Mechanism for Asian dust transport during blocking episode days in east Asia and North America in spring 2001

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.K. Kim ◽  
H.W. Lee ◽  
Y.S. Moon ◽  
K. Strong ◽  
Y.K. Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Asian Dust ◽  
Dust Transport

scholarly journals Large Asian dust layers continuously reached North America in April 2010

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 7333-7341 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Uno ◽  
K. Eguchi ◽  
K. Yumimoto ◽  
Z. Liu ◽  
Y. Hara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
North America ◽  
Asian Dust ◽  
Northwestern China ◽  
Central Pacific ◽  
Pressure System ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Dust Transport ◽  
Aerosol Model ◽  
Central Pacific Ocean

Abstract. The NASA space-borne Mie-lidar system CALIPSO/CALIOP revealed that multiple large Asian dust layers with a horizontal scale of 2000–3000 km reached North America, occupying the full troposphere, in April 2010. This kind of dust layer transport has not been reported before. Our analysis of CALIOP data and global aerosol model results revealed that frequent dust emissions occurred in northwestern China because of stronger-than-average near-surface winds, and that strong stable westerly winds carried the Asian dust from northwestern China to the central Pacific Ocean. A negative pressure anomaly was located in the eastern Pacific Ocean, and the main dust transport path was split into two branches: a northern path and a southern path over North America. Northern-path dust was trapped and stagnant for a longer time than southern path dust and finally subsided under a high-pressure system. Dust along the southern path reached the central US. These complex conditions resulted in a multi-layered structure of dust over North America.

scholarly journals Trans-pacific dust transport: integrated analysis of NASA/CALIPSO and a global aerosol transport model

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 3137-3145 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Eguchi ◽  
I. Uno ◽  
K. Yumimoto ◽  
T. Takemura ◽  
A. Shimizu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Dust Storm ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Asian Dust ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Gobi Desert ◽  
Taklimakan Desert ◽  
Dust Layer ◽  
Dust Transport ◽  
The Taklimakan Desert

Abstract. Detailed 3-D structures of Trans-Pacific Asian dust transport occurring during 5–15 May 2007 were investigated using the NASA/CALIOP vertical-resolved measurements and a three-dimensional aerosol model (SPRINTARS). Both CALIOP and SPRINTARS dust extinctions showed a good agreement along the way of the transport from the dust source regions across North Pacific into North America. A vertically two-layered dust distribution was observed over the northeastern Pacific and North America. The lower dust layer originated from a dust storm generated in the Gobi Desert on 5 May. It was transported at an altitude of around 4 km MSL and has mixed with Asian anthropogenic air pollutants during the course of transport. The upper dust layer mainly originated from a dust storm that occurred in the Taklimakan Desert 2–3 days after the Gobi dust storm generation. The upper dust cloud was transported in higher altitudes above the major clouds layer during the Trans-Pacific transport. It therefore has remained unmixed with the Asian air pollutants and almost unaffected by wet removal. The decay of its concentration level was small (only one-half after its long-distance transport crossing the Pacific). Our dust budget analysis revealed that the Asian dust flux passing through the longitude plane of 140° E was 2.1 Tg, and one third of that arrived North America. The cases analyzed in this study revealed that, while the Gobi Desert is an important source that can contribute to the long-range dust transport, the Taklimakan Desert appears to be another important source that can contribute to the dust transport occurring particularly at high altitudes.

scholarly journals Trans-Pacific dust transport: integrated analysis of NASA/CALIPSO and a global aerosol transport model

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 4013-4034 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Eguchi ◽  
I. Uno ◽  
K. Yumimoto ◽  
T. Takemura ◽  
A. Shimizu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Dust Storm ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Asian Dust ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Gobi Desert ◽  
Taklimakan Desert ◽  
Dust Layer ◽  
Dust Transport ◽  
The Taklimakan Desert

Abstract. Detailed 3-D structures of Trans-Pacific Asian dust transport occurring during 5–15 May 2007 were investigated using the NASA/CALIOP vertical-resolved measurements and a three-dimensional aerosol model (SPRINTARS). Both CALIOP and SPRINTARS dust extinctions showed a good agreement along the way of the transport from the dust source regions across North Pacific into North America. A vertically two-layered dust distribution was observed over the northeastern Pacific and North America. The lower dust layer originated from a dust storm generated in the Gobi Desert on 5 May. It was transported at an altitude of around 4 km MSL and has mixed with Asian anthropogenic air pollutants during the course of transport. The upper dust layer mainly originated from a dust storm that occurred in the Taklimakan Desert 2–3 days after the Gobi dust storm generation. The upper dust cloud was transported in higher altitudes above the major clouds layer during the Trans-Pacific transport. It therefore has remained unmixed with the Asian air pollutants and almost unaffected by wet removal. The decay of its concentration level was small (only one-half after its long-distance transport crossing the Pacific). Our dust budget analysis revealed that the Asian dust flux passing through the longitude plane of 140° E was 2.1 Tg, and one third of that arrived North America. The cases analyzed in this study revealed that, while the Gobi Desert is an important source that can contribute to the long-range dust transport, the Taklimakan Desert appears to be another important source that can contribute to the dust transport occurring particularly at high altitudes.

