Development of a system for finding best electrode position for myoelectric hand control for derating of upper limb amputee

Recently, there has been an increasing interest in upper limb prosthetic hand control, but most of these studies focused on the detection of exact motion intentions. Few results have been reported on the perturbation resistance of prostheses, which is extremely important for their uses in daily life. Understanding the human upper limb reflexive mechanism would provide an efficient solution to improve the perturbation resistance of prostheses. In this study, upper limb reflexive responses to force perturbation were measured in the conditions as determined from activities of daily living. Specifically, not only muscle activities, but also joint angle changes of the reflexive responses to multi-direction, multi-site perturbation during a reaching motion were recorded and analyzed. Results showed a direction-dependency of the upper limb reflexive mechanism and the different roles of shoulder, elbow, and wrist during the responses. The results could be applied to the control system of prosthetic devices for improving their perturbation resistance.

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The prosthetic treatment of upper limb deficiency

Prosthetics and Orthotics International ◽

10.3109/03093649109164638 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 82-87 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

B. Curran ◽

R. Hambrey

Keyword(s):

Upper Limb ◽

Occupational Therapist ◽

Alternative Methods ◽

Early Age ◽

Training Methods ◽

Hand Control ◽

Limb Deficiency

The provision of prostheses for children with upper limb deficiency starts at an early age. The roles of the occupational therapist and prosthetist in this programme are described. Casting and fitting techniques applicable to transverse forearm loss and aspects of myoelectric hand prostheses are included. An outline of training methods as related to both parent and child is explained. Higher levels of limb deficiency are covered briefly and the use of alternative methods of electric hand control is included. Finally, a brief summary of distal deficiency is discussed.

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Spinal stretch reflexes support efficient control of reaching

Journal of Neurophysiology ◽

10.1152/jn.00487.2020 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 125 (4) ◽

pp. 1339-1347

Author(s):

Jeffrey Weiler ◽

Paul L. Gribble ◽

J. Andrew Pruszynski

Keyword(s):

Upper Limb ◽

Stretch Reflexes ◽

Reflex Responses ◽

Hand Control ◽

Efficient Control

We have previously shown that spinal circuits can rapidly generate reflex responses that efficiently engage multiple joints to support postural hand control of the upper limb. Here, we show that spinal circuits can also rapidly generate such efficient responses during reaching actions.

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Recruitment of Upper-Limb Motoneurons with Epidural Electrical Stimulation of the Primate Cervical Spinal Cord

10.1101/2020.02.17.952796 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Nathan Greiner ◽

Beatrice Barra ◽

Giuseppe Schiavone ◽

Nicholas James ◽

Florian Fallegger ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Electrical Stimulation ◽

Motor Control ◽

Upper Limb ◽

Cervical Spinal Cord ◽

Target Individual ◽

Cord Injury ◽

Hand Control ◽

Cervical Stimulation ◽

Stimulation Of

ABSTRACTEpidural electrical stimulation (EES) of lumbosacral sensorimotor circuits improves leg motor control in animals and humans with spinal cord injury (SCI). Upper-limb motor control involves similar circuits, located in the cervical spinal cord, suggesting that EES could also improve arm and hand movements after quadriplegia. However, the ability of cervical EES to selectively modulate specific upper-limb motor nuclei remains unclear. Here, we combined a realistic computational model of EES of the cervical spinal cord with experiments in macaque monkeys to explore the mechanisms of this modulation and characterize the recruitment selectivity of cervical stimulation interfaces. Our results indicate that interfaces with lateral electrodes can target individual posterior roots and achieve selective modulation of arm motoneurons via the direct recruitment of pre-synaptic pathways. Intraoperative recordings suggested similar properties in humans. These results provide a framework for the design of neuro-technologies to improve arm and hand control in humans with quadriplegia.

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Recruitment of upper-limb motoneurons with epidural electrical stimulation of the cervical spinal cord

Nature Communications ◽

10.1038/s41467-020-20703-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Nathan Greiner ◽

Beatrice Barra ◽

Giuseppe Schiavone ◽

Henri Lorach ◽

Nicholas James ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Electrical Stimulation ◽

Motor Control ◽

Upper Limb ◽

Cervical Spinal Cord ◽

Sensory Afferents ◽

Cord Injury ◽

Hand Control ◽

Muscle Responses ◽

Stimulation Of

AbstractEpidural electrical stimulation (EES) of lumbosacral sensorimotor circuits improves leg motor control in animals and humans with spinal cord injury (SCI). Upper-limb motor control involves similar circuits, located in the cervical spinal cord, suggesting that EES could also improve arm and hand movements after quadriplegia. However, the ability of cervical EES to selectively modulate specific upper-limb motor nuclei remains unclear. Here, we combined a computational model of the cervical spinal cord with experiments in macaque monkeys to explore the mechanisms of upper-limb motoneuron recruitment with EES and characterize the selectivity of cervical interfaces. We show that lateral electrodes produce a segmental recruitment of arm motoneurons mediated by the direct activation of sensory afferents, and that muscle responses to EES are modulated during movement. Intraoperative recordings suggested similar properties in humans at rest. These modelling and experimental results can be applied for the development of neurotechnologies designed for the improvement of arm and hand control in humans with quadriplegia.

