Robust top-down and bottom-up visual saliency for mobile robots using bio-inspired design principles

Author(s):  
Uziel Jaramillo-Avila ◽  
Jonathan M. Aitken ◽  
Kevin Gurney ◽  
Sean R. Anderson
2013 ◽  
Vol 09 (02) ◽  
pp. 1350010 ◽  
Author(s):  
MATTEO CACCIOLA ◽  
GIANLUIGI OCCHIUTO ◽  
FRANCESCO CARLO MORABITO

Many computer vision problems consist of making a suitable content description of images usually aiming to extract the relevant information content. In case of images representing paintings or artworks, the information extracted is rather subject-dependent, thus escaping any universal quantification. However, we proposed a measure of complexity of such kinds of oeuvres which is related to brain processing. The artistic complexity measures the brain inability to categorize complex nonsense forms represented in modern art, in a dynamic process of acquisition that most involves top-down mechanisms. Here, we compare the quantitative results of our analysis on a wide set of paintings of various artists to the cues extracted from a standard bottom-up approach based on visual saliency concept. In every painting inspection, the brain searches for more informative areas at different scales, then connecting them in an attempt to capture the full impact of information content. Artistic complexity is able to quantify information which might have been individually lost in the fruition of a human observer thus identifying the artistic hand. Visual saliency highlights the most salient areas of the paintings standing out from their neighbours and grabbing our attention. Nevertheless, we will show that a comparison on the ways the two algorithms act, may manifest some interesting links, finally indicating an interplay between bottom-up and top-down modalities.


Buildings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 600
Author(s):  
Matthew S. K. Yeo ◽  
S. M. Bhagya P. Samarakoon ◽  
Qi Boon Ng ◽  
Yi Jin Ng ◽  
M. A. Viraj J. Muthugala ◽  
...  

False ceilings are often utilised in residential and commercial spaces as a way to contain and conceal necessary but unattractive building infrastructure, including mechanical, electrical, and plumbing services. Concealing such elements has made it difficult to perform periodic inspection safely for maintenance. To complement this, there have been increasing research interests in mobile robots in recent years that are capable of accessing hard-to-reach locations, thus allowing workers to perform inspections remotely. However, current initiatives are met with challenges arising from unstructured site conditions that hamper the robot’s productivity for false ceiling inspection. The paper adopts a top-down approach known as “Design for Robots”, taking into account four robot-inclusive design principles: activity, accessibility, safety, observability. Falcon, a class of inspection robots, was used as a benchmark to identify spatial constraints according to the four principles. Following this, a list of false ceiling design guidelines for each category are proposed.


2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Hickinbotham ◽  
Edward Clark ◽  
Adam Nellis ◽  
Susan Stepney ◽  
Tim Clarke ◽  
...  

Automata chemistries are good vehicles for experimentation in open-ended evolution, but they are by necessity complex systems whose low-level properties require careful design. To aid the process of designing automata chemistries, we develop an abstract model that classifies the features of a chemistry from a physical (bottom up) perspective and from a biological (top down) perspective. There are two levels: things that can evolve, and things that cannot. We equate the evolving level with biology and the non-evolving level with physics. We design our initial organisms in the biology, so they can evolve. We design the physics to facilitate evolvable biologies. This architecture leads to a set of design principles that should be observed when creating an instantiation of the architecture. These principles are Everything Evolves, Everything's Soft, and Everything Dies. To evaluate these ideas, we present experiments in the recently developed Stringmol automata chemistry. We examine the properties of Stringmol with respect to the principles, and so demonstrate the usefulness of the principles in designing automata chemistries.


Author(s):  
Jeremiah D. Still ◽  
Christopher M. Masciocchi

In this chapter, the authors highlight the influence of visual saliency, or local contrast, on users’ searches of interfaces, particularly web pages. Designers have traditionally focused on the importance of goals and expectations (top-down processes) for the navigation of interfaces (Diaper & Stanton, 2004), with little consideration for the influence of saliency (bottom-up processes). The Handbook of Human-Computer Interaction (Sears & Jacko, 2008), for example, does not discuss the influence of bottom-up processing, potentially neglecting an important aspect of interface-based searches. The authors review studies that demonstrate how a user’s attention is rapidly drawn to visually salient locations in a variety of tasks and scenes, including web pages. They then describe an inexpensive, rapid technique that designers can use to identify visually salient locations in web pages, and discuss its advantages over similar methods.


2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matt Chapman-Rounds ◽  
Christopher G. Lucas ◽  
Frank Keller

Models of visual saliency normally belong to one of two camps: models such as Experience Guided Search (E-GS), which emphasize top-down guidance based on task features, and models such as Attention as Information Maximisation (AIM), which emphasize the role of bottom-up saliency. In this paper, we show that E-GS and AIM are structurally similar and can be unified to create a general model of visual search which includes a generic prior over potential non-task related objects. We demonstrate that this model displays inattentional blindness, and that blindness can be modulated by adjusting the relative precisions of several terms within the model. At the same time, our model correctly accounts for a series of classical visual search results.


Optik ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 178 ◽  
pp. 1195-1207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Sadat Shariatmadar ◽  
Karim Faez

PsycCRITIQUES ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 50 (19) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Cole
Keyword(s):  
Top Down ◽  

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