Research on soft sensing of formation heat of cement clinker based on LS_SVM

In the view of scarce of natural mineral resources and requirement of energy-saving/emission-reducing for cement industry, the natural silicon-aluminum clay as one cement raw material has been gradually replaced by silica-rich industrial wastes, such as, fly ash, a principal solid waste discharged from coal-fired power plants, composed mainly of silica- and alumina-rich glass bead-shaped mineral. Using fly ash to produce cement raw materials, the formation and chemical reactions of cement clinker are affected by the chemical and mineral composition as well as the texture of the fly ash and the paper was focused on it. The empirical formula for formation heat of fly ash-doped cement clinker is revised on the basis of chemical thermodynamics. The results show that with the use of fly ash, in contrast with the traditional ingredients, the formation of varieties of clinker minerals as well as the formation sequence and types of intermediates varied little, while the maximum decomposition temperature of carbonate was lowered by 50 °C approximately, so that both the solid phase reaction temperature and liquid phase sintering point were decreased, which is favorable to the reduction of clinker formation heat. The revised formation heat empirical formula of fly ash-doped clinker could facilitate the thermal calculation of furnaces and the evaluation of thermal efficiency.

Download Full-text

Applications of SEM/EDXA in cement clinker investigation

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100177489 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (4) ◽

pp. 870-871

Author(s):

Arezki Tagnit-Hamou ◽

Shondeep L. Sarkar

Keyword(s):

Mineralogical Composition ◽

Physicochemical Characteristics ◽

Cement Clinker ◽

Accurate Information ◽

Phase Identification ◽

History Of ◽

Bulk Chemical ◽

Resolution Imaging ◽

Proven Method ◽

Instantaneous Chemical

All the desired properties of cement primarily depend on the physicochemical characteristics of clinker from which the cement is produced. The mineralogical composition of the clinker forms the most important parameter influencing these properties.Optical microscopy provides reasonably accurate information pertaining to the thermal history of the clinker, while XRDA still remains the proven method of phase identification, and bulk chemical composition of the clinker can be readily obtained from XRFA. Nevertheless, all these microanalytical techniques are somewhat limited in their applications, and SEM/EDXA combination fills this gap uniquely by virtue of its high resolution imaging capability and possibility of instantaneous chemical analysis of individual phases.Inhomogeneities and impurities in the raw meal, influence of kiln conditions such as sintering and cooling rate being directly related to the microstructure can be effectively determined by SEM/EDXA. In addition, several physical characteristics of cement, such as rhcology, grindability and hydraulicity also depend on the clinker microstructure.

Download Full-text

Calculating Portland Cement Clinker

Scientific American ◽

10.1038/scientificamerican11071908-300bsupp ◽

1908 ◽

Vol 66 (1714supp) ◽

pp. 300-300

Keyword(s):

Portland Cement ◽

Cement Clinker ◽

Portland Cement Clinker

Download Full-text

Distribution of sulfates in Portland cement clinker

International RILEM Workshop on Internal Sulfate Attack and Delayed Ettringite Formation ◽

10.1617/2912143802.002 ◽

2004 ◽

Author(s):

D. Herfort

Keyword(s):

Portland Cement ◽

Cement Clinker ◽

Portland Cement Clinker

Download Full-text

Pengaruh Penggunaan Batu Basalt Lampung dan Batubara dalam Bahan Baku terhadap Karakteristik Klinker

Jurnal Teknologi Bahan dan Barang Teknik ◽

10.37209/jtbbt.v10i1.167 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 49

Author(s):

Suharto Suharto ◽

Muhammad Amin ◽

Muhammad Al Muttaqii ◽

Syafriadi Syafriadi ◽

Kiki Nurwanti

Keyword(s):

Experimental Study ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Coal Ash ◽

Heating Time ◽

Raw Material ◽

Silica Sand ◽

Cement Clinker ◽

Duration Of Heating

Experimental study on the use of basalt stone originated from Lampung has been conducted to evaluate its potential for a partial substitute of raw material in production of cement clinker. The basalt stone contains minerals of anorthite, augite, and albite phases that are required for clinker formation. In this study, the main raw materials were 80% limestone, 10% silica sand, 9% clay and 1% iron sand. The raw material in these experiments were mixtures 90% or 80% of the main raw material and 10% or 20% of basalt stone. The effect of adding coal to raw materials was also studied to see the possibility of an increase in clinkerization temperature inside the raw material mixture, and at the same time to see the effect of coal ash on clinker composition. Clinker obtained from heating of raw materials at a temperature of 1100oC had LSF of 94.1% and 95.1% (heating time of 1 and 3 hours). If heating is carried out at 1200oC, the clinker had LSF of 97.7% and 98.0% (heating time of 2 and 3 hours, respectively). Depending on the temperature and duration of heating, the clinker mostly had SM in the range of 2.18-2.40% , and AM in the range of 0,78-1.80%. Characterization using XRD showed that the clinker consisted of larnite and gehlenite phases, and dominated by CaO.Batu basalt Lampung telah diuji potensinya sebagai pengganti sebagian bahan baku utama pembuatan klinker semen. Batu basalt tersebut memiliki mineral-mineral dalam fase anorthite, augite, dan albite yang diperlukan pada pembentukan klinker. Pada penelitian ini, bahan baku utama adalah batu kapur 80%, pasir silika 10%, tanah liat 9% dan pasir besi 1%. Campuran bahan baku klinker adalah 90% atau 80% bahan baku utama dan 10% atau 20% batu basalt. Efek penambahan batubara ke dalam bahan baku klinker juga dipelajari untuk melihat kemungkinan kenaikan temperatur klinkerisasi di dalam campuran bahan baku, dan sekaligus untuk melihat efek abu batubara terhadap komposisi klinker. Klinker hasil pemanasan bahan baku pada temperatur 1100oC memiliki LSF 94,1% dan 95,1% (lama pemanasan 1 dan 3 jam). Jika pemanasan dilakukan pada 1200oC, klinker memilik LSF 97,7% dan 98,00% (lama pemanasan 2 dan 3 jam). Tergantung pada temperatur dan lama pemanasan, klinker hasil percobaan ini umumnya memiliki SM 2,18-2,40%, dan AM antara 0,78-1,80%. Karakterisasi dengan XRD menunjukkan bahwa klinker terdiri dari fase larnite dan gehlenite, dan didominasi CaO.

Download Full-text