A Discussion on “Pythagorean fuzzy AHP based risk assessment methodology for hazardous material transportation: an application in Istanbul”

Ayyildiz et al. (Environmental Science and Pollution Research (2021), 1-13) pointed out that it is important to identify and minimize the critical risks in the transportation of hazardous material. For the same, Ayyildiz et al. proposed an effective integrated decision-making methodology by combining the Modified Delphi Method (MDM) and Pythagorean fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (PF-AHP). In this integrated methodology, PF-AHP method is utilized to obtain weights of main and sub-risk factors in order to rank these factors. In Step 5 of PF-AHP method an interval valued Pythagorean fuzzy pairwise comparison matrix is transformed into a crisp matrix and then crisp AHP is applied to obtain the normalized weights from the transformed crisp matrix. It is quite evident that the crisp AHP is used only for crisp pairwise comparison matrix. However, after a deep study, it is observed that the transformed crisp matrix, obtained on applying the steps of Ayyildiz et al. methodology, violates the reciprocal propriety of pairwise comparison matrix. Therefore, to apply crisp AHP on the transformed crisp matrix is mathematically incorrect and will lead to problematic decision-making approach. Hence, may result in a heavy loss in any value-added model such as hazardous material transportation problems. Therefore, the Ayyildiz et al. methodology is not valid in its present form and cannot be used to find the solution of such type of real-life problem. Keeping the same in mind, the focus of this discussion is to make the researchers aware about these mathematical incorrect assumptions and the necessary modification is suggested.

Discharge and atmospheric dispersion modelling in case of hazardous material releases

One of the most important tools for improving the OHS level in process industries is represented by risk analysis and assessment. Within industrial units in operation or in the ones which find themselves in the design phase, risk assessment is carried out for determining the hazards which may occur and which may lead to unwanted events, such as hazardous toxic releases, fires and explosions. Accidental releases of toxic/flammable/explosive substances may have serious consequences on workers or on the neighbouring population, therefore the need to establish safety areas based on best practices in the field and on scientific grounds is fully justified. Pressure tanks containing hazardous materials represent one of the most relevant industrial facilities within process plants, being most of the time exposed to hazardous toxic releases, fire and explosion risks. The current study aims to evaluate the consequences and discuss the safety distances required in case of an accidental release of a hazardous material from a tank located within a process plant, using process analysis software tools. Accident scenarios are modelled for comparison purposes with consequence modelling software widely used in safety engineering.

Pemidanaan Terhadap Pelaku Penangkapan Ikan dengan Penggunaan Bahan Peledak

The fishing that is carried out will have a bad effect on the marine ecosystem, but great benefits can be obtained for the fishermen. Catching fish using explosives is a criminal act in the field of fisheries and such actions may be subject to sanctions as regulated in Law Number 45 of 2009 concerning Fisheries and the Emergency Law on firearms. This study examines legal arrangements regarding the use of explosives in fishing and reveals criminal sanctions against perpetrators of catching fish with the use of explosives. The method used is normative legal research with a statutory approach. The data sources used are primary and secondary data obtained through recording and documentation techniques, then the data is processed by legal interpretation. The results of the study revealed that the legal rules regarding fishing carried out using a hazardous material or explosives have been regulated in Law Number 45 of 2009 concerning Fisheries and the Emergency Law concerning explosives and firearms. Criminal sanctions that can be applied to perpetrators are regulated in Article 84 paragraph (1) to paragraph (4) of Law Number 45 of 2009 concerning Fisheries.

Pengelolaan Limbah Alat Pelindung Diri (APD) di Daerah Jakarta Barat Berbasis Smart Infectious Waste Bank (SIWAB)

Pandemi COVID-19 yang melanda dunia mengharuskan masyarakat untuk melindungi diri dari penularan penyakit melalui penggunaan alat pelindung diri (APD). APD dari COVID-19 seperti masker bedah (surgery mask), sarung tangan, pakaian dekontaminasi (hazardous material suit), dan pelindung wajah (face shield) sebagian besar terbuat dari plastik dan kebutuhannya meningkat tajam. Namun, limbah APD tidak dipahami masyarakat sebagai limbah B3 infeksius sehingga sering dicampur pembuangannya bersama dengan limbah domestik. Kondisi tersebut dapat ditemukan pada seluruh lokasi di Indonesia, terutama Daerah Khusus Ibukota (DKI) Jakarta. Berdasarkan laporan Dinas Lingkungan Hidup DKI Jakarta, penghasil limbah APD domestik tertinggi berada di daerah Jakarta Barat. Melalui penelitian dilakukan pengelolaan limbah APD di daerah Jakarta Barat berbasis Smart Infectious Waste Bank (SIWAB). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh timbulan limbah APD yang berasal dari rumah tangga dan merancang bank sampah yang didukung oleh teknologi digital (aplikasi) sebagai sarana pengelolaan limbah APD. Penelitian diawali dengan studi pendahuluan timbulan limbah APD beserta karakteristiknya dan dilanjutkan dengan perancangan SIWAB. Hasil penelitian berupa aplikasi SIWAB yang terintegrasi dengan smartphone. Penelitian ini akan memberikan kontribusi besar kepada pemerintah Jakarta Barat dalam pengelolaan limbah B3 infeksius khususnya dan Indonesia umumnya.ABSTRACTThe COVID-19 pandemic that surge the world, requires people to protect themselves from the transmission of disease by using Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). The COVID-19 PPE, such as surgery masks, gloves, hazardous material suits, and face shields, are mostly made of plastic and the need for procurement is increasing. However, the community does not understand the PPE waste as infectious hazardous waste, so often it mixed with domestic waste. This condition can be found in all regions of Indonesia, especially the Special Capital Region of Jakarta. Based on a report from the Jakarta Environment Agency, the highest producer of domestic PPE waste is in the West Jakarta. Through this research, PPE waste management was carried out in the West Jakarta area based on the smart infectious waste bank (SIWAB). This study aims to obtain PPE waste generation from household and to design a waste bank that is supported by digital technology (application) as a means of PPE waste management. The research begins with a preliminary study of the generation of PPE waste and its characteristics and next designing an SIWAB application. The research result is a SIWAB application that is integrated with smartphone. This research will make a major contribution to the West Jakarta government in managing Toxic and Hazardous Materials (THM) infectious waste and Indonesia in general.