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Multifingered dextrous robotics hand design and control: a review

Robotica ◽

10.1017/s0263574799001836 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 17 (6) ◽

pp. 661-674 ◽

Cited By ~ 73

Author(s):

J.L. Pons ◽

R. Ceres ◽

F. Pfeiffer

Keyword(s):

Upper Limb ◽

Multifingered Hands ◽

Hand Control ◽

And Control ◽

Dextrous Hand ◽

Upper Limb Prosthetics

During the last two decades a large amount of effort and attention has been paid to the problem of designing and controlling dextrous robotics hands. The possible application background ranges from telerobotics to upper limb prosthetics, while actual industrial developments are mainly limited to specific grippers and tools. Classical problems related to dextrous hand design are kinematics of multifingered hands, development of proper actuation technologies and redundant tendinous systems for transmission. As far as hand control is concerned, grasp preshaping, planning and synthesis are of major concern, while sensor guided hand operation is still a matter of research. The present work reviews the above mentioned hand design and control issues trying to throw some light on the Babel-like confusion encountered when looking at present literature on dextrous hand design and specially control. Most actuation and transmission technologies, as well as control approaches, are studied and classified.

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Influence of the upper limb motor deficit on the functional independence in patients with cerebral palsy

Medicina Moderna - Modern Medicine ◽

10.31689/rmm.2021.28.1.77 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 28 (1) ◽

pp. 77-82

Author(s):

Corina SPOREA ◽

◽

Dumitru FERECHIDE ◽

Keyword(s):

Upper Limb ◽

Functional Independence Measure ◽

Movement Control ◽

Functional Independence ◽

Negative Influence ◽

Motor Deficit ◽

Wrist Flexion ◽

Hand Control ◽

Bilateral Training ◽

Time Lead

Cerebral palsies (CPs) disturb the voluntary movement control at extremities’ level, entailing various disability degrees. In over 80% of the CP cases there is an upper limb disorder, mainly manifested by the decrease in hand control and the presence of contractures, which, in time, lead to the adoption of abnormal postures which affect the abilities of the CP patients’ hands. The aim of this study was to identify the way the motor deficit at upper limb level – reflected by coordination disturbances and by the condition of the three fingered (tripod) grasp – influences the CP patient’s functional independence. The study demonstrated the existence of significant correlations between Functional Independence Measure (FIM) score, coordination and three fingered grasp. It was proven that the unilateral coordination dysfunctions have a strong negative influence on the coordination of the opposite side and lead to a decrease of the functional independence level. Therefore, the rehabilitation treatment is recommended to be based on a bilateral training, both in order to improve coordination and to obtain a functional level of the three fingered grasp power and of the physiological amplitude at wrist flexion level.

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Reflex Responses in Upper Limb Muscles to Cutaneous Stimuli

Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques ◽

10.1017/s0317167100048174 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 20 (04) ◽

pp. 271-278 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

R. Chen

Keyword(s):

Stimulus Intensity ◽

Upper Limb ◽

Healthy Subjects ◽

Voluntary Contraction ◽

Cutaneous Reflexes ◽

Focal Lesions ◽

Normal Ranges ◽

Conduction Velocities ◽

Limb Muscles ◽

Biphasic Responses

ABSTRACT:Cutaneous reflexes in the upper limb were elicited by stimulating digital nerves and recorded by averaging rectified EMG from proximal and distal upper limb muscles during voluntary contraction. Distal muscles often showed a triphasic response: an inhibition with onset about 50 ms (Il) followed by a facilitation with onset about 60 ms (E2) followed by another inhibition with onset about 80 ms (12). Proximal muscles generally showed biphasic responses beginning with facilitation or inhibition with onset at about 40 ms. Normal ranges for the amplitude of these components were established from recordings on 22 arms of 11 healthy subjects. An attempt was made to determine the alterent fibers responsible for the various components by varying the stimulus intensity, by causing ischemic block of larger fibers and by estimating the afferent conduction velocities. The central pathways mediating these reflexes were examined by estimating central delays and by studying patients with focal lesions

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