Notice of Retraction: Diurnal Dynamic Characteristics of Soil Respiration and Environmental Controls during Winter in Urban Lawn Ecosystem, Northeast China

The change of litter input can affect soil respiration (Rs) by influencing the availability of soil organic carbon and nutrients, regulating soil microenvironments, thus resulting in a profound influence on soil carbon cycle of the forest ecosystem. We conducted an aboveground litterfall manipulation experiment in different-aged Betula platyphylla forests (25-, 40- and 61-year-old) of the permafrost region, located in the northeast of China, during May to October in 2018, with each stand treated with doubling litter (litter addition, DL), litter exclusion (no-litter, NL) and control litter (CK). Our results indicated that Rs decreased under NL treatment compared with CK treatment. The effect size lessened with the increase in the stand age; the greatest reduction was found for young Betula platyphylla forest (24.46% for 25-year-old stand) and tended to stabilize with the growth of forest with the reduction of 15.65% and 15.23% for 40-and 61- year-old stands, respectively. Meanwhile, under DL treatment, Rs increased by 27.38%, 23.83% and 23.58% on 25-, 40- and 61-year-old stands, respectively. Our results also showed that the increase caused by DL treatment was larger than the reduction caused by NL treatment, leading to a priming effect, especially on 40- and 61-year-old stands. The change in litter input was the principal factor affecting the change of Rs under litter manipulation. The soil temperature was also a main factor affecting the contribution rate of litter to Rs of different-aged stands, which had a significant positive exponential correlation with Rs. This suggests that there is a significant relationship between litter and Rs, which consequently influences the soil carbon cycle in Betula platyphylla forests of the permafrost region, Northeast China. Our finding indicated the increased litter enhanced the Rs in Betula platyphylla forest, which may consequently increase the carbon emission in a warming climate in the future. It is of great importance for future forest management in the permafrost region, Northeast China.

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Extreme rainfall impacts on soil CO2 efflux in an urban forest ecosystem in Beijing, China

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.1139/cjss-2016-0030 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 96 (4) ◽

pp. 504-514 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Wenjing Chen ◽

Xin Jia ◽

Chunyi Li ◽

Haiqun Yu ◽

Jing Xie ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soil Respiration ◽

Forest Ecosystem ◽

Urban Forest ◽

Extreme Rainfall ◽

Rainfall Event ◽

Extreme Rainfall Event ◽

Co2 Efflux ◽

Abrupt Decrease ◽

Environmental Controls ◽

Beijing China

Extreme rainfall events are infrequent disturbances that affect urban environments and soil respiration (Rs). Using data measured in an urban forest ecosystem in Beijing, China, we examined the link between gross primary production (GPP) and soil respiration on a diurnal scale during an extreme rainfall event (i.e., the “21 July 2012 event”), and we examined diel and seasonal environmental controls on Rs. Over the seasonal cycle, Rs increased exponentially with soil temperature (Ts). In addition, Rs was hyperbolically related to soil volumetric water content (VWC), increasing with VWC below a threshold of 0.17 m3 m−3, and then decreasing with further increases in VWC. Following the extreme rainfall event (177 mm), Rs showed an abrupt decrease and then maintained a low value of ∼0.3 μmol m−2 s−1 for about 8 h as soil VWC reached the field capacity (0.34 m3 m−3). Rs became decoupled from Ts and increased very slowly, while GPP showed a greater increase. A bivariate Q10-hyperbolical model, which incorporates both Ts and VWC effects, better fits Rs than the Q10 model in summer but not for whole year.

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Soil erosion affects variations of soil organic carbon and soil respiration along a slope in Northeast China

Ecological Processes ◽

10.1186/s13717-019-0184-6 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Tong Li ◽

Haicheng Zhang ◽

Xiaoyuan Wang ◽

Shulan Cheng ◽

Huajun Fang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soil Erosion ◽

Organic Carbon ◽

Soil Organic Carbon ◽

Soil Respiration ◽

Northeast China

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Contribution of Root Respiration to Total Soil Respiration in a Leymus chinensis (Trin.) Tzvel. Grassland of Northeast China

Journal of Integrative Plant Biology ◽

10.1111/j.1744-7909.2006.00241.x ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 48 (4) ◽

pp. 409-414 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Wei Wang ◽

Ji-Xun Guo ◽

Jiang Feng ◽

Takehisa Oikawa

Keyword(s):

