the focus. We consider local near-surface properties, in particular, the shear-wave velocity, as an amplification factor. Where the shear-wave velocity is low, the seismic intensity far from the focus would likely be greater than expected from a standard attenuation curve. In this work, we used the multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW) method to estimate seismic wave velocity at anomalous sites in Israel in order to calibrate a new attenuation equation for the Dead Sea region. Our new attenuation equation contains a term which quantifies only lithological effects, while factors such as building quality, foundation depth, topography, earthquake directivity, type of fault, etc. remain out of our scope. Nonetheless, about 60 % of the measured anomalous sites fit expectations; therefore, this new ground-motion prediction equation (GMPE) is statistically better than the old ones. From our local point of view, this is the first time that integration of the 1927 historical data and modern shear-wave velocity profile measurements improved the attenuation equation (sometimes referred to as the attenuation relation) for the Dead Sea region. In the wider context, regions of low-to-moderate seismicity should use macroseismic earthquake data, together with modern measurements, in order to better estimate the peak ground acceleration or the seismic intensities to be caused by future earthquakes. This integration will conceivably lead to a better mitigation of damage from future earthquakes and should improve maps of seismic hazard.

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