Threshold excitations of sensory and motor nerves using different biphasic pulse bursts

1988 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Kantor ◽  
G. Alon ◽  
H.S. Ho
Keyword(s):  
Biphasic Pulse ◽  
Motor Nerves

Questions and Answers

2000 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-3
Author(s):  
Christopher R. Brigham ◽  
James B. Talmage
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Spinal Nerve ◽  
Sensory Loss ◽  
Residual Symptoms ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Questions And Answers ◽  
Motor Nerves ◽  
Symptoms And Signs ◽  
Limited Motion

Abstract Lesions of the peripheral nervous system (PNS), whether due to injury or illness, commonly result in residual symptoms and signs and, hence, permanent impairment. The AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides) describes procedures for rating upper extremity neural deficits in Chapter 3, The Musculoskeletal System, section 3.1k; Chapter 4, The Nervous System, section 4.4 provides additional information and an example. The AMA Guides also divides PNS deficits into sensory and motor and includes pain within the former. The impairment estimates take into account typical manifestations such as limited motion, atrophy, and reflex, trophic, and vasomotor deficits. Lesions of the peripheral nervous system may result in diminished sensation (anesthesia or hypesthesia), abnormal sensation (dysesthesia or paresthesia), or increased sensation (hyperesthesia). Lesions of motor nerves can result in weakness or paralysis of the muscles innervated. Spinal nerve deficits are identified by sensory loss or pain in the dermatome or weakness in the myotome supplied. The steps in estimating brachial plexus impairment are similar to those for spinal and peripheral nerves. Evaluators should take care not to rate the same impairment twice, eg, rating weakness resulting from a peripheral nerve injury and the joss of joint motion due to that weakness.

When Motor Nerves Die

1983 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 540
Author(s):  
Angela C. Lenox
Keyword(s):  
Motor Nerves

Polyglucosan bodies in intramuscular motor nerves

1989 ◽  
Vol 77 (6) ◽  
pp. 629-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. J. A. M. Bernsen ◽  
H. L. S. M. Busard ◽  
H. J. Ter Laak ◽  
F. J. M. Gabreëls ◽  
W. O. Renier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polyglucosan Bodies ◽  
Motor Nerves

Differential Involvement of Projection Neurons During Emergence of Spontaneous Activity in the Developing Avian Hindbrain

2009 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 591-602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiraku Mochida ◽  
Gilles Fortin ◽  
Jean Champagnat ◽  
Joel C. Glover
Keyword(s):  
Spontaneous Activity ◽  
Projection Neuron ◽  
Projection Neurons ◽  
Charge Coupled Device ◽  
Neuron Populations ◽  
Motor Nerves ◽  
Differential Involvement ◽  
A Charge ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Calcium Green

To better characterize the emergence of spontaneous neuronal activity in the developing hindbrain, spontaneous activity was recorded optically from defined projection neuron populations in isolated preparations of the brain stem of the chicken embryo. Ipsilaterally projecting reticulospinal (RS) neurons and several groups of vestibuloocular (VO) neurons were labeled retrogradely with Calcium Green-1 dextran amine and spontaneous calcium transients were recorded using a charge-coupled-device camera mounted on a fluorescence microscope. Simultaneous extracellular recordings were made from one of the trigeminal motor nerves (nV) to register the occurrence of spontaneous synchronous bursts of activity. Two types of spontaneous activity were observed: synchronous events (SEs), which occurred in register with spontaneous bursts in nV once every few minutes and were tetrodotoxin (TTX) dependent, and asynchronous events (AEs), which occurred in the intervals between SEs and were TTX resistant. AEs occurred developmentally before SEs and were in general smaller and more variable in amplitude than SEs. SEs appeared at the same stage as nV bursts early on embryonic day 4, first in RS neurons and then in VO neurons. All RS neurons participated equally in SEs from the outset, whereas different subpopulations of VO neurons participated differentially, both in terms of the proportion of neurons that exhibited SEs, the fidelity with which the SEs in individual neurons followed the nV bursts, and the developmental stage at which SEs appeared and matured. The results show that spontaneous activity is expressed heterogeneously among hindbrain projection neuron populations, suggesting its differential involvement in the formation of different functional neuronal circuits.

