In response to multiple derailments involving hazmat trains, in early February 2020 Transport Canada released ministerial order (MO) 20-02, imposing speed restrictions of 20 to 25 mph on trains transporting a sufficient quantity of hazardous material. Since much of the North American freight network is used by multiple train types, the extreme speed heterogeneity created by this mandate substantially reduced train performance. Although this order was replaced within 2 weeks by new speed restrictions that were in turn replaced in May, MO 20-02 introduced the most extreme levels of train speed heterogeneity. The research team investigated the corresponding capacity effects to better understand the effects of train speed heterogeneity at low speed and inform agencies on future speed restrictions in this range. Using Rail Traffic Controller and General Train Movement Simulator, we quantitatively investigated the capacity loss from these speed restrictions and found that MO 20-02 can double or triple average train delay and lead to mainline capacity loss in excess of 60% on a representative single-track mainline.
The ‘Architect-friendliness’ Of Six Building Performance Simulation Tools: A Comparative Study
