Air trench bends and splitters for dense optical integration in low index contrast

The injector to be described is a component in the Electron Injector-Linear Accelerator—Condenser Module for illumination used on the variable 100-500kV electron microscope being built at the Radio Corporation of America for the University of Virginia.The injector is an independently powered, autonomous unit, operating at a constant 6kV positive with respect to accelerator potential, thereby making beam current independent of accelerator potential. The injector provides for on-axis ion trapping to prolong filament lifetime, and incorporates a derived Einzel lens for optical integration into the overall illumination system for microscopy. Electrostatic beam deflectors for alignment are an integral part of the apparatus. The entire injector unit is cantilevered off a door for side loading, and is topped with a 4-filament turret released electrically but driven by a self-contained Negator spring motor.

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Diagnostic Value of Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasonography in High Mechanical Index Contrast Mode for Polypoid Lesions of the Gallbladder

10.26226/morressier.59a6b346d462b80290b54a2f ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

HARUO MIWA

Keyword(s):

Diagnostic Value ◽

Mechanical Index ◽

Contrast Enhanced ◽

Contrast Enhanced Ultrasonography ◽

Index Contrast

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A Fundamental Study for Quantitative Measurement of Ultrasound Contrast Concentration by Low Mechanical Index Contrast Ultrasonography

Choonpa Igaku ◽

10.3179/jjmu.33.665 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 33 (6) ◽

pp. 665-671

Author(s):

Satoshi YAMADA ◽

Kaoru KOMURO ◽

Mariko TANIGUCHI ◽

Ayumi URANISHI ◽

Hiroshi KOMATSU ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quantitative Measurement ◽

Mechanical Index ◽

Fundamental Study ◽

Ultrasound Contrast ◽

Index Contrast ◽

Contrast Ultrasonography

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Optical Sensitivity of Waveguides Inscribed in Nanoporous Silicate Framework

Nanomaterials ◽

10.3390/nano11010123 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 123

Author(s):

Zhong Lijing ◽

Roman A. Zakoldaev ◽

Maksim M. Sergeev ◽

Andrey B. Petrov ◽

Vadim P. Veiko ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Refractive Index ◽

Near Field ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Laser Pulses ◽

Femtosecond Laser Pulses ◽

Direct Writing ◽

Sensor Applications ◽

Refractive Index Contrast ◽

Optical Sensitivity ◽

Index Contrast

Laser direct writing technique in glass is a powerful tool for various waveguides’ fabrication that highly develop the element base for designing photonic devices. We apply this technique to fabricate waveguides in porous glass (PG). Nanoporous optical materials for the inscription can elevate the sensing ability of such waveguides to higher standards. The waveguides were fabricated by a single-scan approach with femtosecond laser pulses in the densification mode, which resulted in the formation of a core and cladding. Experimental studies revealed three types of waveguides and quantified the refractive index contrast (up to Δn = 1.2·10−2) accompanied with ~1.2 dB/cm insertion losses. The waveguides demonstrated the sensitivity to small objects captured by the nanoporous framework. We noticed that the deposited ethanol molecules (3 µL) on the PG surface influence the waveguide optical properties indicating the penetration of the molecule to its cladding. Continuous monitoring of the output near field intensity distribution allowed us to determine the response time (6 s) of the waveguide buried at 400 µm below the glass surface. We found that the minimum distinguishable change of the refractive index contrast is 2 × 10−4. The results obtained pave the way to consider the waveguides inscribed into PG as primary transducers for sensor applications.

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