Soil Respiration ◽

Northeast China ◽

Root Respiration ◽

Leymus Chinensis ◽

Total Soil ◽

Total Soil Respiration

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Dynamic characteristics of soil respiration in Yellow River Delta wetlands, China

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth Parts A/B/C ◽

10.1016/j.pce.2017.06.008 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 103 ◽

pp. 11-18 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Xiao Wang ◽

Xianxiang Luo ◽

Hongli Jia ◽

Hao Zheng

Keyword(s):

Soil Respiration ◽

Dynamic Characteristics ◽

Yellow River ◽

Yellow River Delta ◽

River Delta

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Edaphic and environmental controls of soil respiration and related soil processes under two contrasting manuka and kanuka shrubland stands in North Island, New Zealand

Soil Research ◽

10.1071/sr12248 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 51 (5) ◽

pp. 390 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

C. B. Hedley ◽

S. M. Lambie ◽

J. L. Dando

Keyword(s):

Nitrous Oxide ◽

New Zealand ◽

Soil Respiration ◽

Respiration Rate ◽

Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽

Volcanic Soil ◽

Mineral N ◽

Organic C ◽

Respiration Rates ◽

Environmental Controls

The conversion of marginal pastoral land in New Zealand to higher biomass shrubland consisting of manuka (Leptospermum scoparium) and kanuka (Kunzea ericoides var. ericoides) offers opportunity for carbon (C) sequestration, with potential co-benefits of soil erosion control. We therefore selected two areas with different soils in different climatic regions to investigate and compare soil respiration rates, methane and nitrous oxide emission profiles, and key carbon exchange processes controlling carbon sequestration. In addition, two shrubland stands of different ages were selected in each area, providing four sites in total. Regular (almost monthly) soil respiration measurements were made over a 2-year period, with less frequent methane and nitrous oxide flux measurements, and soil sampling once at the end of the study. The cooler, wetter volcanic soils had higher total organic C (6.39 ± 0.12% v. 5.51 ± 0.17%), soil C : nitrogen (N) ratios (20.55 ± 0.20 v. 18.45 ± 0.23), and slightly lower mineral N (3.30 ± 0.74 v. 4.89 ± 0.57 mg/kg) and microbial biomass C (1131 ± 108 v. 1502 ± 37 mg/kg) than the more drought-prone, stony, sedimentary soils. Mineral-N contents at all sites indicated N-limited ecosystems for allocation of below- and above-ground C. The estimated mean annual cumulative respiration rate recorded in the volcanic soil was 10.26 ± 7.45 t CO2-C/ha.year compared with 9.85 ± 8.63 t CO2-C/ha.year in the stony sedimentary soil for the 2 years of our study. Older shrubland stands had higher respiration rates than younger stands in both study areas. Methane oxidation was estimated to be higher in the volcanic soil (4.10 ± 2.13 kg CH4-C/ha.year) than the sedimentary soil sites (2.51 ± 2.48 kg CH4-C/ha.year). The measured natural background levels of nitrous oxide emissions from these shrubland soils ranged between negligible and 0.30 ± 0.20 kg N2O-N/ha.year. A strong climatic control (temperature and moisture) on gas fluxes was observed at all sites. Our sampling strategy at each of the four sites was to estimate the mean soil respiration rates (n = 25) from an 8 by 8 m sampling grid positioned into a representative location. Soil respiration rates were also measured (by additional, less frequent sampling) in two adjacent grids (1-m offset and 100-m distant grid) to test the validity of these representative mean values. The 1-m offset grid (n = 25) provided a statistically different soil respiration rate from the main grid (n = 25) in 25% of the 12 sampling events. The 100-m grid (n = 25) provided a statistically different respiration rate to the main grid in 38% of the 26 sampling events. These differences are attributed to the spatially variable and sporadic nature of gaseous emissions from soils. The grid analysis tested the prediction uncertainty and it provides evidence for strong spatial and temporal control by edaphic processes in micro-sites. A partial least-squares regression model was used to relate the 2009 annual cumulative soil respiration to site-specific edaphic characteristics, i.e. biomass, nutrient availability, porosity and bulk density, measured at the end of that year. The model explained ≥80% of the variance at three of the four sites.

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