scholarly journals Large Asian dust layers continuously reached North America in April 2010

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 12251-12268
Author(s):  
I. Uno ◽  
K. Eguchi ◽  
K. Yumimoto ◽  
Z. Liu ◽  
Y. Hara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
North America ◽  
Asian Dust ◽  
Northwestern China ◽  
Central Pacific ◽  
Pressure System ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Dust Transport ◽  
Aerosol Model ◽  
Central Pacific Ocean

Abstract. The NASA space-borne Mie-lidar system CALIPSO/CALIOP revealed that multiple large Asian dust layers with a horizontal scale of 2000–3000 km reached North America, occupying the full troposphere, in April 2010. This kind of dust layer transport has not been reported before. Our analysis of CALIOP data and global aerosol model results revealed that frequent dust emissions occurred in northwestern China because of stronger-than-average near-surface winds, and that strong stable westerly winds carried the Asian dust from northwestern China to the central Pacific Ocean. A negative pressure anomaly was located in the eastern Pacific Ocean, and the main dust transport path was split into two branches: a northern path and a southern path over North America. Northern-path dust was trapped and stagnant for a longer time than southern path dust and finally subsided under a high pressure system. Dust along the southern path reached the central US. These complex conditions resulted in a multi-layered structure of dust over North America.

A Simulated Climatology of Asian Dust Aerosol and Its Trans-Pacific Transport. Part I: Mean Climate and Validation

2006 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. L. Zhao ◽  
S. L. Gong ◽  
X. Y. Zhang ◽  
J-P. Blanchet ◽  
I. G. McKendry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Dry Deposition ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Asian Dust ◽  
Dust Aerosol ◽  
Western North America ◽  
The North ◽  
Source Regions ◽  
Aerosol Emission

Abstract The Northern Aerosol Regional Climate Model (NARCM) was used to construct a 44-yr climatology of spring Asian dust aerosol emission, column loading, deposition, trans-Pacific transport routes, and budgets during 1960–2003. Comparisons with available ground dust observations and Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) Aerosol Index (AI) measurements verified that NARCM captured most of the climatological characteristics of the spatial and temporal distributions, as well as the interannual and daily variations of Asian dust aerosol during those 44 yr. Results demonstrated again that the deserts in Mongolia and in western and northern China (mainly the Taklimakan and Badain Juran, respectively) were the major sources of Asian dust aerosol in East Asia. The dust storms in spring occurred most frequently from early April to early May with a daily averaged dust emission (diameter d < 41 μm) of 1.58 Mt in April and 1.36 Mt in May. Asian dust aerosol contributed most of the dust aerosol loading in the troposphere over the midlatitude regions from East Asia to western North America during springtime. Climatologically, dry deposition was a dominant dust removal process near the source areas, while the removal of dust particles by precipitation was the major process over the trans-Pacific transport pathway (where wet deposition exceeded dry deposition up to a factor of 20). The regional transport of Asian dust aerosol over the Asian subcontinent was entrained to an elevation of <3 km. The frontal cyclone in Mongolia and northern China uplifted dust aerosol in the free troposphere for trans-Pacific transport. Trans-Pacific dust transport peaked between 3 and 10 km in the troposphere along a zonal transport axis around 40°N. Based on the 44-yr-averaged dust budgets for the modeling domain from East Asia to western North America, it was estimated that of the average spring dust aerosol (diameter d < 41 μm) emission of ∼120 Mt from Asian source regions, about 51% was redeposited onto the source regions, 21% was deposited onto nondesert regions within the Asian subcontinent, and 26% was exported from the Asian subcontinent to the Pacific Ocean. In total, 16% of Asian dust aerosol emission was deposited into the North Pacific, while ∼3% of Asian dust aerosol was carried to the North American continent via trans-Pacific transport.

I See Myself through My Avatar: Evidence from East Asia and North America for Acculturated Effects on Virtual Representation Preference

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 79-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunwoo Yoon ◽  
Patrick T. Vargas
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Cultural Psychology ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Future Research ◽  
East Asians ◽  
Two Cultures ◽  
North Americans ◽  
The Two Cultures ◽  
Quasi Experiment

In the present research we argue that avatars, as identity containers, can mirror people’s self-concepts. Research in cultural psychology suggests that East Asians tend to be more tolerant of contradictions and that they more easily adjust their self-concepts in accordance with changing contexts compared to North Americans (see Heine 2001). We therefore assume that preferred forms of avatars among East Asians and North Americans are different because of this self-concept variability across cultures. We conducted a quasi-experiment to explore how people in the two cultures differently evaluate two forms of avatars, human-like and cartoon-like avatars, in terms of likeability and preference. We found that East Asians rated cartoon-like avatars more favourably than North Americans. Moreover, compared to North Americans, East Asians preferred cartoon-like avatars to human-like avatars for their hypothetical avatars to play games. We conclude by discussing implications for future research.

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