In this paper, a novel control strategy is presented for reinforcement learning with disturbance compensation to solve the problem of quadrotor positioning under external disturbance. The proposed control scheme applies a trained neural-network-based reinforcement learning agent to control the quadrotor, and its output is directly mapped to four actuators in an end-to-end manner. The proposed control scheme constructs a disturbance observer to estimate the external forces exerted on the three axes of the quadrotor, such as wind gusts in an outdoor environment. By introducing an interference compensator into the neural network control agent, the tracking accuracy and robustness were significantly increased in indoor and outdoor experiments. The experimental results indicate that the proposed control strategy is highly robust to external disturbances. In the experiments, compensation improved control accuracy and reduced positioning error by 75%. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to achieve quadrotor positioning control through low-level reinforcement learning by using a global positioning system in an outdoor environment.
An adaptive network control scheme for region-based hybrid coding algorithm