Muscle Fibers in Regenerating Crayfish Motor Nerves

1997 ◽  
Vol 78 (6) ◽  
pp. 3498-3501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne Pearce ◽  
Kristin M. Krause ◽  
C. K. Govind
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Satellite Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Axon Regeneration ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Nerve Terminals ◽  
Motor Axons ◽  
The Third ◽  
Motor Nerves ◽  
Regenerating Nerve

Pearce, Joanne, Kristin M. Krause, and C. K. Govind. Muscle fibers in regenerating crayfish motor nerves. J. Neurophysiol. 78: 3498–3501, 1997. Single discrete muscle fibers were found in regenerating motor nerves in adult crayfish. The regenerating nerves were from native or transplanted ganglia in the third abdominal segments and consisted of several motor axons. The proximal end of these motor axons showed numerous sprouts. Muscle fibers in these regenerating nerves appeared newly developed and were innervated by excitatory nerve terminals. A likely source of these novel muscle fibers may be blood cells in the nerve or satellite cells from neighboring muscle. Contacts made by axon sprouts with other axon sprouts, glia, and muscle fiber, in the form of a dense bar with clustered clear vesicles, characterized the regenerating nerve. These contacts may provide a possible signaling pathway for axon regeneration and myogenesis.

The Brain as Treasury and as Aqueduct

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 542-566
Author(s):  
Jessica Wright
Keyword(s):  
Fifth Century ◽  
The Body ◽  
Late Antique ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
Motor Nerves ◽  
Architectural Structures ◽  
A Site ◽  
The City ◽  
The Brain

In late antique theological texts, metaphors of the brain were useful tools for talking about forms of governance: cosmic, political, and domestic; failed and successful; interior discipline and social control. These metaphors were grounded in a common philosophical analogy between the body and the city, and were also supported by the ancient medical concept of the brain as the source of the sensory and motor nerves. Often the brain was imagined as a monarch or civic official, governing the body from the head as from an acropolis or royal house. This article examines two unconventional metaphors of the brain in the work of the fifth-century Greco-Syrian bishop Theodoret of Cyrrhus—the brain as a treasure within the acropolis, and the brain as a node in an urban aqueduct—both of which adapt the structural metaphor of governance to reflect the changing political and economic circumstances of imperial Christianity. Drawing upon medical theories of the brain, Theodoret expands upon the conventional governance metaphor of brain function to encompass the economic and the spiritual responsibilities of the bishop-administrator. Just as architectural structures (acropolis, aqueduct) contain and distribute valuable resources (treasure, water) within the city, so the brain accumulates and redistributes nourishing substances (marrow, blood, pneuma) within the body; and just as the brain functions as a site for the transformation of material resources (body) into spiritual goods (mind), so the bishop stands as a point of mediation between earthly wealth and the treasures of heaven.

scholarly journals Bilateral Anatomical Variation in the Formation of Trunks of the Brachial Plexus - A Case Report

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (01) ◽  
pp. 9-13
Author(s):  
E. Lasch ◽  
M. Nazer ◽  
L. Bartholdy
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Anatomical Variation ◽  
Male Cadaver ◽  
Motor Nerves ◽  
The Right

AbstractThis study presents a bilateral variation in the formation of trunks of brachial plexus in a male cadaver. The right brachial plexus was composed of six roots (C4-T1) and the left brachial plexus of five roots (C5-T1). Both formed four trunks thus changing the contributions of the anterior divisions of the cervical nerves involved in the formation of the cords and the five main somatic motor nerves for the upper limb. There are very few case reports in the scientific literature on this topic; thus making the present study very relevant.

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