Modeling of an origami robot driven by electrostatic forces

The solution behavior and physicochemical characteristics of polymer–colloid complexes based on cationic imidazolium amphiphile with a dodecyl tail (IA-12) and polyacrylic acid (PAA) or DNA decamer (oligonucleotide) were evaluated using tensiometry, conductometry, dynamic and electrophoretic light scattering and fluorescent spectroscopy and microscopy. It has been established that PAA addition to the surfactant system resulted in a ca. 200-fold decrease in the aggregation threshold of IA-12, with the hydrodynamic diameter of complexes ranging within 100–150 nm. Electrostatic forces are assumed to be the main driving force in the formation of IA-12/PAA complexes. Factors influencing the efficacy of the complexation of IA-12 with oligonucleotide were determined. The nonconventional mode of binding with the involvement of hydrophobic interactions and the intercalation mechanism is probably responsible for the IA-12/oligonucleotide complexation, and a minor contribution of electrostatic forces occurred. The latter was supported by zeta potential measurements and the gel electrophoresis technique, which demonstrated the low degree of charge neutralization of the complexes. Importantly, cellular uptake of the IA-12/oligonucleotide complex was confirmed by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry data on the example of M-HeLa cells. While single IA-12 samples exhibit roughly similar cytotoxicity, IA-12–oligonucleotide complexes show a selective effect toward M-HeLa cells (IC50 1.1 µM) compared to Chang liver cells (IC50 23.1 µM).

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Rapid Modeling of Electrostatic Forces and Torques Considering Dielectrics

Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets ◽

10.2514/1.a34413 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 56 (6) ◽

pp. 1680-1688

Author(s):

Joseph Hughes ◽

Hanspeter Schaub

Keyword(s):

Electrostatic Forces ◽

Rapid Modeling

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Investigation of the electrostatic forces in scanning probe microscopy at low bias voltages

Surface and Interface Analysis ◽

10.1002/sia.1180 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 33 (2) ◽

pp. 155-158 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Shivprasad Patil ◽

C. V. Dharmadhikari

Keyword(s):

Scanning Probe Microscopy ◽

Scanning Probe ◽

Electrostatic Forces ◽

Probe Microscopy

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Seminalplasmin. An endogenous calmodulin antagonist

Biochemical Journal ◽

10.1042/bj2300277 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 230 (1) ◽

pp. 277-280 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

K Gietzen ◽

H J Galla

Keyword(s):

Basic Protein ◽

Electrostatic Forces ◽

High Potency ◽

Calmodulin Antagonist ◽

Basal Activity ◽

Bull Semen ◽

Stimulation Of

Seminalplasmin, a strongly basic protein isolated from bull semen, was found to antagonize with high potency and extraordinary specificity the function of calmodulin. Calmodulin antagonism is the result of an interaction between the two proteins, which is mainly determined by electrostatic forces. The stimulation of Ca2+-transporting ATPase and phosphodiesterase by calmodulin was half-maximally inhibited at approx. 0.1 microM-seminalplasmin. However, the basal activity of calmodulin-dependent enzymes was not significantly altered by seminalplasmin over the concentration range investigated.

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Design considerations of electrostatic forces in microaccelerometers

10.1117/12.488734 ◽

2003 ◽

Author(s):

Jingxin Dong ◽

Xiaochun Wu

Keyword(s):

Electrostatic Forces ◽

Design Considerations

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Electrostatic Forces on Particles Floating Within the Interface Between Two Immiscible Fluids

Volume 8: Heat Transfer, Fluid Flows, and Thermal Systems, Parts A and B ◽

10.1115/imece2007-44095 ◽

2007 ◽

Author(s):

Nadine Aubry ◽

Pushpendra Singh

Keyword(s):

Dielectric Properties ◽

Field Strength ◽

Electric Field ◽

Electric Field Strength ◽

External Electric Field ◽

Capillary Force ◽

Electrostatic Force ◽

Immiscible Fluids ◽

Electrostatic Forces ◽

Dipole Interactions

The objective of this paper is to study the dependence of the electrostatic force that act on a particle within the interface between two immiscible fluids on the parameters such as the dielectric properties of the fluids and particles, the particle’s position within the interface, and the electric field strength. It is shown that the component of electrostatic force normal to the interface varies as a2, where a is the particle radius, and since in equilibrium it is balanced by the vertical capillary force, the interfacial deformation caused by the particle changes when an external electric field is applied. In addition, there are lateral electrostatic forces among the particles due to the dipole-dipole interactions which, when the distance between two particles is O(a), vary as a2, and remain significant for submicron sized particles.

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