scholarly journals An Evaluation of a Security Mechanism Response Time Using a General Purpose OS for a Multi-hop Network

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihoko Uno ◽  
Masato Oguchi
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Security Mechanism

scholarly journals METHOD FOR ASSESSING OF RELIABILITY CHARACTERISTICS IN DESIGNING OF FAILURERESISTANT REAL-TIME OPERATING SYSTEMS

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (61) ◽  
pp. 108-118
Author(s):  
P. Shvahirev ◽  
◽  
O. Lopakov ◽  
V. Kosmachevskiy ◽  
V. Salii ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Operating Systems ◽  
Computer Systems ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Time System ◽  
Real Time System ◽  
Software Complex ◽  
External Events

For many years, real-time OS-based applications have been used in embedded special-purpose systems. Recently they have been used everywhere, from on-board control systems for aircraft, to household appliances. The development of multiprocessor computing systems usually aims to increase either the level of reliability or the level of system performance to values that are inaccessible or difficult to implement in traditional computer systems. In the first case, the question of the availability of special means of ensuring the fault tolerance of computer systems arises, the main feature (and advantage) of which is the absence of any single resource, failure of which leads to a fatal failure of the entire system. The use of a real-time operating system is always associated with equipment, with an object and with events occurring at an object. A real-time system, as a hardware-software complex, includes sensors that record events at an object, input / output modules that convert sensor readings into a digital form suitable for processing these readings on a computer, and finally, a computer with a program that responds to events occurring at the facility. The RTOS is focused on processing external events. It is this that leads to fundamental differences (compared with general-purpose OS) in the structure of the system as well as in the functions of the kernel and in the construction of the input-output system. The RTOS can be similar in its user interface to general-purpose operating systems, but it is completely different in its structure. In addition, the use of RTOS is always specific. If users (not developers) usually perceive a general-purpose OS as a ready-made set of applications, then the RTOS serves only as a tool for creating a specific hardware-software complex in real time. Therefore, the widest class of users of RTOS is the developers of real-time complexes, people designing control and data collection systems. When designing and developing a specific real-time system, the programmer always knows exactly what events can occur at the facility, and he knows the critical terms for servicing each of these events. We call a real-time system (SRV) a hardware-software complex that responds in predictable times to an unpredictable stream of external events. The system must have time to respond to the event that occurred at the facility, during the time critical for this event. The critical time for each event is determined by the object and by the event itself, and, of course, it can be different, but the response time of the system must be predicted (calculated) when creating the system. Lack of response at the predicted time is considered an error for real-time systems. The system must have time to respond to simultaneously occurring events. Even if two or more external events occur simultaneously, the system must have time to respond to each of them during time intervals critical for these events. In this study, as part of a network fault-tolerant technology, the RTOS becomes a special type of control software that is used to organize the operation of embedded applications, which are characterized by limited memory resources, low productivity and the requirements of a guaranteed response time (T<4 μs), high level availability and availability of auto-monitoring facilities.

A Simplified Algorithm for Count Rate Processing in Radiation Monitors That Address Statistical Fluctuations and Spurious Counts

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Biswamohan Nanda ◽  
Voleti Madhavi ◽  
S. V. Suguna Devi ◽  
R. Balachandran
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
Count Rate ◽  
Radiation Detectors ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Noise Pattern ◽  
Statistical Fluctuations ◽  
True Value ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Radiation Monitors ◽  
C Program

Abstract While processing the signals from radiation detectors, for finding the true mean-count-rate, algorithms with hybrid pulse collection methodology have been proposed and used over the years. An algorithm based on this technique with a new methodology of adoption and implementation including spurious rejection is proposed here. It enables a specified and controllable error when the mean-count-rate remains within certain predefined limits from its true value. Effort is made to optimize the response time of prediction at low count rates preserving the optimum possible relative-standard-deviation (RSD). Chi-squared test is utilized for verifying the counting system to check if the observed fluctuations are consistent with the expected statistical fluctuations. A C-program code has been developed to test the algorithm. An observed set of detector outputs are given as input to the program and the corresponding Output is analyzed. A comparative study between the proposed method and floating-mean method is presented for the same set of observations. A typical short-lived high voltage (HV) induced spurious noise pattern is fed as input to the program verifying limited-spurious rejection capability of the algorithm. An embedded C program was written for microcontroller implementation of the algorithm. Case-study of a neutron roentgen equivalent man (REM) counter is presented for evaluating response time for various ranges of operation with calculation of RSD at these ranges. This general-purpose algorithm can enhance the read-out accuracy of radiation monitors used for radiation safety applications.

Temporal Prediction Errors Affect Short-Term Memory Scanning Response Time

2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 333-342
Author(s):  
Roberto Limongi ◽  
Angélica M. Silva
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Estimation Error ◽  
Predictive Coding ◽  
Time Estimation ◽  
Prediction Errors ◽  
Memory Scanning ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Temporal Prediction

Abstract. The Sternberg short-term memory scanning task has been used to unveil cognitive operations involved in time perception. Participants produce time intervals during the task, and the researcher explores how task performance affects interval production – where time estimation error is the dependent variable of interest. The perspective of predictive behavior regards time estimation error as a temporal prediction error (PE), an independent variable that controls cognition, behavior, and learning. Based on this perspective, we investigated whether temporal PEs affect short-term memory scanning. Participants performed temporal predictions while they maintained information in memory. Model inference revealed that PEs affected memory scanning response time independently of the memory-set size effect. We discuss the results within the context of formal and mechanistic models of short-term memory scanning and predictive coding, a Bayes-based theory of brain function. We state the hypothesis that our finding could be associated with weak frontostriatal connections and weak striatal activity.

A Response-Time Investigation of Vehicle Stereotypes

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Anthony ◽  
Robert W. Fuhrman
Keyword(s):  
Response Time

Use of an interactive general-purpose computer terminal to simulate training equipment operation.

1975 ◽  
Author(s):  
George F. Lahey ◽  
Alice M. Crawford ◽  
Richard E. Hurlock
Keyword(s):  
General Purpose ◽  
Computer Terminal ◽  
Equipment Operation ◽  
General Purpose Computer ◽  
Purpose Computer

System response time and problem solving behavior.

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Bergman ◽  
Albert Brinkman ◽  
Harry S. Koelega
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Response Time ◽  
System Response ◽  
System Response Time ◽  
Problem Solving Behavior

A Response Time Model on the Role of Spectral and Duration Cues in Vowel Perception

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Tillman ◽  
Don van Ravenzwaaij ◽  
Scott Brown ◽  
Titia Benders
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
Time Model ◽  
Vowel Perception ◽  
Response Time Model

Response time tests of take-the-best and rational models of decision making

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Nosofsky ◽  
F. Bryan Bergert
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Response Time ◽  
Rational Models ◽  
Take The Best
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